Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2024.dr.s.k.singh
Anuradha Joshi
18.02.2024 marks the day, we lost one of our most precious teacher and a mentor par excellence i.e. our favourite and revered Dr. Sushil Kumar Singh, sir. He is survived by his beloved, diligent wife Dr. Anita Singh (Obstetrician and Gynaecologist), and son Dr. Shantanu Singh (A medical graduate & an aspiring healthcare professional).
{"title":"Dr. S.K.Singh, (1957 - 2024) Professor of Physiology.","authors":"Anuradha Joshi","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.dr.s.k.singh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.dr.s.k.singh","url":null,"abstract":"18.02.2024 marks the day, we lost one of our most precious teacher and a mentor par excellence i.e. our favourite and revered Dr. Sushil Kumar Singh, sir. He is survived by his beloved, diligent wife Dr. Anita Singh (Obstetrician and Gynaecologist), and son Dr. Shantanu Singh (A medical graduate & an aspiring healthcare professional).","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Edagha, Promise E. Douglas, Aniekan I. Peter, Aquaisua N. Aquaisua, B. C. Akpan, Edelungudi I. Edagha, Moses A. Ataben
Over a decade after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) approval as the most preferred anti-malarial drug. Seven ACTs can be sourced as over-the-counter medications in most African pharmacies without prescription. A comparative neurotoxicity of these ACTs was investigated in an in vivo experimental model. Swiss mice numbering 40, weighing 18 - 26 g were allotted to eight groups (n = 5). Group 1 (normal control [NC]), received distilled water 10 mL, while groups 2 to 8 were administered (5.71 mg artesunate+amodiaquine [AA]); (19.29 mg artesunate+mefloquine [AM]); (10.36 mg artesunate+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine [ASP]); (19.29 mg artesunate+pyronaridine [APy]); (12.5 mg artemisinin+piperaquine [AP]); (15.42 mg dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine [DP]); and (8 mg artemether+lumefantrine [AL]) per kg body weights, respectively orally for 3 days, but for 2 days in group 6. Animals were sacrificed 24 hrs after last administration under ketamine anaesthesia (100 mg/kg, i.p), and excised brains were evaluated for neurochemical and neurohistological alterations. Oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione significantly (p < 0.05) increased as well as antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase in ACT-administered groups compared to NC. Neurohistology of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and cerebellum demonstrated vacuolations, neuronal hypertrophy and atrophy pyramidal, and Purkinje neurons. Immunohistochemistry with glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody demonstrated mild to mostly severe astrogliosis in the ACT-administered groups. In conclusion, oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were elevated in the order DP>APy>AP>ASP>AA>AL>AM. Together with the neurohistology, neurotoxicity were in the order DP>ASP>APy>AP>AL>AA>AM particularly in the hippocampus compared to the cerebellum. KEYWORDS: Artemisinin-based combination therapies, Cerebellum, CA1 region of the hippocampus, Neurodegeneration, Oxidative stress.
{"title":"Comparative Brain Microanatomical and Neurochemical Alterations Following the Administration of Seven Oral Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in Swiss Mice","authors":"I. Edagha, Promise E. Douglas, Aniekan I. Peter, Aquaisua N. Aquaisua, B. C. Akpan, Edelungudi I. Edagha, Moses A. Ataben","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2023.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2023.276","url":null,"abstract":"Over a decade after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) approval as the most preferred anti-malarial drug. Seven ACTs can be sourced as over-the-counter medications in most African pharmacies without prescription. A comparative neurotoxicity of these ACTs was investigated in an in vivo experimental model. Swiss mice numbering 40, weighing 18 - 26 g were allotted to eight groups (n = 5). Group 1 (normal control [NC]), received distilled water 10 mL, while groups 2 to 8 were administered (5.71 mg artesunate+amodiaquine [AA]); (19.29 mg artesunate+mefloquine [AM]); (10.36 mg artesunate+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine [ASP]); (19.29 mg artesunate+pyronaridine [APy]); (12.5 mg artemisinin+piperaquine [AP]); (15.42 mg dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine [DP]); and (8 mg artemether+lumefantrine [AL]) per kg body weights, respectively orally for 3 days, but for 2 days in group 6. Animals were sacrificed 24 hrs after last administration under ketamine anaesthesia (100 mg/kg, i.p), and excised brains were evaluated for neurochemical and neurohistological alterations. Oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione significantly (p < 0.05) increased as well as antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase in ACT-administered groups compared to NC. Neurohistology of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and cerebellum demonstrated vacuolations, neuronal hypertrophy