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Proceedings of the 1998 ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference最新文献

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On the feasibility of switched stator windings in permanent magnet motors for traction drives 牵引传动用永磁电机开关定子绕组的可行性研究
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668069
E. Nipp, E. Norberg
Today inverter-fed permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors may be considered as an alternative to squirrel cage induction motors. Higher efficiency and compactness can be achieved combined with lower inverter rating for the same output power. In this paper, two methods are considered to increase the available speed range. They are field-weakening and switched stator windings. It is evaluated how switched windings can be implemented and what influence they have on the motor design. As possible switch solutions, contactors and thyristors are examined. The resulting jerk is investigated experimentally and can be diminished sufficiently.
今天,逆变馈电永磁(PM)同步电机可以被认为是鼠笼感应电机的替代方案。更高的效率和紧凑性可以与相同输出功率的较低逆变器额定值相结合。本文考虑了两种增加可用速度范围的方法。它们是磁场弱化和开关定子绕组。评估了开关绕组如何实现以及它们对电机设计的影响。作为可能的开关解决方案,检查了接触器和晶闸管。由此产生的震动经过实验研究,可以充分减小。
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引用次数: 12
Turnstile barriers for protection of unguarded railroad crossings 保护无人看守的铁路道口的转门栅栏
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668067
A. Gorlov
This paper proposes a mechanical system against car-bomb attack for the protection of unguarded railroad crossings. In 1982, a suicide car-bomb attack destroyed the Marine Barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 240 people. Similar suicide attacks continued in the following years and triggered the present research to counteract them. The result was the invention of the turnstile barrier described in this paper. The turnstile barrier was developed and thoroughly tested in 1987-1989, to protect important buildings and other installations against possible car-bomb attack by speeding vehicles carrying highly explosive materials. In 1995 the turnstile was certified by the US Department of State as a reliable barrier against such attacks and was placed on the DOS list of certified equipment, which is available for use by architects and planners. The turnstile barrier can easily be adapted to be used as an efficient and low cost device to prevent collisions between cars and trains at unguarded railroad crossings. The same basic system is used to deflect moving vehicles that fail to stop before a railroad crossing when trains approach.
本文提出了一种针对无人值守铁路道口汽车炸弹袭击的机械防护系统。1982年,一次自杀式汽车炸弹袭击摧毁了黎巴嫩贝鲁特的海军陆战队军营,造成240人死亡。在接下来的几年里,类似的自杀式袭击继续发生,并引发了目前的研究来对抗它们。其结果是发明了本文所述的旋转门屏障。在一九八七至一九八九年,政府开发并彻底测试了这道旋转门屏障,以保护重要建筑物和其他设施,防止载有高度爆炸性物料的超速车辆可能发动汽车炸弹袭击。1995年,旋转门被美国国务院认证为抵御此类攻击的可靠屏障,并被列入DOS认证设备名单,可供建筑师和规划师使用。在无人看守的铁路道口,这种旋转门屏障可以很容易地被改造成一种高效、低成本的装置,以防止汽车和火车之间的碰撞。同样的基本系统也被用于使行驶的车辆在火车驶近铁路道口前未能停车。
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引用次数: 0
Communications based train control at MTA New York City Transit. Program background and update 基于通信的纽约大都会运输署列车控制系统。项目背景及更新
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668106
K. Mooney, N. Ghaly
This paper highlights some of the key characteristics of communications based train control (CBTC) functionality which lead to its selection as the most appropriate train control technology for New York City Transit (NYCT) to employ in its long range signal modernization program. The paper also describes the procurement methodology being pursued to develop a system supported by two or more suppliers. In 1996, NYCT retained a consultant Advanced Technology Systems Group (ATSG) to supplement its own technical expertise, particularly in the area of advanced train control technology, during the design and construction of the pilot project. During the design NYCT has continued to exchange information with other transit properties and train control industry suppliers. This paper highlights some key technical decisions. The topics addressed are the selection of single rail power frequency track circuits and 2.4 Gigahertz spread spectrum radio frequency train/wayside communications and coordination with the R-143 new car procurement. A pilot project on the Canarsie Line was advertised on October 31, 1997 as a three phase negotiated procurement. The paper concludes with a current status of the Canarsie Pilot Project.
