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An approach of CO2 capture technology for mitigating global warming and climate change-an overview 减缓全球变暖和气候变化的CO2捕集技术途径综述
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712870
H. Kumar, S. Ravikumar
Energy and the environment are two of the most important issues this century. More than 80 % of our energy comes from the combustion of fossil fuels, which will still remain the dominant energy source for years to come. It is agreed that carbon dioxide produced from the combustion process to be the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas leading to global warming. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have indeed increased by almost 100 ppm since their pre-industrial level, reaching 384 ppm in 2007 and still increasing with a total annual emission of over 35 Gt. Prompt global actions to resolve the CO2 crisis is therefore needed. To pursue such an action, we are urged to save energy without the unnecessary production of carbon emissions and to use energy in more efficient ways, but alternative methods to mitigate the greenhouse gas have to be considered. There is a large energy penalty in the proven technology of chemical absorption/stripping of CO2 using amine solvents. The aim in this study is to develop fast catalytic absorption/ desorption of CO2 at low temperatures using water as solvent. The naturally occurring zinc metallo-enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) can concentrate CO2 using a reversible Hydration /dehydration cycle at neutral pH and at ambient temperatures. Some tripodal complexes of zinc (II), and other metals mimic the CA catalytic process, which proceeds by hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate followed by the reverse dehydration of the bicarbonate to regenerate CO2. This Minireview highlights some recent promising research activities and their prospects in the areas of carbon capture and storage and chemical fixation of CO2 in constructing a future low-carbon global economy with reference to energy
能源和环境是本世纪最重要的两个问题。我们80%以上的能源来自化石燃料的燃烧,在未来几年里,化石燃料仍将是主要的能源来源。人们一致认为,燃烧过程中产生的二氧化碳是导致全球变暖的最重要的人为温室气体。大气二氧化碳浓度确实比工业化前水平增加了近100 ppm,在2007年达到384 ppm,并且仍在增加,年总排放量超过35亿吨。因此,需要迅速采取全球行动来解决二氧化碳危机。为了实现这一目标,我们被敦促在不产生不必要的碳排放的情况下节约能源,并以更有效的方式利用能源,但必须考虑减少温室气体排放的其他方法。在使用胺类溶剂的化学吸收/剥离CO2的成熟技术中存在很大的能量损失。本研究的目的是开发以水为溶剂的低温快速催化吸收/解吸CO2。天然存在的锌金属酶碳酸酐酶(CA)可以在中性pH和环境温度下通过可逆的水合/脱水循环浓缩二氧化碳。锌(II)和其他金属的一些三脚架配合物模拟了CA催化过程,该过程首先将CO2水化成碳酸氢盐,然后将碳酸氢盐反脱水以再生CO2。本文重点介绍了最近在碳捕集与封存和二氧化碳化学固定等领域的一些有前景的研究活动及其在构建未来低碳全球经济方面的前景
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引用次数: 3
Effect of noise on the performance of MODFET 噪声对MODFET性能的影响
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712840
V. K. Kishor Sonti, V. Kannan
In this paper, an analysis on the effect of noise on the performance of the MODFET was carried out. Here the MODFET model considered is of 0.25 × 200 um2 technology. The equivalent noise model is used and the transconductance with respect to frequency is analyzed and also the variation of the drain current with frequency is also analyzed under the influence of the noise. In this paper the work is carried out using PSPICE AD simulation software.