and atrophy pyramidal, and Purkinje neurons. Immunohistochemistry with glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody demonstrated mild to mostly severe astrogliosis in the ACT-administered groups. In conclusion, oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were elevated in the order DP>APy>AP>ASP>AA>AL>AM. Together with the neurohistology, neurotoxicity were in the order DP>ASP>APy>AP>AL>AA>AM particularly in the hippocampus compared to the cerebellum. KEYWORDS: Artemisinin-based combination therapies, Cerebellum, CA1 region of the hippocampus, Neurodegeneration, Oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although femur length is the preferred method for fetal age assessment, the humerus is sometimes the right choice, especially in the second half of pregnancy. Fetal bone development significantly impacts adult bone quality and senescent bone disorders, including osteoporosis. Purpose of the study: The present study aimed to ascertain the histological changes in the human fetal humerus across the three trimesters. After the institutional ethical committee clearance and parent consent, the study was carried out on stillborn or medically terminated human fetuses from the 10th to the 32nd week of intrauterine life. Results: First trimester: The primary bone collar appeared with the primary ossification center, marked by more vascular invasion and a pool of mesenchymal cells. Trabeculations begin from the bony collar and insignificant periosteum. Second trimester: The changes showed longitudinal growth of periosteal bone towards the proximal and distal ends of the growing bone. Growth plate with distinguished zones and gradual fusion of epiphysis with growth plate were observed. Third trimester: Trabeculation number and thickness increase with calcification. Towards the third trimester, the marrow cavity with increased and prominent trabeculations is consistent. Conclusion: Understanding normal microstructural and cellular events chronologically is an ideal platform for future studies to develop cell-based or cell-targeted therapies for adult bone disorders, traumatic bone injuries, or bone engineering. KEYWORDS: Histology, Developing Bone, Humerus, Fetuses, Embryology.
{"title":"Histological Observations of the Developing Human Fetal Humerus at Different Trimesters of Pregnancy","authors":"Prasanna Lc, Managuli V, Bhat Kmr","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although femur length is the preferred method for fetal age assessment, the humerus is sometimes the right choice, especially in the second half of pregnancy. Fetal bone development significantly impacts adult bone quality and senescent bone disorders, including osteoporosis. Purpose of the study: The present study aimed to ascertain the histological changes in the human fetal humerus across the three trimesters. After the institutional ethical committee clearance and parent consent, the study was carried out on stillborn or medically terminated human fetuses from the 10th to the 32nd week of intrauterine life. Results: First trimester: The primary bone collar appeared with the primary ossification center, marked by more vascular invasion and a pool of mesenchymal cells. Trabeculations begin from the bony collar and insignificant periosteum. Second trimester: The changes showed longitudinal growth of periosteal bone towards the proximal and distal ends of the growing bone. Growth plate with distinguished zones and gradual fusion of epiphysis with growth plate were observed. Third trimester: Trabeculation number and thickness increase with calcification. Towards the third trimester, the marrow cavity with increased and prominent trabeculations is consistent. Conclusion: Understanding normal microstructural and cellular events chronologically is an ideal platform for future studies to develop cell-based or cell-targeted therapies for adult bone disorders, traumatic bone injuries, or bone engineering. KEYWORDS: Histology, Developing Bone, Humerus, Fetuses, Embryology.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"11 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fetus in fetu is a rare anomaly seen in 1 in 500,000 births. It presents as a retroperitoneal mass which may remain unnoticed till later age. We present two interesting cases of fetus in fetu (FIF), its diagnosis, treatment, and histological findings. The first case was ten-month-old male baby who presented with symptoms and was diagnosed pre-operatively as FIF, later confirmed by postoperative radiograph and histology. The second case was six-month-old female child diagnosed as having a mass suggestive of teratoma in retroperitoneum and the diagnosis of FIF was made intra and postoperatively. We conclude that FIF is a benign retroperitoneal mass having varied presentation and may be confused with teratoma. Advances in diagnostic modalities have made it possible to diagnose this condition prenatally. Surgical excision is curative with good outcome. Histology can confirm the diagnosis as it is important to differentiate FIF from teratoma which has malignant potential. KEYWORDS: Fetus In Fetu, Teratoma, Congenital Anomaly, Retroperitoneal Mass, Histology.
