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LINGUISTIC ASPECT OF CONTEMPORARY GENDER CHALLENGES IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE 当代法语中性别挑战的语言学方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2020-3-60-67
M. Borisenko
The article discusses the morphological features associated with the formation of feminine words to designate professions, ranks and positions. The change in the social status of a woman – a politician, public figure, government official, professional – in the fields confined to male representatives – requires adequate expression in the language. The need search correct forms that do not violate the traditional structure of the language is felt both by linguists and authorities of the country. Their acceptance or non-acceptance by the language depends on the reaction of the native speaker, the media, representatives of the Internet community. The author reviews the possibilities presented by the French language in the formation of the feminine nouns – suffix formation, epicenes. Issues related to the peculiarities of matching plural nouns are also considered. The article does not only deal with the situation in France, but also with what is being done in this direction in Geneva canton, in the French-speaking community of Belgium, in Quebec. The author found it interesting to dwell on some of the reasons that impede the entry of new forms into modern French. The conclusion contains some observations covering the period of the last two years, made on the basis of viewing media materials.
本文探讨了职业、职级、职位等女性词语构成的形态特征。妇女- -政治家、公众人物、政府官员、专业人员- -在仅限于男性代表的领域- -社会地位的变化需要在语言中充分表达。语言学家和国家当局都认为有必要寻找不违反语言传统结构的正确形式。语言对他们的接受与否取决于母语者、媒体、网络社区代表的反应。作者回顾了法语中女性名词形成的可能性-后缀形成,epicene。还考虑了与复数名词匹配的特殊性有关的问题。这篇文章不仅论及法国的局势,而且也论及在日内瓦州、比利时法语社区、魁北克省正朝这个方向采取的行动。作者认为仔细研究阻碍新形式进入现代法语的一些原因很有趣。结论中载有对过去两年的一些观察,这些观察是在查阅媒体材料的基础上作出的。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF CATEGORIZATION OF BODILY SENSATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 多发性硬化症患者与疾病相关的身体感觉分类特征
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2023-1-86-103
A. Nelyubina, A. M. Merzlyakova
The article presents the results of an empirical study in the features of the bodily sensations categorization associated with the disease in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis of varying degrees of disability. Using the psychosemantic technique “Choice of descriptors of intraceptive sensations” by A.Sh. Tkhostov, the peculiarities of verbalization, interpretation and categorization of intraceptive (internal bodily) sensations used by patients to describe their complaints were revealed. The sample consisted of 76 patients with multiple sclerosis, aged from 21 to 60 years (µ = 35.3, σ = 8,6), the duration of the disease from 1 to 33 years (µ = 4,4, σ = 5). Methods of descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and the nonparametric Kraskel-Wallis criterion were used to compare groups of patients with different disability rating (according to EDSS). There were no differences in the volumes of descriptor dictionaries used to describe the bodily experience of the disease in patients with different duration of the disease, since multiple sclerosis does not have a linear development and each patient goes through his own unique path in the process of nosognosy. Statistically significant differences were found in the volumes of dictionaries of intraceptive sensations (associated with the disease, dangerous and often experienced) in patients with varying degrees of disability rating (according to EDSS). It is shown that the most extensive dictionaries of intraceptive sensations associated with the disease are in patients with average disability rating. That group has already had some adaptation to the fact of the disease, but due to the diversity of its manifestations and the unpredictability of their appearance, patients tend to attribute any bodily sensations to the disease. In more severe patients, there is a reduction of dictionaries describing the bodily experience of the disease. The most commonly used words in all groups of patients are those describing feelings of loss of tone, strength and sensitivity. Taking into account the peculiarities of nosognosia is necessary when building psychoprophylactic programs with patients suffering from multiple sclerosis
本文介绍了不同程度残疾的多发性硬化症患者与疾病相关的身体感觉分类特征的实证研究结果。运用A.Sh.的心理语义技术“感受性感觉描述符的选择”。Tkhostov,语言化的特点,解释和分类的内感受(内部身体)的感觉被用来描述他们的抱怨被揭示。样本为76例多发性硬化症患者,年龄21 ~ 60岁(µ= 35.3,σ = 8,6),病程1 ~ 33年(µ= 4,4,σ = 5)。采用描述性统计、频数分析和非参数Kraskel-Wallis标准比较不同残疾分级(EDSS)患者的组间差异。在不同病程的患者中,用于描述疾病身体经历的描述词词典的数量没有差异,因为多发性硬化症不是线性发展的,每个患者在疾病诊断过程中都有自己独特的路径。在不同程度残疾等级(根据EDSS)的患者中,在感知内感觉词典(与疾病相关,危险且经常经历)的数量上发现了统计学上显著的差异。结果表明,与该疾病相关的最广泛的感觉词典是在平均残疾等级的患者中。这一群体已经对这种疾病的事实有了一定的适应,但由于其表现的多样性和外观的不可预测性,患者倾向于将任何身体感觉归因于这种疾病。在更严重的病人中,描述疾病身体经历的字典减少了。所有患者群体中最常用的词汇是那些描述音调、力量和敏感性丧失的词语。在建立多发性硬化症患者的精神预防方案时,考虑到疾病诊断的特殊性是必要的
