Characteristics of ion beams produced in the Mather type plasma focus (PF) were studied experimentally to apply the beam to materials processing. The plasma focus was pre-filled with H2 of 250 Pa, or mixture of H2 (270 Pa) and Ne (30 Pa). At 218 mm downstream from the top of the anode on the electrode axis, ion beam of current density ≈ 4 kA/cm2, pulse width ≈ 100 ns (FWHM) was observed when filling gas of H2 was used. The ion species and energy spectra were evaluated by a Thomson parabola spectrometer. Protons of energy in the range of 0.1-1.4 MeV were observed when PF was filled with H2. From the X-ray measurement pinch plasma column of 3-4 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length is observed and line emission of He-like and H-like K shell X-ray emissions were observed when PF was filled with mixture gas. From a particle pinhole image and an incident angle resolved proton energy spectrum ion production is found to be axial symmetry and the ion energy decreases with increasing incident angle. To evaluate the irradiation effect amorphous silicon thin films of thickness 500 nm was irradiated by the ion beam. By the X-ray diffraction measurement of the films before and after the irradiation we found that the film was poly-crystallized by the irradiation.
{"title":"Characteristics of high energy ions produced in plasma focus","authors":"K. Masugata, Y. Kawaguchi, I. Kitamura","doi":"10.1541/IEEJFMS.124.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/IEEJFMS.124.467","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics of ion beams produced in the Mather type plasma focus (PF) were studied experimentally to apply the beam to materials processing. The plasma focus was pre-filled with H2 of 250 Pa, or mixture of H2 (270 Pa) and Ne (30 Pa). At 218 mm downstream from the top of the anode on the electrode axis, ion beam of current density ≈ 4 kA/cm2, pulse width ≈ 100 ns (FWHM) was observed when filling gas of H2 was used. The ion species and energy spectra were evaluated by a Thomson parabola spectrometer. Protons of energy in the range of 0.1-1.4 MeV were observed when PF was filled with H2. From the X-ray measurement pinch plasma column of 3-4 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length is observed and line emission of He-like and H-like K shell X-ray emissions were observed when PF was filled with mixture gas. From a particle pinhole image and an incident angle resolved proton energy spectrum ion production is found to be axial symmetry and the ion energy decreases with increasing incident angle. To evaluate the irradiation effect amorphous silicon thin films of thickness 500 nm was irradiated by the ion beam. By the X-ray diffraction measurement of the films before and after the irradiation we found that the film was poly-crystallized by the irradiation.","PeriodicalId":256101,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS 2004)","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131755357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-20DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(04)01662-6
K. Masugata, Y. Shimizu, Y. Fujioka, I. Kitamura, H. Tanoue, K. Arai
{"title":"Development of bipolar-pulse accelerator for intense pulsed ion beam acceleration","authors":"K. Masugata, Y. Shimizu, Y. Fujioka, I. Kitamura, H. Tanoue, K. Arai","doi":"10.1016/S0168-9002(04)01662-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(04)01662-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256101,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS 2004)","volume":"30 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120939484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Chuaqui, R. Aliaga-Rossel, F. Veloso, C. Pavez, M. Favre, I. Mitchell, E. Wyndham
Results of new optical method of generating a precursor plasma for a shell gas embedded Z-pinch are presented. Experiments were performed on a pulse power generator using a peak current up to 150 kA with a rise time of 70 ns, 120 ns pulse length. The optical precursor plasma was generated by using a Nd-Y AG laser, 200 ml, 8 ns at 1.06 μm. Two different optical schemes were used, one consists of a combination of lenses capable of producing a hollow beam; while the other uses an axicon to generate the hollow beam. In both cases the hollow beam was focused at the cathode surface where metallic ring plasma, of either 2 or 6 mm diameter, is created. The annular preionization is created immediately before or during the first 30 ns after the line voltage is applied. The discharge was carried out in a chamber filled with hydrogen gas at 1/3 atm. Flat electrodes were used with 10 mm separation. The anode has a 6 mm diameter central hole to allow the passage of the preionizing laser. Optical diagnostics (schlieren, shadowgraphy and interferometry) were performed using the second harmonics of the same laser used to preionize. Preionizing using an axicon results in better formed hollow discharges.