本文重点介绍了基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)功能的一些关键特性,这些特性使其成为纽约市交通局(NYCT)在其远程信号现代化计划中采用的最合适的列车控制技术。该文件还描述了为开发由两个或更多供应商支持的系统而采用的采购方法。1996年,NYCT聘请了一家顾问公司先进技术系统集团(ATSG),以补充其在设计和建造试点项目期间的技术专长,特别是在先进列车控制技术领域。在设计期间,NYCT继续与其他运输物业和列车控制行业供应商交换信息。本文重点介绍了一些关键的技术决策。讨论的主题是单轨工频轨道电路的选择和2.4千兆赫扩频无线电频率列车/路旁通信以及与R-143新车采购的协调。1997年10月31日,加拿大线的一个试点项目作为三个阶段的谈判采购进行了宣传。本文最后介绍了加拿大试点项目的现状。
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引用次数: 5
An initial feasibility study to develop a wayside cracked railroad wheel detector 铁路车轮裂纹检测仪的初步可行性研究
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668079
D. Hackenberger, C. Lonsdale
A cooperative research effort between a major US railroad and a firm specializing in nondestructive testing equipment was conducted to determine the feasibility of finding cracks in the rim of steel railroad wheels. Wheel service failures, failure data and past efforts to find defective wheels are discussed as background information. The study found that defects machined into an actual railroad wheel rim at the tread are easily found in a laboratory setting using ultrasonic immersion bubbler probes. It was found that shear waves give better detection sensitivity than do longitudinal waves. An outline of future work plans, with a final goal of a shop and/or wayside cracked wheel detection system, is described.
美国一家主要铁路公司和一家专门从事无损检测设备的公司进行了一项合作研究,以确定在铁路钢轨轮辋上发现裂缝的可行性。车轮服务故障,故障数据和过去的努力发现缺陷车轮作为背景资料进行了讨论。研究发现,在实验室环境下,使用超声波浸没起泡器探头很容易发现加工成实际铁路轮辋的胎面缺陷。发现横波比纵波具有更好的探测灵敏度。描述了未来工作计划的大纲,最终目标是车间和/或路边车轮裂纹检测系统。
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引用次数: 9
The Long Island Rail Road Signal Strategy and its joint effort with New York City Transit on communication-based train control 长岛铁路道路信号战略及其与纽约市交通局在基于通信的列车控制方面的共同努力
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668109
V.F. Grappone, G. Hubbs
In June, 1997, MTA Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) completed its Signal Strategy, which is a 16 year, $700 Million plan to improve both the condition of its signaling and its suitability to supporting service demands. It addresses both short- and long-term issues regarding safety, reliability, cost, functionality and performance. In the long-term, the plan is heavily dependent on communication-based train control (CBTC) because of its potential benefits. Given the resultant need for the LIRR to assume an aggressive role in promoting the development of CBTC, and the MTA New York City Transit (NYCT) concurrent initiative to install it on its Canarsie Line, a joint effort was conceived to secure benefits for both MTA agencies through synergy and averting the duplication of effort. A fundamental characteristic of CBTC is its inherent capability for exchange of critical data between trains and the wayside. This characteristic will make possible expanded functionality that has not been possible previously. The preferred technical communication medium is spread spectrum radio due to its robustness, capacity and suitability to physical conditions such as site availability.
1997年6月,MTA长岛铁路(LIRR)完成了其信号策略,这是一项为期16年,耗资7亿美元的计划,旨在改善其信号状况及其对支持服务需求的适应性。它解决了关于安全性、可靠性、成本、功能和性能的短期和长期问题。从长远来看,由于其潜在的好处,该计划严重依赖基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)。考虑到LIRR在推动CBTC发展方面的积极作用,以及MTA纽约市交通局(NYCT)同时倡议在其Canarsie线上安装CBTC,我们设想了一个共同的努力,通过协同作用和避免重复工作来确保两个MTA机构的利益。CBTC的一个基本特征是其在列车和路边之间交换关键数据的固有能力。这个特性将使以前不可能实现的扩展功能成为可能。首选的技术通信媒介是扩频无线电,因为它具有鲁棒性、容量和对物理条件(如站点可用性)的适用性。
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引用次数: 1
Coordinated train control and energy management control strategies 列车协调控制与能源管理控制策略
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668103
S. P. Gordon, D. Lehrer
The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, USA, in collaboration with Hughes Aircraft Company and Harmon Industries, is in the process of developing an advanced automatic train control (AATC) system to replace the current fixed-block automatic system. In the long run, the AATC system is expected to not only allow for safe short headway operation, but also to facilitate coordinated train control and energy management. This new system will employ spread spectrum radios, installed on-board trains, at wayside locations and at control stations, to determine train locations and reliably transfer control information. Sandia National Laboratories has worked cooperatively with BART to develop a simulator of the train control and power consumption of the AATC system. They are now in the process of developing enhanced train control algorithms to supplement the safety critical controller in order to smooth out train trajectories through coordinated control of multiple trains, and to reduce energy consumption and power infrastructure requirements. The control algorithms so far considered include: (1) reducing peak power consumption to avoid voltage sags, especially during an outage or while clearing a backup; (2) rapid and smooth recovery from a backup; (3) avoiding oscillations due to train interference; (4) limiting needle peaks in power demand at substations to some specified level; (5) coasting; and (6) coordinating train movement, e.g. starts/stops and hills.