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引用次数: 0
MAN AND THE WORLD IN A SITUATION OF CHANGE: A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 变化中的人与世界:一个跨学科的方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2022-1-12-34
M. Guseltseva
The problem of studying the transformations of modernity is relevant today in psychology and social sciences. The most well-founded changes in man and the world were considered in international anthropology, starting from the second half of the twentieth century. At the specific scientific level of methodology, research strategies were developed here and new directions arose – anthropology of contemporary, anthropology of globalization, anthropology of the future. At the general scientific level of methodology, the instrument for studying the transformations of man and the world is a transdisciplinary approach that integrates the studies of psychology and social sciences. At the same time, transdisciplinarity manifests itself today not only as a conscious methodological strategy, but also as a spontaneous practice in a problem-oriented cognitive space. The issues of identity formation, socialization of the younger generations, personal development in the context of globalization and in a situation of change constitute today the general problem field of psychology, anthropology and other social sciences. Psychology in this cognitive context is able to expand the horizon of ideas about man and the world, including through the reception of modern anthropological concepts. One of the problems that is being considered today in psychology, sociology, and anthropology is the clash in one socio-cultural space of different values, lifestyles and worldviews. Discussed in the context of the anthropology of contemporary, the forms of socialization are united by a transdisciplinary approach, which, integrating these studies at the general scientific level of methodology, at the specific scientific level, reveals the antinomies of simplicity and complexity, commonality and differences, constancy and change, structures and processes. Normative diversity is introduced as a construct that reflects the idea of positive socialization in modern society, characterized by increased sociocultural mobility, creolization (cultural mixing) phenomena, and diversification of life strategies.
研究现代性转变的问题与今天的心理学和社会科学息息相关。从20世纪下半叶开始,国际人类学研究了人类和世界最有根据的变化。在具体的科学方法论层面,提出了研究策略,并提出了新的研究方向——当代人类学、全球化人类学、未来人类学。在一般科学的方法论层面上,研究人类和世界转变的工具是一种跨学科的方法,它整合了心理学和社会科学的研究。与此同时,跨学科在今天不仅表现为一种有意识的方法论策略,而且表现为一种在问题导向的认知空间中的自发实践。身份形成、年轻一代的社会化、全球化背景下的个人发展等问题和变化构成了今天心理学、人类学和其他社会科学的一般问题领域。在这种认知背景下,心理学能够通过接受现代人类学概念,拓展关于人类和世界的观念视野。当今心理学、社会学和人类学正在考虑的问题之一是不同价值观、生活方式和世界观在一个社会文化空间中的冲突。在当代人类学的语境中,社会化的各种形式被一种跨学科的方法统一起来,这种方法将这些研究在方法论的一般科学层面和具体科学层面进行整合,揭示了简单与复杂、共性与差异、恒定与变化、结构与过程的二律背反。规范多样性是一种反映现代社会积极社会化理念的结构,其特征是社会文化流动性增加、克里奥尔化(文化混合)现象和生活策略的多样化。
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引用次数: 0
INTERRELATION OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS IN THE PERCEPTION OF CINEMA IN A PANDEMIC 大流行时期大学生观影心理情绪特征与价值取向的相互关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2022-1-148-165
A. Berberyan, Anahit O. Oganesyan
The issues of psycho-emotional characteristics and value orientations of students in the perception of cinema in a pandemic are presented in the article. The authors focused on psycho-emotional characteristics, value system of orientations and perception of cinema in a pandemic. Purpose of the research: to study the relationship between psycho-emotional characteristics and value orientations of students, taking into account the preference for a certain genre of film in a pandemic. Student age opens up opportunities for identifying the direction of value orientations and the realization of personal potential. The article shows that values and cinema are closely interrelated, since cinema is a very powerful tool in the socio-psychological development of a person. The analysis of scientific literature carried out by us has shown that value orientations have a very strong effect on people’s lives, on their choice in life situations. An empirical study was carried out and the results of the study confirm the hypotheses put forward, which consisted in the assumption that students have a relationship between the preference for a certain film genre and the indicator of “self-development”, and also the hypothesis was confirmed that the modality of emotions is associated with the level of spiritual satisfaction.
