Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/11000034
Daniel E. Rodriguez Bauza, P. Silveyra
A physically active lifestyle has health benefits, including enhanced vaccination responses, improved neutrophil and macrophage function, increased T cell proliferative capacity, lower numbers of senescent T cells, and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, exercise or physical activity is effective for preventing and treating chronic diseases. A more robust immune response is generally thought to be exerted in females than males in response to various challenges. Sex hormones in both sexes have been suggested as mediators of immune function, but research on this topic has not been designed with a sex-specific lens. The authors reviewed and summarized the experimental and clinical evidence in the available literature linking exercise, immune function, and risk of upper respiratory infections, as well as associated mechanisms. Collectively, the available literature indicates that moderate exercise improves immune function and risk for upper respiratory infections in both sexes. In contrast, prolonged and high-intensity exercise temporarily impairs immune responses and upper respiratory infection risk at a higher degree in females than males. Therefore, moderate exercise and activity may enhance immune function regardless of sex, whereas prolonged and high-intensity exercise temporarily impairs immune responses, predominantly in females more than their male counterparts.
体育锻炼的生活方式对健康有益，包括增强疫苗接种反应、改善中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞功能、提高 T 细胞增殖能力、降低衰老 T 细胞数量以及降低炎症细胞因子水平。因此，运动或体育锻炼可有效预防和治疗慢性疾病。一般认为，在应对各种挑战时，女性的免疫反应比男性更强。有人认为两性的性激素都是免疫功能的介质，但有关这一主题的研究还没有从性别特异性的角度进行设计。作者回顾并总结了现有文献中将运动、免疫功能和上呼吸道感染风险联系起来的实验和临床证据以及相关机制。总体而言，现有文献表明，适度运动可改善男女的免疫功能和上呼吸道感染风险。相比之下，长时间和高强度的运动会暂时损害女性的免疫反应和上呼吸道感染风险，而且女性的损害程度高于男性。因此，无论男女，适度的运动和活动都可能增强免疫功能，而长时间和高强度的运动则会暂时损害免疫反应，主要是女性比男性更容易受到影响。
{"title":"Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Effects on Respiratory Infection and Immune Function","authors":"Daniel E. Rodriguez Bauza, P. Silveyra","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/11000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/11000034","url":null,"abstract":"A physically active lifestyle has health benefits, including enhanced vaccination responses, improved neutrophil and macrophage function, increased T cell proliferative capacity, lower numbers of senescent T cells, and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, exercise or physical activity is effective for preventing and treating chronic diseases. A more robust immune response is generally thought to be exerted in females than males in response to various challenges. Sex hormones in both sexes have been suggested as mediators of immune function, but research on this topic has not been designed with a sex-specific lens. The authors reviewed and summarized the experimental and clinical evidence in the available literature linking exercise, immune function, and risk of upper respiratory infections, as well as associated mechanisms. Collectively, the available literature indicates that moderate exercise improves immune function and risk for upper respiratory infections in both sexes. In contrast, prolonged and high-intensity exercise temporarily impairs immune responses and upper respiratory infection risk at a higher degree in females than males. Therefore, moderate exercise and activity may enhance immune function regardless of sex, whereas prolonged and high-intensity exercise temporarily impairs immune responses, predominantly in females more than their male counterparts.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10307281
D. Mannino
THE 2023 American Thoracic Society (ATS) international conference was held in Washington, D.C., USA, from May 20–24, 2023. The conference, which was nearly back to full strength after 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, had over 13,000 attendees, and featured over 200 sessions that dealt with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in some capacity. These sessions ranged from poster presentations to mini symposia to plenary sessions, and almost every other option available at the conference. Topics ranged from basic science and mechanisms to risk factors, epidemiology, and results of important clinical trials. This review will focus on some of the more impactful presentations at the meeting.
{"title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the 2023 American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference","authors":"D. Mannino","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10307281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10307281","url":null,"abstract":"THE 2023 American Thoracic Society (ATS) international conference was held in Washington, D.C., USA, from May 20–24, 2023. The conference, which was nearly back to full strength after 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, had over 13,000 attendees, and featured over 200 sessions that dealt with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in some capacity. These sessions ranged from poster presentations to mini symposia to plenary sessions, and almost every other option available at the conference. Topics ranged from basic science and mechanisms to risk factors, epidemiology, and results of important clinical trials. This review will focus on some of the more impactful presentations at the meeting.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127888943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10300085
Natasha Meunier-McVey
AN ENGAGING session on the newly revised American Thoracic Society (ATS) Clinical Practice Guidelines: Clinical Practice on The Cutting Edge focused on key updates to the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) guidelines. The session was a workshop report defining pulmonary rehabilitation, and a technical statement on the measurement of lung volumes. Presented at the Annual ATS International Conference on May 22, 2023, the session, chaired by Mark L. Metersky, Professor of Medicine and Associate Chief of Service, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA, delved into how evidence is used to inform diagnostic and treatment recommendations.