美国湾区快速交通(BART)系统与休斯飞机公司和哈蒙工业公司合作,正在开发一种先进的自动列车控制(AATC)系统,以取代目前的固定块自动系统。从长远来看,AATC系统不仅可以实现安全的短时距操作,还可以促进列车控制和能源管理的协调。这种新系统将采用扩频无线电,安装在列车上、路旁位置和控制站,以确定列车位置并可靠地传递控制信息。桑迪亚国家实验室与BART合作开发了AATC系统的列车控制和功耗模拟器。他们目前正在开发增强型列车控制算法,以补充安全关键控制器,以便通过多列列车的协调控制来平滑列车轨迹,并降低能耗和电力基础设施要求。目前考虑的控制算法包括:(1)降低峰值功耗以避免电压下降,特别是在停电或清理备用时;(2)从备份中快速平稳地恢复;(3)避免列车干扰引起的振荡;(4)将变电站的电力需求尖峰限制在规定的水平;(5)滑行;(6)协调列车运动,例如启动/停止和爬坡。
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引用次数: 67
On-board real-time railroad bearing defect detection and monitoring 车载实时铁路轴承缺陷检测与监测
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668098
W. Sneed, R.L. Smith
For several years, the Association of American Railroads (AAR) has been developing new techniques to detect defective roller bearings as part of their new generation wayside acoustic detector program. This paper reviews thermal and vibration data collected from on-board a test train used to simulate railroad revenue service conditions during the test program. The train tests were carried out by Transportation Technology Center now known as Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), a subsidiary of the AAR, at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC), Pueblo, Colorado in November 1996. Of all the bearing defect types to be detected, one of the most challenging is that of a bearing with a loose inner raceway commonly referred to as a spun cone. Normal roller bearings have "press fit" inner raceways that keep them from rotating or sliding about the axle. However, the spun cone bearing has lost its tight press fit and can slowly rotate about the axle journal axis. The spun cone bearing defect is suspected to be the cause of many of today's confirmed hot bearing setouts. This paper compares both thermal and vibration data from bearings with no internal defects to those with spun cones, broken rollers and water etched surfaces.
几年来,美国铁路协会(AAR)一直在开发新技术来检测有缺陷的滚子轴承,作为他们新一代道旁声学探测器计划的一部分。本文回顾了在测试程序中用于模拟铁路收入服务条件的测试列车上收集的热和振动数据。列车测试是在1996年11月在科罗拉多州普韦布洛的运输技术中心(TTC)进行的,现在被称为运输技术中心有限公司(TTCI), AAR的一个子公司。在所有要检测的轴承缺陷类型中,最具挑战性的是具有松散内滚道的轴承,通常称为旋转锥体。普通的滚子轴承有“压合”内滚道,使他们从旋转或滑动轴。然而,旋转圆锥轴承已经失去了其紧密的压配合,可以慢慢地围绕轴颈轴旋转。旋转锥轴承缺陷被怀疑是许多今天确认的热轴承脱落的原因。本文比较了无内部缺陷的轴承与有旋锥、破碎滚子和水蚀刻表面的轴承的热和振动数据。
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引用次数: 43
Conrail's integrated automated wayside inspection Conrail的集成自动路旁检查
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668093
P. G. Steets, Y. H. Tse
Wayside detector devices, over the years, have proven to be valuable assets to a railroad in enhancing safety and improving efficiencies. Currently, devices such as hot box detectors, dragging equipment detectors, high car detectors, wheel impact detectors have routinely prevented accidents or damages from occurring. With the advent of electronics in terms of its sophistication, capability, cost and miniaturization, a lot of interest arose to wayside devices to further improve efficiencies and reduce manual inspection requirements of freight car components. The integration of these devices between each other and their integration into the railroad maintenance system increase the potential for efficiency gains. At this juncture, Conrail has re-examined the usage of electronics and has advanced the use of technology in fault detection of freight car components. This paper gives an account of freight car failure detection devices which are currently available in service and which are being developed in 1998. Conrail's integration of some of the devices and the automation of reporting the faults and rerouting of defective cars is also presented.