本文提出了大流行背景下大学生观影的心理情感特征和价值取向问题。作者着重探讨了大流行时期电影的心理情感特征、取向价值体系和感知。研究目的:研究学生的心理情感特征与价值取向之间的关系,同时考虑到在流行病中对某种类型电影的偏好。学生年龄为确定价值取向的方向和实现个人潜能提供了机会。本文表明价值观和电影是密切相关的,因为电影是一个人的社会心理发展的一个非常强大的工具。我们对科学文献进行的分析表明,价值取向对人们的生活,对他们在生活情境中的选择有很强的影响。通过实证研究,研究结果证实了提出的假设,即学生对某种电影类型的偏好与“自我发展”指标之间存在关系,并证实了情感形态与精神满意度水平之间存在关联。
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引用次数: 0
EXPERIENCING CRISIS OF TRANSITIVITY IN REAL AND VIRTUAL SPACES: PERSONAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT 在真实与虚拟空间中体验及物性危机:个人与社会语境
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2022-4-30-40
T. Martsinkovskaya
Approaches to the study of the specifics of the experiences of instability and uncertainty of the world around by people of different ages are presented. The necessity of developing a new methodology, including both – the modern transitivity and uncertainty of the surrounding world, and the peculiarities of human experience of digital everyday reality is shown. Personal and social factors that affect the emotional state of people in a mixed space, primarily the change in social roles and statuses, styles of communication and activity, the specifics of information processing in the real space of interaction and in the Internet network space are revealed. The data obtained showed that during an acute crisis, the most important factor that reduces anxiety is the information necessary for orientation. With some stabilization of the situation, the ability to act (communicate, study and work) in a mixed space comes to the fore. This is what helps to reduce personal anxiety. Our materials also shows that television series and, in part, movies can act as an additional space that also leads to increased emotional well-being. Virtual reality plays a special role in experiencing the crisis. The degree of immersion in this reality, as well as the content of the images presented, reflecting various aspects of crisis situations, significantly reduce negative emotions. Regardless of the degree of identification with the imaginary situation, milder social crises were associated by respondents with landscapes, travel, and recreation. Severe social and personal crises were associated with situations of wars, struggles, conflicts, chases. The data obtained make it possible to construct options for additional and virtual situations that allow increasing the resistance of respondents to crisis situations of various natures and developing a process for presenting these situations.
提出了不同年龄的人对周围世界的不稳定和不确定的具体经验的研究方法。开发一种新方法的必要性,包括现代及物性和周围世界的不确定性,以及数字日常现实中人类经验的特殊性。揭示了在混合空间中影响人们情绪状态的个人因素和社会因素,主要是社会角色和地位的变化、交流和活动方式的变化、现实互动空间和互联网网络空间中信息处理的具体情况。所获得的数据表明,在急性危机期间,减少焦虑的最重要因素是定向所需的信息。随着情况的稳定,在混合空间中行动(沟通,学习和工作)的能力就会显现出来。这有助于减少个人焦虑。我们的资料还显示,电视剧和电影,在某种程度上,可以作为一个额外的空间,也可以增加情感健康。虚拟现实在体验危机中扮演着特殊的角色。沉浸在这种现实中的程度,以及所呈现的图像内容,反映了危机情境的各个方面,显著减少了负面情绪。无论对想象情境的认同程度如何,受访者都将温和的社会危机与景观、旅行和娱乐联系在一起。严重的社会和个人危机与战争、斗争、冲突、追逐等情况有关。所获得的数据可以为额外和虚拟的情况构建选项,从而增加受访者对各种性质的危机情况的抵抗力,并制定一个呈现这些情况的过程。
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引用次数: 1
INTERRELATION OF CREATIVITI AND INDIVIDUAL AND PERSONAL FEATURES OF STUDENTS 创造力与学生个性特征的相互关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2019-1-105-126
Oksana V. Gavrichenko
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引用次数: 0
AN ESSAY ON BRUEGEL: THE VIEW OF AN EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGIST 论勃鲁盖尔:一个存在主义心理学家的观点
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2019-4-14-23
N. Grishina
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF THE IDENTITY OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE THREE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITIES IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION 三个专业群体代表在社会化过程中的身份特征
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2022-1-63-84
Margarita M. Konchalovskaya, N. Yurchenko
Diversity, “fluidity”, ambiguity of the modern world contributes to the emergence of different structures and varieties of identity, instability of the balance of identities. The study of the features of socio-cultural, territorial, linguistic and ethnic identities is of great importance in modern reality. The study allowed us to consider a more complete picture of the similarities and differences in the identities of students in three professional communities. The study involved 60 respondents aged 19 to 27 years. In the structure of sociocultural identity, the family turned out to be the most significant group for all the subjects at the present uncertain and unstable time. All respondents demonstrated the great importance of linguistic identity in the study. It is noted that mathematics students have less respect for a foreign language than for Russian, and for linguistic students, their native language is less significant than a foreign one. In the study of ethnic identity, the most positive attitude to their own culture and to living in their native country was shown by a group of future mathematics teachers, and students-psychologists indicated a dim position towards their native culture and an active desire to change their place of residence to another country. Linguistic students gave the most multiple characteristics of their own and foreign culture. The study showed that the formation of territorial, sociocultural, linguistic and ethnic identities of mathematics students, linguistics students and psychology students is greatly influenced by the professional community, the presence of professional experience, as well as the social environment, social status, age, the situation with COVID-19 in the country and the world.