{"title":"Two Cases of a Rare Congenital Anomaly: Fetus in Fetu","authors":"Priya Patil, Santosh Patil, Nitin Mudiraj, Sudhakar Jadhav","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.102","url":null,"abstract":"Fetus in fetu is a rare anomaly seen in 1 in 500,000 births. It presents as a retroperitoneal mass which may remain unnoticed till later age. We present two interesting cases of fetus in fetu (FIF), its diagnosis, treatment, and histological findings. The first case was ten-month-old male baby who presented with symptoms and was diagnosed pre-operatively as FIF, later confirmed by postoperative radiograph and histology. The second case was six-month-old female child diagnosed as having a mass suggestive of teratoma in retroperitoneum and the diagnosis of FIF was made intra and postoperatively. We conclude that FIF is a benign retroperitoneal mass having varied presentation and may be confused with teratoma. Advances in diagnostic modalities have made it possible to diagnose this condition prenatally. Surgical excision is curative with good outcome. Histology can confirm the diagnosis as it is important to differentiate FIF from teratoma which has malignant potential. KEYWORDS: Fetus In Fetu, Teratoma, Congenital Anomaly, Retroperitoneal Mass, Histology.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The temporomandibular joint plays a crucial role in daily oral functions like mastication. A comprehensive understanding of the histological components of these joints proves valuable in deciphering their intricate anatomical structures. Purpose of the study: This study aimed to compare the histochemical stains of hematoxylin-eosin and Goldner's trichrome applied to a temporomandibular joint sample using the Wistar Rat as a biomodel. Results: Complete sagittal slices of murine biomodel hemicranium were evaluated and the comprehensive histological technique involved various steps, including perfusion, post-fixation, decalcification, dehydration, clarification, inclusion, cutting, staining, and assembly. The temporomandibular joint specimens were stained using H&E and Goldner's trichrome. The histological description included structures such as the external auditory canal, mandibular fossa and condyle, pterygoid muscles, joint capsule, synovial membrane, articular disc, and articular surface. Special cell types like chondrocytes and synovial cells were also identified. Conclusion: Goldner's trichrome, an underutilized technique, exhibited superior chromatic richness in differentiating the cellular and tissue components of the temporomandibular joint. KEYWORDS: histology, joint capsule, synovial membrane, temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular joint disc, trichrome stain, Wistar rats.
{"title":"Temporomandibular Joint Histology","authors":"Daniela Botero-González","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The temporomandibular joint plays a crucial role in daily oral functions like mastication. A comprehensive understanding of the histological components of these joints proves valuable in deciphering their intricate anatomical structures. Purpose of the study: This study aimed to compare the histochemical stains of hematoxylin-eosin and Goldner's trichrome applied to a temporomandibular joint sample using the Wistar Rat as a biomodel. Results: Complete sagittal slices of murine biomodel hemicranium were evaluated and the comprehensive histological technique involved various steps, including perfusion, post-fixation, decalcification, dehydration, clarification, inclusion, cutting, staining, and assembly. The temporomandibular joint specimens were stained using H&E and Goldner's trichrome. The histological description included structures such as the external auditory canal, mandibular fossa and condyle, pterygoid muscles, joint capsule, synovial membrane, articular disc, and articular surface. Special cell types like chondrocytes and synovial cells were also identified. Conclusion: Goldner's trichrome, an underutilized technique, exhibited superior chromatic richness in differentiating the cellular and tissue components of the temporomandibular joint. KEYWORDS: histology, joint capsule, synovial membrane, temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular joint disc, trichrome stain, Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The literature documents variations in the branching pattern of aortic arches. If not identified at the right time, these variations may lead to complications during cardiovascular surgeries or invasive procedures like angiography. Surgeons working around these variations must be well-oriented. Methodology: the present study was conducted on 103 formalin-fixed cadavers, and their branching pattern was noted. Results: We observed five different branching patterns in the arch of the aorta. The classical three-vessel branching pattern was noted in 70.87% of cadavers. The next common pattern was two branches arising from the arch, with the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery sharing a common origin. The left subclavian artery originated as a separate branch from the arch. Conclusion: Around 30% of Indian individuals may show variant branching patterns of the aortic arch. This should be considered during angiography, aortic instrumentation, supra-aortic thoracic, head and neck surgery, etc. This may prevent possible complications during surgeries. KEYWORDS: Embryology, Intervention, Intersegmental, Variant, Thyroglossal.