多年来,路边探测器设备已被证明是铁路加强安全和提高效率的宝贵资产。目前,热箱探测器、拖拽设备探测器、高车探测器、车轮撞击探测器等设备通常可以防止事故或损害的发生。随着电子设备在复杂性、功能、成本和小型化方面的出现,许多人对路边设备产生了兴趣,以进一步提高效率并减少对货车部件的人工检查要求。将这些设备相互集成并集成到铁路维护系统中可以提高效率。在这个关键时刻,Conrail重新审视了电子设备的使用,并在货运车辆部件故障检测方面提高了技术的使用。本文介绍了1998年正在研制和使用的货车故障检测装置。介绍了Conrail对部分设备的集成以及故障报告和故障车辆改道的自动化。
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引用次数: 21
A Java-based information system for wayside sensing and control 基于java的路边传感与控制信息系统
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668095
L. Myers, M. Lovette, C. Kilgus, J.A. Giannini, D. C. Swanson, K. Reichard, M. Mahon, D. Mast
The advent of Java-based information systems is causing a new network system structure to replace the custom designed client/server architecture traditionally used at ARL/PSU for wayside sensing and control. Java applets provide the man-machine interface allowing access and control of the wayside system from multiple locations over a dedicated intranet or dial-up modems. The only user software required is a Web browser with Java providing the graphical user interface. ARL/PSU is implementing a Java-based information system in an experimental wayside rock slide detection system. To determine the location of the rock slide relative to the tracks, the sensor array provides both direction finding and range estimation. A digital signal processing board in the computer at the sensor site (wayside server) records the sensor data and performs the function of impact detection and localization. The wayside server provides a Java-based graphical display of system information on a remote PC monitor via a telephone modem.
基于java的信息系统的出现导致了一种新的网络系统结构,取代了ARL/PSU传统上用于路边传感和控制的定制设计的客户机/服务器体系结构。Java小程序提供人机界面,允许通过专用内部网或拨号调制解调器从多个位置访问和控制路旁系统。唯一需要的用户软件是一个Web浏览器,Java提供图形用户界面。ARL/PSU在一个试验性的道旁岩石滑动检测系统中实现了一个基于java的信息系统。为了确定岩石滑动相对于轨道的位置,传感器阵列提供了测向和距离估计。传感器站点(路旁服务器)计算机中的数字信号处理板记录传感器数据,并执行冲击检测和定位功能。路旁服务器通过电话调制解调器在远程PC监视器上提供基于java的系统信息图形显示。
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引用次数: 3
Electromagnetic interference issues in the specification of AC and DC propulsion systems for light rail vehicles 轻轨车辆交直流推进系统规范中的电磁干扰问题
Pub Date : 1998-04-15 DOI: 10.1109/RRCON.1998.668072
G. Joós, R. Kapila, R. Friem
Concerns about electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues are gaining more importance in the specification of propulsion equipment for light rail vehicles, as the number and complexity of switching power converters increases. EMI may adversely affect the operation of the signalling systems and the safety of the vehicle. This paper examines requirements associated with EMI and identifies the possible sources of EMI. It describes the on-board equipment and fixed installations responsible for EMI generation. Mitigation techniques are discussed.
随着开关电源变换器的数量和复杂性的增加,对电磁干扰(EMI)问题的关注在轻轨车辆推进设备的规范中变得越来越重要。电磁干扰可能对信号系统的运行和车辆的安全产生不利影响。本文研究了与电磁干扰相关的要求,并确定了电磁干扰的可能来源。它描述了产生电磁干扰的机载设备和固定装置。讨论了缓解技术。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Proceedings of the 1998 ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference
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