本文分析了噪声对调制场效应晶体管性能的影响。这里考虑的MODFET模型是0.25 × 200um2技术。采用等效噪声模型,分析了跨导与频率的关系,并分析了噪声影响下漏极电流随频率的变化。本文的工作是利用PSPICE AD仿真软件进行的。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective design optimization of three phase induction motor using Hooke and Jeeves method & GA 基于Hooke - Jeeves法和遗传算法的三相异步电动机多目标优化设计
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712879
A. Krishnamoorthy, K. Dharmalingam
Optimization of electrical machines is making trade-off between different objectives and is usually done for any one of the parameters, for example, cost, efficiency, torque and starting current associated with the system (i.e., single objective), or with more than one parameter (i.e., multi objective). Optimization process shall include, if any, the constraints imposed in the system. In the recent years, Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been successfully applied to the design optimization of electromagnetic devices and electrical machinery. In this paper, multi - objective design optimization of three phase Induction Motor (IM) is presented considering cost and efficiency as objectives. A design package has been developed for a three phase squirrel cage type IM having specifications: 5 hp, 4 - pole, 400 V, 50 Hz. delta connected. The motor design procedure consists of a system of non - linear equations which evaluates the various parameters associated in the design without violating the constraints imposed. Optimization has been carried out using a direct search method, Hooke and Jeeves method and also using GA. A combination of conventional optimization technique with GA (i.e., results obtained in Hooke and Jeeves method are fed as input data in GA process) has also been carried out. A comparative study and analysis of the end results obtained through computer simulations are presented in the paper.
电机的优化是在不同目标之间进行权衡,通常是针对任何一个参数进行的,例如,与系统相关的成本,效率,转矩和启动电流(即单一目标),或多个参数(即多目标)。优化过程应包括(如果有的话)系统所施加的约束。近年来,遗传算法已成功地应用于电磁器件和电机的设计优化中。本文以成本和效率为目标,提出了三相异步电动机的多目标优化设计问题。一个设计包已开发的三相鼠笼型IM具有规格:5马力,4极,400伏,50赫兹。δ连接。电机设计过程包括一个非线性方程系统,该系统在不违反所施加的约束的情况下评估设计中相关的各种参数。采用直接搜索法、Hooke & Jeeves法和遗传算法进行了优化。将传统的优化技术与遗传算法相结合(即将Hooke和Jeeves方法得到的结果作为遗传算法的输入数据)。本文对计算机模拟得到的最终结果进行了对比研究和分析。
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引用次数: 5
Spatial interpolation of air temperature in Himalayas 喜马拉雅地区气温的空间插值
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712803
S. Krishna kumar, M. Shashikumar, E. Sivasankar
The daily air temperature measured at few stations in Sutlej basin need to be interpolated spatially across the basin to account for spatial variability in the proposed snowmelt runoff model. GIDS algorithm combines the multiple regression and inverse-distance-squared approaches in which the inputs includes location and elevation details of the stations with reference to inverse squared distance between each station. The model was created in GIS environment and executed daily for April and May by varying the coefficients generated using MATLAB software with 30m resolution. The model contains two modules, with Kaza and Racksham as check stations. Statistical analysis result shows, according to Kaza station the percentage of error is +/− 5%. The standard deviation for both the months is 0.60 and 0.44. In case of Racksham, the percentage of error is within +/− 20%. The standard deviation for both the months is 3.4 and 1.12. Based on analysis, GIDS model was governed by the range of inputs like spatial distance, elevations and temperatures.The computed temperatures were compared with those derived using lapse rate method (LRM). On comparison GIDS produced better results than LRM. Thus the study concludes that GIDS can be used for interpolation with certain boundary conditions.
在Sutlej流域的几个站点测量的日气温需要在空间上跨流域插值,以解释所提出的融雪径流模型的空间变异性。GIDS算法结合了多元回归和距离平方反比方法,其中输入包括站点的位置和高程细节,参考每个站点之间的距离平方反比。该模型在GIS环境下创建,并在4月和5月每天执行,通过改变MATLAB软件生成的系数,分辨率为30m。该模型包含两个模块,以卡扎和拉克舍姆为检查站。统计分析结果表明,根据Kaza站,误差百分比为+/ - 5%。这两个月份的标准差分别为0.60和0.44。对于Racksham,误差百分比在+/ - 20%以内。这两个月的标准差分别为3.4和1.12。通过分析,GIDS模型受空间距离、海拔和温度等输入范围的控制。将计算的温度与递减率法(LRM)计算的温度进行了比较。相比之下,GIDS比LRM效果更好。研究表明,在一定的边界条件下,GIDS可以用于插值。
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引用次数: 0
Wireless/mobile communication Aegis taciturn 无线/移动通信宙斯盾沉默
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712847
S. Aparajith, M. L. Naarayan
“Technology does not drive change, it enables change.” The primary purpose of Technology is its implementation in day-to-day life wherein it could enhance the lifestyle as well as provide better safety and performance to its end users. The government has enforced stringent laws against usage of mobile phones while driving a vehicle. Yet, there seems to be a sense of casualness amongst our citizens towards abiding it, coupled with a belief that they can get by easily without ever being caught. This project facilitates the government to take adequate action against those who are violating these laws. An ingenious and innovative technique is required to detect the persons who are not abiding this code of conduct. Due concern must be given for both inebriated as well as cell phone usage while driving. Aegis taciturn is a device used especially for people who cling to mobile phones even while driving and bilk from laws easily. It is used to prevent texting and calling of mobile phones while driving vehicles. Also, it indicates to cops that a person is using his mobile while driving. In case of countries where there is a peccadillo for this kind of pernicious activities it would be an utilitarian device. It receives the mobile frequencies and the received signal is used to trigger the micro-controller with a glowing LED. As a result of this slightest voltage fluctuation cops would be intimated by a message with the vehicle's number plate along with the location of the vehicle with the help of GPS System.