{"title":"Variations in the Branching Pattern of Aortic Arch: An Embryological Correlation","authors":"V. Anjankar, Kanchankumar Wankhede, Shital Hajare","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The literature documents variations in the branching pattern of aortic arches. If not identified at the right time, these variations may lead to complications during cardiovascular surgeries or invasive procedures like angiography. Surgeons working around these variations must be well-oriented. Methodology: the present study was conducted on 103 formalin-fixed cadavers, and their branching pattern was noted. Results: We observed five different branching patterns in the arch of the aorta. The classical three-vessel branching pattern was noted in 70.87% of cadavers. The next common pattern was two branches arising from the arch, with the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery sharing a common origin. The left subclavian artery originated as a separate branch from the arch. Conclusion: Around 30% of Indian individuals may show variant branching patterns of the aortic arch. This should be considered during angiography, aortic instrumentation, supra-aortic thoracic, head and neck surgery, etc. This may prevent possible complications during surgeries. KEYWORDS: Embryology, Intervention, Intersegmental, Variant, Thyroglossal.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Competency-based medical education (CBME) emphasizes outcome-based learning evaluation and assessment. Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is a valid, reliable, and objective tool suggested in the anatomy curriculum. OSPE modules were developed and implemented in anatomy for first-year MBBS Students, and the perception of first-year MBBS students about OSPE was studied. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 MBBS students of the 2021 admission year in the Department of Anatomy after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Feedback survey questionnaires were prepared and validated by the subject experts and MEU members to study students' perceptions of OSPE. Students' perceptions were noted on a 5-point Likert scale. Data was entered through Google Forms and analyzed. Results: 93.2% of students believed that OSPE made learning competencies easier for them. Only 13.7% of students felt that time devoted to OSPE assessment was inadequate. 79.6% of students were of the opinion that It made them confident in all aspects of addressed competencies. 88.6% of students felt that OSPE improved their ability to demonstrate knowledge and skills of addressed competencies. 88.6% of students were of the view that OSPE is a satisfactory method of assessing their capabilities as a student. 83.7% of students ' opinion was that it would help them in learning the competencies of Anatomy. In the opinion of 93.2% of students, OSPE should be a regular method of assessment. 81.8% of students agreed that OSPE was a feasible exercise. Conclusions: The study concluded that implementing OSPE as a method of assessment in Anatomy for first-year MBBS Students is feasible and acceptable. 93 percent of students believe this method makes learning competencies easier for them. KEYWORDS: OSPE, Assessment, Anatomy, Perception, Competency, Curriculum.
导言：能力本位医学教育（CBME）强调基于结果的学习评价和评估。客观结构化实践考试（OSPE）是一种有效、可靠、客观的工具，建议用于解剖学课程。我们开发了 OSPE 模块，并在一年级 MBBS 学生的解剖学课程中实施，同时研究了一年级 MBBS 学生对 OSPE 的看法。研究方法：本研究在获得机构伦理委员会批准后，对解剖学系 2021 年入学的 50 名 MBBS 学生进行了调查。为研究学生对 OSPE 的看法，我们准备了反馈调查问卷，并由学科专家和 MEU 成员进行了验证。学生的看法采用 5 点李克特量表。数据通过谷歌表格输入并进行分析。结果93.2% 的学生认为，OSPE 使他们学习能力变得更容易。只有 13.7% 的学生认为用于 OSPE 评估的时间不足。79.6%的学生认为，OSPE 使他们对解决能力问题的各个方面都充满信心。88.6%的学生认为，OSPE提高了他们展示所学知识和技能的能力。88.6%的学生认为，奥林匹克体育能力竞赛是一个令人满意的评估学生能力的方法。83.7% 的學生認為這有助他們學習解剖學的能力。93.2% 的學生認為應定期進行 OSPE。81.8%的學生認為公開分科試是可行的方法。研究结论研究得出结论，将 OSPE 作为医学学士学位一年级学生解剖学的评估方法是可行且可接受的。93%的学生认为这种方法能让他们更轻松地学习能力。关键词：OSPE；评估；解剖学；认知；能力；课程。
{"title":"Study of OSPE as a Method of Assessment in the Anatomy: Implementation and Attitude among MBBS students","authors":"V. Malik, Neeru Ghalawat, V. Garsa, G. Soni","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.113","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Competency-based medical education (CBME) emphasizes outcome-based learning evaluation and assessment. Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is a valid, reliable, and objective tool suggested in the anatomy curriculum. OSPE modules were developed and implemented in anatomy for first-year MBBS Students, and the perception of first-year MBBS students about OSPE was studied. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 MBBS students of the 2021 admission year in the Department of Anatomy after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Feedback survey questionnaires were prepared and validated by the subject experts and MEU members to study students' perceptions of OSPE. Students' perceptions were noted on a 5-point Likert scale. Data was entered through Google Forms and analyzed. Results: 93.2% of students believed that OSPE made learning competencies easier for them. Only 13.7% of students felt that time devoted to OSPE assessment was inadequate. 