Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income最新文献

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Trust, capabilities, confidence and basic income 信任、能力、信心和基本收入

Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income

Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.4337/9781839104855.00018

O. Kangas, Minna Ylikännö, Mikko S. Niemelä

Had John Lennon and Paul McCartney been sociologists, the title of their most famous and most referenced article might have been ‘All You Need Is Trust’. Indeed, trust is something we need in everyday life. We could not interact with others in any positive or productive manner if we did not trust them; similarly, without trust, we could not properly interact with public institutions and authorities. Mutual trust is a prerequisite for any sustainable social organization. Societies with low levels of generalised trust in fellow citizens and institutions inevitably struggle with political instability and corruption; hence, when reforming social institutions and experimenting with new social policy models, the emphasis should be placed on how to increase and maintain trust and, in a Putnamian sense, get people ‘to bowl together’ (Putnam, 2000). The academic literature has typically separated trust into two distinct forms: trust in one’s fellow citizens, also called generalised trust, and trust in institutions. Whether people trust institutions, or other people for that matter, has an effect on the functioning of society (Fukuyama, 1995, 2011; Stiglitz et al., 2018); thus, the importance of trust should not be ignored when assessing the functioning of existing national institutions or the pursuit of new policies. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, ‘trust’ is the belief that the other person is good and honest and will not cause harm, or that something is safe and reliable, while ‘confidence’ refers to the quality of being certain of one’s own abilities and plans for the future. For the purposes of our analysis, we define confidence as one’s reliance on oneself and one’s perceived ability to cope, meet future challenges, and be an influential actor in one’s own life. Even in the scientific literature, the concepts of trust and confidence are frequently used interchangeably. However, from a sociological perspective, it is useful to distinguish between the two. While they are interwoven and

如果约翰·列侬和保罗·麦卡特尼是社会学家，那么他们最著名、被引用最多的文章的标题可能就是《你所需要的就是信任》。的确，信任是我们日常生活中所需要的东西。如果我们不信任他人，我们就无法以任何积极或富有成效的方式与他人互动;同样，没有信任，我们就无法与公共机构和当局进行适当的互动。相互信任是任何可持续社会组织的先决条件。对同胞和机构的普遍信任度较低的社会，不可避免地要与政治不稳定和腐败作斗争;因此，在改革社会制度和试验新的社会政策模式时，重点应该放在如何增加和保持信任上，在普特南的意义上，让人们“一起打保龄球”(普特南，2000)。学术文献通常将信任分为两种不同的形式:对同胞的信任，也称为广义信任，以及对机构的信任。人们是否信任机构或其他人，对社会的运作有影响(Fukuyama, 1995,2011;Stiglitz et al.， 2018);因此，在评估现有国家机构的运作或推行新政策时，不应忽视信任的重要性。根据《剑桥词典》的解释，“信任”是指相信对方是善良、诚实的，不会造成伤害，或者某物是安全可靠的，而“信心”是指对自己的能力和未来的计划充满信心的品质。为了分析的目的，我们将自信定义为一个人对自己的依赖，以及一个人应对、迎接未来挑战的能力，以及在自己的生活中成为一个有影响力的演员的能力。即使在科学文献中，信任和信心的概念也经常互换使用。然而，从社会学的角度来看，区分这两者是有用的。当它们交织在一起

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引用次数: 1

The feasibility of universal basic income 全民基本收入的可行性

Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income

Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.4337/9781839104855.00022

O. Kangas

The Finnish basic income experiment is central when discussing the feasibility of the universal basic income and its status as a nationwide attempt to implement basic income on a trial basis. This chapter discusses whether the experiment increased the feasibility of the universal basic income in Finland. A typology of four factors (strategic, institutional, psychological, and behavioural) was used to assess the feasibility of the universal basic income. Regarding strategic feasibility, advocates of the universal basic income do not form a powerful discrete group. Instead, they form a diffuse group that lacks the political power and organisation to translate their advocacy into a powerful social action. When it comes to institutional feasibility, there are constraints limiting the implementation of the universal basic income and these include the Finnish social security system (in which social partners have a strong influence) and the difficulty of coordinating national-and EU-level policies. Regarding psychological feasibility, popular support for basic income depends on how we measure it and that the relatively cheap popular support that it enjoys is not strong enough to make significant changes to the prevailing discourse on social policy. Finally, in terms of behavioural feasibility, the experiment did not produce effects on employment - or at least not to a significant level - to convince decision-makers. However, universal basic income may improve recipients’ feelings of freedom, dignity, and self-determination. The conclusion is that there are serious obstacles to the political feasibility of basic income in Finland. However, the COVID-19 pandemic had neither increased nor intensified political discussions on the implementation of basic income in Finland, as it has done in many other countries. © Olli Kangas, Signe Jauhiainen, Miska Simanainen and Minna Ylikännö 2021.

芬兰的基本收入实验是讨论全民基本收入的可行性及其作为在全国范围内试行基本收入的地位的中心。本章讨论了该实验是否增加了芬兰全民基本收入的可行性。采用四个因素(战略、制度、心理和行为)的类型学来评估全民基本收入的可行性。就战略可行性而言，全民基本收入的倡导者并没有形成一个强大的独立群体。相反，他们形成了一个分散的群体，缺乏政治力量和组织，无法将他们的倡导转化为强有力的社会行动。当谈到制度可行性时，普遍基本收入的实施受到一些限制，其中包括芬兰的社会保障体系(社会伙伴在其中有很强的影响力)和协调国家和欧盟层面政策的困难。关于心理上的可行性，民众对基本收入的支持取决于我们如何衡量它，以及它所享有的相对廉价的民众支持不足以对社会政策的主流话语产生重大改变。最后，就行为可行性而言，该实验没有对就业产生影响——或者至少没有产生显著的影响——来说服决策者。然而，全民基本收入可能会改善接受者的自由、尊严和自决感。结论是，在芬兰，基本收入的政治可行性存在严重障碍。然而，与许多其他国家不同，2019冠状病毒病大流行既没有增加也没有加剧芬兰关于实施基本收入的政治讨论。©Olli Kangas, Signe Jauhiainen, Miska Simanainen和Minna Ylikännö 2021。

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引用次数: 0

Financial well-being in basic income experiment 基本收入实验中的财务福利

Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income

Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.4337/9781839104855.00016

M. Lassander, Signe Jauhiainen

引用次数: 2

Introduction to the journey of the Finnish basic income experiment 芬兰基本收入实验之旅简介

Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income

Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.4337/9781839104855.00009

O. Kangas, Signe Jauhiainen, Miska Simanainen, Minna Ylikännö

This book provides a broad picture of the Finnish basic income experiment – from the planning, through the implementation, and ending with an evaluation of the experiment – in a versatile collection of studies. The editors, together with the rest of the research group, have had the most interesting couple of years evaluating the Finnish basic income experiment. In fact, some of us have spent even more time with the experiment, by being involved in the planning phase. This has been quite a journey. to fruitful passionate

这本书提供了芬兰的基本收入实验的一个广泛的图片-从规划，通过实施，并与实验的评估结束-在一个多才多艺的研究集合。编辑们与研究小组的其他成员一起，对芬兰的基本收入实验进行了最有趣的评估。事实上，我们中的一些人甚至花了更多的时间在实验上，通过参与计划阶段。这是一段漫长的旅程。为了富有成效的激情

引用次数: 0

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