“技术不是推动变革,而是使变革成为可能。”技术的主要目的是在日常生活中实现,其中它可以改善生活方式,并为最终用户提供更好的安全性和性能。政府实施了严格的法律,禁止开车时使用手机。然而,在我们的公民中似乎有一种随遇而安的感觉,他们相信自己可以轻松地过下去而不会被抓住。这个项目有助于政府对那些违反这些法律的人采取适当的行动。需要一种巧妙和创新的技术来发现不遵守这一行为准则的人。开车时必须注意醉酒和使用手机。“沉默宙斯盾”是专门为那些开车时也拿着手机、容易逃避法律制裁的人设计的。它是用来防止开车时发短信和打电话的。此外,它还向警察表明,一个人在开车时使用手机。在一些国家,这类有害的活动是有过失的,这将是一种功利主义的手段。它接收移动频率,接收到的信号用发光的LED触发微控制器。由于这种轻微的电压波动,警察就会收到车辆车牌的信息,以及在GPS系统的帮助下车辆的位置。
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引用次数: 0
Operation and modeling of photovoltaic power generators 光伏发电机组的运行与建模
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712890
R. Goutham Govind Raju, N. Subramaniam
A substantial increase of photovoltaic (PV) power generators installations has taken place in recent years, due to the increasing efficiency of solar cells as well as the improvements of manufacturing technology of solar panels. These generators are both grid-connected and stand-alone applications. The paper concentrates on the operation and modeling of stand-alone power systems with PV power generators, systems with PV array inverter assemblies, operating in the slave-and-master modes. These results demonstrate that simulation is an essential step in the system development process and that PV power generators constitute a valuable energy source. They have the ability to balance the energy and supply good power quality. It is demonstrated that when PV array inverters are operating in the master mode in stand-alone applications, the perform task of controlling the voltage and frequency of the power system
近年来,由于太阳能电池效率的提高以及太阳能电池板制造技术的改进,光伏(PV)发电机的安装数量大幅增加。这些发电机既有并网的,也有独立的应用。本文主要研究了以主从模式运行的光伏发电单机系统、光伏阵列逆变器组件系统的运行和建模。这些结果表明,仿真是系统开发过程中必不可少的一步,光伏发电机是一种有价值的能源。它们具有平衡能量和提供良好电能质量的能力。研究表明,光伏阵列逆变器在单机应用中处于主模式运行时,完成了控制电力系统电压和频率的任务
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引用次数: 5
Increase of earth dia causing climatic change 地球变暖导致气候变化
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712884
R. Shankar, K. Velmurugarajan, V. P. Venkatamuthu
The flying object, which is the disk shape (sphere) having rotating and non-rotating parts. This can fly at both space and atmosphere having high speed by using the modified rotary wing concept, which is the vortex created by the blade tips is also used as the thrust along with the lift produced by the blades. The additional lift also created by the disk when the blade angle of attack changes. The blades not connected in the same point and it connected in some degree in the sphere. The blades/wings attached to the iron like ring to cooperate with the high magnetic field, i.e. it rotates with the principle of magnetic levitation followed by this, and vertical takeoff and can land at any place.