79.6% of students were of the opinion that It made them confident in all aspects of addressed competencies. 88.6% of students felt that OSPE improved their ability to demonstrate knowledge and skills of addressed competencies. 88.6% of students were of the view that OSPE is a satisfactory method of assessing their capabilities as a student. 83.7% of students ' opinion was that it would help them in learning the competencies of Anatomy. In the opinion of 93.2% of students, OSPE should be a regular method of assessment. 81.8% of students agreed that OSPE was a feasible exercise. Conclusions: The study concluded that implementing OSPE as a method of assessment in Anatomy for first-year MBBS Students is feasible and acceptable. 93 percent of students believe this method makes learning competencies easier for them. KEYWORDS: OSPE, Assessment, Anatomy, Perception, Competency, Curriculum.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dane Chandy, Prima Swetha D’Souza, Susie Jeyalyn David
Background: Tissue processing is an important step in histology laboratories. Routine tissue processing is time-consuming. Due to the same time factor, microwave tissue processing is now increasingly being used in many histology and pathology laboratories. Objective: To compare the time taken to process the tissues using the routine conventional and microwave methods. Methods: The study was conducted in the Histology laboratory. 100 slides (50 conventional method + 50 microwave method) were processed using both methods, sectioned, stained, and analyzed by an independent observer who was unaware of the processing method. Results: The study showed a significant decrease in processing time by the microwave method (p-value < .0001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that the time taken for dehydrating, clearing, and embedding the tissues in paraffin wax was found to be considerably lower than that taken for the conventional method of tissue processing. Chloroform was used here as a clearing agent, and it had desirable effects. KEYWORDS: Microwave tissue processing, Conventional tissue processing.
{"title":"Tissue Processing using Microwave Oven: A Boon for Histology Slide Preparation","authors":"Dane Chandy, Prima Swetha D’Souza, Susie Jeyalyn David","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tissue processing is an important step in histology laboratories. Routine tissue processing is time-consuming. Due to the same time factor, microwave tissue processing is now increasingly being used in many histology and pathology laboratories. Objective: To compare the time taken to process the tissues using the routine conventional and microwave methods. Methods: The study was conducted in the Histology laboratory. 100 slides (50 conventional method + 50 microwave method) were processed using both methods, sectioned, stained, and analyzed by an independent observer who was unaware of the processing method. Results: The study showed a significant decrease in processing time by the microwave method (p-value < .0001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that the time taken for dehydrating, clearing, and embedding the tissues in paraffin wax was found to be considerably lower than that taken for the conventional method of tissue processing. Chloroform was used here as a clearing agent, and it had desirable effects. KEYWORDS: Microwave tissue processing, Conventional tissue processing.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Velichety, Ravindra Kumar B, Yogesh D, M. Poojari, Ashok Kumar Jyothi
Background: The estimation of the foetal age at death is challenging in many ways. Therefore, determining foetal maturity is frequently a more plausible solution to the dilemma of foetal viability. In an endeavor to create a maturity spectrum, this research aims at the pattern of major sites of ossification in the foetal hand and foot bones. Materials and Methods: The onset of main ossification centers in hand and foot bones was examined in 48 foetuses between 8 weeks and 9 months gestational age. Larger foetuses of 6 to 9 months of gestation (31.0 to 45.0 CMS CH lengths) were analyzed by roentgenography and by clearing procedure. Smaller foetuses of 20 to 205 mm CR length were cleared in potassium hydroxide, stained with Alizarin Red‑S, and examined for the appearance of ossification centers in the bones of the hand and foot. Results: In this investigation, the centers were first formed in the hand bones before the foot bones, on the right side before the left, and in females before males. Ossification spreads from the radial to the ulnar side of the hand and from the tibial to the fibular side of the foot. Conclusion: Relying on both size‑related and maturity‑related information will only boost the chance of getting close to genuine age when attempting to determine the age of foetal remains. Consequently, it is advised to use as much information as possible rather than taking a simple strategy, such as depending just on body size. KEYWORDS: Alizarin Red‑S, clearing, defatting, dehydration, KOH, ossification.