{"title":"Laser initiated hollow gas-embedded Z-pinch","authors":"H. Chuaqui, R. Aliaga-Rossel, F. Veloso, C. Pavez, M. Favre, I. Mitchell, E. Wyndham","doi":"10.1063/1.1531322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1531322","url":null,"abstract":"Results of new optical method of generating a precursor plasma for a shell gas embedded Z-pinch are presented. Experiments were performed on a pulse power generator using a peak current up to 150 kA with a rise time of 70 ns, 120 ns pulse length. The optical precursor plasma was generated by using a Nd-Y AG laser, 200 ml, 8 ns at 1.06 μm. Two different optical schemes were used, one consists of a combination of lenses capable of producing a hollow beam; while the other uses an axicon to generate the hollow beam. In both cases the hollow beam was focused at the cathode surface where metallic ring plasma, of either 2 or 6 mm diameter, is created. The annular preionization is created immediately before or during the first 30 ns after the line voltage is applied. The discharge was carried out in a chamber filled with hydrogen gas at 1/3 atm. Flat electrodes were used with 10 mm separation. The anode has a 6 mm diameter central hole to allow the passage of the preionizing laser. Optical diagnostics (schlieren, shadowgraphy and interferometry) were performed using the second harmonics of the same laser used to preionize. Preionizing using an axicon results in better formed hollow discharges.","PeriodicalId":256101,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS 2004)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115141626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2001.961333
D. Rej
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will be the world's most intens!;: source of neutrons for fundamental science and industrial applications. In this paper, we review the physics requirements, design, construction, installation, and first commissioning results of the I-GeV, 1.4-MW average power RF linac for SNS. The overall project is 82 % complete, with most of the linac hardware manufactured and delivered to the SNS site. Commissioning of the first drift tube linac tanks was a success. Approximately 100 % of the beam was transmitted at full average current while achieving the emittance goal of less than 0.3 π mm-mrad.
{"title":"High-power linac for the spallation neutron source","authors":"D. Rej","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2001.961333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2001.961333","url":null,"abstract":"The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will be the world's most intens!;: source of neutrons for fundamental science and industrial applications. In this paper, we review the physics requirements, design, construction, installation, and first commissioning results of the I-GeV, 1.4-MW average power RF linac for SNS. The overall project is 82 % complete, with most of the linac hardware manufactured and delivered to the SNS site. Commissioning of the first drift tube linac tanks was a success. Approximately 100 % of the beam was transmitted at full average current while achieving the emittance goal of less than 0.3 π mm-mrad.","PeriodicalId":256101,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS 2004)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116154471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Krasik, J. Gleizer, A. Krokhmal, V. Gurovich, D. Yarmolich, J. Felsteiner, V. Gushenets
The operation features and the main physical parameters of different modifications of hollow anode (HA) plasma sources based either on multi-arc, or on magnetron-like, or on ferroelectric plasma source (FPS) ignition are described. It was found that these HA sources produce in the vicinity of the HA output grid a satisfactory unifonn plasma with a density n≈ 5×1012 cm-3. It was found that during the HA discharge the plasma acquires a positive potential of several te ns Volts. The HA with incorporated FPS demonstrated the best operation characteristics. It was found that the FPS allows reliable ignition and sustaining of the HA discharge with current amplitude Id≤1.2 kA and pulse duration ≤2×10-3 s at N2 gas pressure of ~ 10-5 Torr. During the HA discharge the density of the FPS surface plasma was found to be 8×1014 cm-3 that allows one to consider FPS as a practically unlimited electron source. In addition, the FPS allows one to decrease signiticantly the overall HA dimensions, thus providing a very compact design. All three HA modifications were used as a cathode in a diode powered by a 200 kV, 400 ns pulse. The parameters of the generated electron beam with an amplitude ≤1.5 kA and the diode characteristics are presented. It was found that the applied accelerating pulse causes a significant up to 6 kV increase of the plasma potential (φpl) inside the HA. A model that explains the electron emission from the positively charged plasma is proposed.
{"title":"Low-pressure hollow-anode plasma sources for high-current electron beam generation","authors":"Y. Krasik, J. Gleizer, A. Krokhmal, V. Gurovich, D. Yarmolich, J. Felsteiner, V. Gushenets","doi":"10.1063/1.1345503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1345503","url":null,"abstract":"The operation features and the main physical parameters of different modifications of hollow anode (HA) plasma sources based either on multi-arc, or on magnetron-like, or on ferroelectric plasma source (FPS) ignition are described. It was found that these HA sources produce in the vicinity of the HA output grid a satisfactory unifonn plasma with a density n≈ 5×1012 cm-3. It was found that during the HA discharge the plasma acquires a positive potential of several te ns Volts. The HA with incorporated FPS demonstrated the best operation characteristics. It was found that the FPS allows reliable ignition and sustaining of the HA discharge with current amplitude Id≤1.2 kA and pulse duration ≤2×10-3 s at N2 gas pressure of ~ 10-5 Torr. During the HA discharge the density of the FPS surface plasma was found to be 8×1014 cm-3 that allows one to consider FPS as a practically unlimited electron source. In addition, the FPS allows one to decrease signiticantly the overall HA dimensions, thus providing a very compact design. All three HA modifications were used as a cathode in a diode powered by a 200 kV, 400 ns pulse. The parameters of the generated electron beam with an amplitude ≤1.5 kA and the diode characteristics are presented. It was found that the applied accelerating pulse causes a significant up to 6 kV increase of the plasma potential (φpl) inside the HA. A model that explains the electron emission from the positively charged plasma is proposed.","PeriodicalId":256101,"journal":{"name":"2004 International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS 2004)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130653375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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