关于新修订的美国胸科学会(ATS)临床实践指南:前沿临床实践的引人入胜的会议重点关注特发性肺纤维化(IPF)指南的关键更新。会议是一份定义肺康复的研讨会报告，以及一份关于肺体积测量的技术声明。在2023年5月22日举行的ATS年度国际会议上，该会议由美国康涅狄格州法明顿市康涅狄格大学医学院医学教授兼服务副主任Mark L. Metersky主持，深入研究了如何使用证据来告知诊断和治疗建议。
{"title":"American Thoracic Society (ATS) Clinical Practice Guidelines: Clinical Practice on The Cutting Edge","authors":"Natasha Meunier-McVey","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10300085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10300085","url":null,"abstract":"AN ENGAGING session on the newly revised American Thoracic Society (ATS) Clinical Practice Guidelines: Clinical Practice on The Cutting Edge focused on key updates to the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) guidelines. The session was a workshop report defining pulmonary rehabilitation, and a technical statement on the measurement of lung volumes. Presented at the Annual ATS International Conference on May 22, 2023, the session, chaired by Mark L. Metersky, Professor of Medicine and Associate Chief of Service, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA, delved into how evidence is used to inform diagnostic and treatment recommendations.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"57 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114562743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10307650
Robin Stannard
IN A highly current, relevant, and consequential keynote lecture at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference 2023, Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA, delved into the pervasive disparities in health equity that are seen both in the USA and across the globe. Pérez-Stable focused their lecture on the need for standardized measures and data sets to increase understanding of the socioeconomic factors that contribute to medical disparities. Using clinical examples of tobacco use behavior, asthma epidemiology, lung cancer management, and diversity of medical professionals, Pérez-Stable delved into the nuanced and significant challenge of health disparities.
在2023年美国胸科学会(ATS)国际会议上，美国马里兰州贝塞斯达国立卫生研究院(NIH)的Eliseo J. psamrez - stable发表了一篇最新的、相关的、重要的主题演讲，深入探讨了在美国和全球范围内普遍存在的卫生公平差距。psamrez - stable的演讲重点是需要标准化的措施和数据集，以增加对造成医疗差异的社会经济因素的理解。通过使用烟草使用行为、哮喘流行病学、肺癌管理和医疗专业人员多样性的临床实例，psamrez - stable深入研究了健康差异的细微差别和重大挑战。
{"title":"Promoting Health Equity and Reducing Medical Disparities","authors":"Robin Stannard","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10307650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10307650","url":null,"abstract":"IN A highly current, relevant, and consequential keynote lecture at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference 2023, Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA, delved into the pervasive disparities in health equity that are seen both in the USA and across the globe. Pérez-Stable focused their lecture on the need for standardized measures and data sets to increase understanding of the socioeconomic factors that contribute to medical disparities. Using clinical examples of tobacco use behavior, asthma epidemiology, lung cancer management, and diversity of medical professionals, Pérez-Stable delved into the nuanced and significant challenge of health disparities.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132227233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10305111
Debra M. Boyer
{"title":"ATS 2023 Interview: Debra M. Boyer","authors":"Debra M. Boyer","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10305111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10305111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130172285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10306567
Michelle Gong
{"title":"ATS 2023 Interview: Michelle Gong","authors":"Michelle Gong","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10306567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10306567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128569262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10302353
Noémie Fouarge
{"title":"Review of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference 2023","authors":"Noémie Fouarge","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10302353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10302353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10304417
H. Moir
Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a leading cause of hospitalizations and death worldwide, placing significant pressure on healthcare systems. In this article, two pulmonary critical care specialists explored the prevalence and global burden of viral LRTIs, focusing on recent advancements in understanding the role of dysregulated host immune response and hyper-inflammation. Specifically, they focused on the relevance of alarmin cytokines and their association with adverse patient outcomes. This article reviews the presentations delivered during an industry theater session that took place at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2023 International Conference, held in person in Washington, D.C., USA, in May 2023. The primary objective of this session was to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact and burden imposed by severe viral LRTIs. Pratik Sinha, an Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, provided valuable insights into the drivers behind the progression of viral LRTIs, which result in significant mortality and morbidity, imposing a considerable clinical burden with unmet needs. Nuala Meyer, an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, shed light on the dysregulated host immune response and hyper-inflammation triggered by viral infections, which serve as key drivers of disease progression and severe patient outcomes. Sinha also discussed the potential role of alarmin cytokines, particularly IL-33, in influencing the severity and progression of respiratory viral infection. These cytokines may also serve as pleiotropic regulators of the host immune response to viral LRTIs.
{"title":"Host Inflammatory Response in Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Friend or Foe?","authors":"H. Moir","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10304417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10304417","url":null,"abstract":"Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a leading cause of hospitalizations and death worldwide, placing significant pressure on healthcare systems. In this article, two pulmonary critical care specialists explored the prevalence and global burden of viral LRTIs, focusing on recent advancements in understanding the role of dysregulated host immune response and hyper-inflammation. Specifically, they focused on the relevance of alarmin cytokines and their association with adverse patient outcomes.\u0000\u0000This article reviews the presentations delivered during an industry theater session that took place at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2023 International Conference, held in person in Washington, D.C., USA, in May 2023. The primary objective of this session was to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact and burden imposed by severe viral LRTIs. Pratik Sinha, an Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, provided valuable insights into the drivers behind the progression of viral LRTIs, which result in significant mortality and morbidity, imposing a considerable clinical burden with unmet needs. Nuala Meyer, an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, shed light on the dysregulated host immune response and hyper-inflammation triggered by viral infections, which serve as key drivers of disease progression and severe patient outcomes. Sinha also discussed the potential role of alarmin cytokines, particularly IL-33, in influencing the severity and progression of respiratory viral infection. These cytokines may also serve as pleiotropic regulators of the host immune response to viral LRTIs.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116109650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33590/respiramj/10309570
S. Kassutto
{"title":"Interview: Stacey M. Kassutto","authors":"S. Kassutto","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10309570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10309570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127631603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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