现代世界的多样性、“流动性”、模糊性促成了身份的不同结构和多样性的出现,以及身份平衡的不稳定性。研究社会文化、地域、语言和民族认同的特征在现代现实中具有重要意义。这项研究使我们能够更全面地了解三个专业群体中学生身份的异同。这项研究涉及60名年龄在19至27岁之间的受访者。在社会文化认同的结构中,在当前这个不确定和不稳定的时代,家庭成为所有主体最重要的群体。所有受访者都表明语言认同在研究中的重要性。值得注意的是,数学专业的学生对外语的尊重程度低于俄语,而对语言学专业的学生来说,他们的母语不如外语重要。在民族认同的研究中,一群未来的数学教师对自己的文化和生活在自己的祖国表现出最积极的态度,学生心理学家对自己的祖国文化表现出模糊的态度,并积极地希望改变自己的居住地到另一个国家。语言学学生给出了最多元的本国和外国文化特征。研究表明,数学专业学生、语言学专业学生和心理学专业学生的地域认同、社会文化认同、语言认同和民族认同的形成受专业群体、专业经验的存在以及社会环境、社会地位、年龄、国内和世界疫情等因素的影响较大。
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引用次数: 0
SELF AND OTHER: ASSESSMENT AND SOCIAL COMPARISON MODELS 自我与他人:评估与社会比较模型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2020-1-54-76
M. V. Baleva
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引用次数: 0
Native and “non-native” speech: debunking the myth of the linguistic being lightness 母语和“非母语”语言:揭穿语言存在轻盈的神话
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6398-2021-3-10-20
I. Antonova
The author attempts to analyze the phenomenon of language considered from the point of view of current philosophy that presents the lat- ter as the key object of its research. According to modern philosophers it is not enough to define language as a method of building up speech. Construing language as an instrument of shaping worldview by a human being is no less limited. Discrepancy in construing one and the same language by different partners of communication, mutual misunderstanding of each other in the process of speech interaction, inevitable mistakes elicited by both imperfection and complexity of the language – this is a non-exhaustive list of challenges that philosophy of language faces nowadays. In her aspiration to glimpse the interplay of language essence, the author undertakes an attempt to construe one of the most ambiguous definitions of language given by M. Heidegger in his “Being and Time”. While defining the language as “the house of Being”, Heidegger presents the latter as a method of expressing the essence of something that exists (Being). This definition confirms true Being and as a consequence – ambiguity of language that presupposes non-intentional cloaking of the meaning that requires its obligatory detection by means of interpreting and giving evidence to either super complex mechanism of language or to its extreme imperfection.
本文试图从当代哲学的角度来分析语言现象,并将当代哲学作为其研究的主要对象。根据现代哲学家的观点,仅仅把语言定义为构建语言的方法是不够的。将语言解释为人类塑造世界观的工具同样是有限的。不同的交际对象对同一种语言的不同理解,言语互动过程中彼此的误解,语言的不完善和复杂性所导致的不可避免的错误——这是当今语言哲学所面临的诸多挑战。为了窥见语言本质的相互作用,作者试图解释海德格尔在《存在与时间》中对语言的最模糊的定义之一。海德格尔在将语言定义为“存在之家”的同时,将后者呈现为一种表达存在之物(存在)本质的方法。这一定义确认了真实存在,其结果是语言的模糊性,它以非故意的意义掩盖为前提,这需要通过解释和证明语言的超级复杂机制或其极端不完美来强制检测。
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引用次数: 0
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RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education
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