{"title":"Pattern of Major Sites of Ossification in Foetal Hand and Foot Bones: Implications for Estimating Foetal Maturity","authors":"S. Velichety, Ravindra Kumar B, Yogesh D, M. Poojari, Ashok Kumar Jyothi","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2024.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2024.119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The estimation of the foetal age at death is challenging in many ways. Therefore, determining foetal maturity is frequently a more plausible solution to the dilemma of foetal viability. In an endeavor to create a maturity spectrum, this research aims at the pattern of major sites of ossification in the foetal hand and foot bones. Materials and Methods: The onset of main ossification centers in hand and foot bones was examined in 48 foetuses between 8 weeks and 9 months gestational age. Larger foetuses of 6 to 9 months of gestation (31.0 to 45.0 CMS CH lengths) were analyzed by roentgenography and by clearing procedure. Smaller foetuses of 20 to 205 mm CR length were cleared in potassium hydroxide, stained with Alizarin Red‑S, and examined for the appearance of ossification centers in the bones of the hand and foot. Results: In this investigation, the centers were first formed in the hand bones before the foot bones, on the right side before the left, and in females before males. Ossification spreads from the radial to the ulnar side of the hand and from the tibial to the fibular side of the foot. Conclusion: Relying on both size‑related and maturity‑related information will only boost the chance of getting close to genuine age when attempting to determine the age of foetal remains. Consequently, it is advised to use as much information as possible rather than taking a simple strategy, such as depending just on body size. KEYWORDS: Alizarin Red‑S, clearing, defatting, dehydration, KOH, ossification.","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the echo morphometry of the uterus in pubescent girls in Lomé and its potential relationship with essential dysmenorrhoea. Essential dysmenorrhoea, characterized by menstrual pain without identifiable causes, affects a significant portion of young women. Methodology: This was a preliminary, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study performed over six months in the anatomy laboratory of the University of Lomé (Togo), at a teaching hospital Campus and in a school in Lomé. The study was based on a convenience sample of 100 pubescent, nulligravid pupils aged between 13 and 18 years with no pelvic surgery history. Results: Dysmenorrhea was noted in 60% of cases. No abnormality of uterine shape or structure was observed. In seven percent of cases, uterine malposition’s such as retroflection and retroversion were noted. There was a statistically significant correlation between uterine retroflection and the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea. The values of the biometric parameters tended to increase in girls with dysmenorrhoea. Conclusion: To corroborate the results of the aforementioned preliminary work, a subsequent study on the same sample using a more objective means of exploration than ultrasound is necessary. KEYWORDS: Echo-Anatomy, Uterus, Dysmenorrhoea, Lomé (Togo).
{"title":"Echo-Anatomy of the Uterus of Pubescent Girls in Lomé (Togo) and its Correlation with the Occurrence of Dysmenorrhea","authors":"Sogan Ananivi, Laleye Christel Marie, Toni Kochami Wilfried, Murhabazi Emmanuel Mulume, Hounton Saturnin Emmanuel Dèdonou, Adjenou Komlanvi Victor, Hounnou Martial Gervais","doi":"10.16965/ijar.2023.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2023.233","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to examine the echo morphometry of the uterus in pubescent girls in Lomé and its potential relationship with essential dysmenorrhoea. Essential dysmenorrhoea, characterized by menstrual pain without identifiable causes, affects a significant portion of young women. Methodology: This was a preliminary, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study performed over six months in the anatomy laboratory of the University of Lomé (Togo), at a teaching hospital Campus and in a school in Lomé. The study was based on a convenience sample of 100 pubescent, nulligravid pupils aged between 13 and 18 years with no pelvic surgery history. Results: Dysmenorrhea was noted in 60% of cases. No abnormality of uterine shape or structure was observed. In seven percent of cases, uterine malposition’s such as retroflection and retroversion were noted. There was a statistically significant correlation between uterine retroflection and the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea. The values of the biometric parameters tended to increase in girls with dysmenorrhoea. Conclusion: To corroborate the results of the aforementioned preliminary work, a subsequent study on the same sample using a more objective means of exploration than ultrasound is necessary. KEYWORDS: Echo-Anatomy, Uterus, Dysmenorrhoea, Lomé (Togo).","PeriodicalId":255662,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research","volume":"11 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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