有旋转和不旋转部分的圆盘状飞行物(球体)。它可以在空间和大气中高速飞行,使用改进的旋翼概念,这是由叶片尖端产生的涡流也被用作推力,以及由叶片产生的升力。当叶片迎角改变时,额外的升力也由圆盘产生。叶片不是在同一点上连接的它在一定程度上在球体上连接。叶片/机翼附着在铁状环上,配合强磁场,即以磁悬浮原理旋转,并垂直起飞,可在任何地方降落。
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引用次数: 0
Multi band microstrip patch antenna for satellite communication 卫星通信用多波段微带贴片天线
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712836
G. Jegan, A. Vimala juliet, G. Ashok kumar
A wideband micro strip patch antenna is designed for satellite communication. It achieves multi-band functionality through the array technique. The proposed antenna generates circular polarization and good radiation efficiency. The implementation of array technique provides better efficiency. It is a 2×3 array pattern with Microstrip line feed. It operates about C and X bands efficiently.
设计了一种用于卫星通信的宽带微带贴片天线。它通过阵列技术实现了多波段功能。该天线产生圆极化,具有良好的辐射效率。阵列技术的实现提供了更高的效率。这是一个2×3阵列模式与微带馈线。它有效地工作在C和X波段。
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引用次数: 11
Studies on the effect of nitrogen source and the growth of Marine microalgae algae 氮源对海洋微藻生长影响的研究
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712867
M. R. AnanadhiPadmanabhan, A. Annam Renita, S. Stanley
Marine microalgae (ChaetocerosspI) were grown in batch cultures at different nitrogen levels. Marine microalgae were grown at different nitrogen levels (0.5g/L to 1.0g/L) at 26°C in a sterile condition. Algal samples were collected when it reached its stationary phase and analysed for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate and growth rate. Addition of nitrogen source led to an increase in the biomass (from 1 to 2 g/L), protein content (38 to 46 %), carbohydrate (7 – 18 %) and lipid (20 to 45 %). At low nitrogen levels, the Marine microalgae contained a protein (42 %), lipid (55 %) and carbohydrate (11 %). The algae did not show any increase in their biomass, lipid and protein compositions, when the nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient medium was increased above 1.0 gm/L. Thus the Marine microalgae can be grown under increasing nitrogen level to yield high biomass, lipid and protein compositions.
在不同氮水平下分批培养海洋微藻(ChaetocerosspI)。在26℃的无菌条件下,在不同氮水平(0.5g/L ~ 1.0g/L)下培养海洋微藻。当藻类达到固定阶段时,收集样品,分析蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物和生长速率。氮源的添加使生物量增加1 ~ 2 g/L,蛋白质含量增加38 ~ 46%,碳水化合物含量增加7 ~ 18%,脂质含量增加20 ~ 45%。在低氮水平下,海洋微藻含有蛋白质(42%)、脂质(55%)和碳水化合物(11%)。当氮浓度增加到1.0 gm/L以上时,藻类的生物量、脂质和蛋白质组成均未增加。因此,在提高氮水平的条件下,海洋微藻可以获得较高的生物量、脂质和蛋白质组成。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis of performance of sigma delta architecture in Software Defined Radio 软件无线电中sigma delta架构的性能分析
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/RSTSCC.2010.5712826
K. Karthikeyan, N. Vasudevan
Software Defined Radio is an exciting technology of modern day communications. This provides cost effective solutions besides improving efficiency and programmability. In this paper the performance of sigma delta modulator in SDR was analyzed using matlab simulink modeling and signal to noise ratio with respect to nature of input and also the input and output waveforms were obtained.
软件无线电是一项令人兴奋的现代通信技术。除了提高效率和可编程性之外,这还提供了具有成本效益的解决方案。本文采用matlab simulink建模和信噪比对SDR中sigma δ调制器的性能进行了分析,并得到了输入输出波形。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Recent Advances in Space Technology Services and Climate Change 2010 (RSTS & CC-2010)
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