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Improving Moral Behaviour in the Business Use of ICT: The Potential of Positive Psychology 在信息通信技术的商业应用中提高道德行为:积极心理学的潜力
Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJCEE.2016070101
C. Grant, K. Grant
The 21st century has seen a much-increased focus on the importance of ethical behaviour in business, driven by major scandals, calls for stricter regulation and increased demands for improved governance and reporting. In parallel, there are calls for the incorporation of moral and ethical elements in business education and university accreditation bodies and schools are responding. In particular, the explosion of technology change, particularly Internet, social media and beyond have raised many challenges for individuals, organizations and legislators. However, educational responses are varied and little has been done to determine the effectiveness of what has been done. Most responses to this need to provide ethical education follow a cognitive, rule-based approach, often using case-based techniques. This can improve knowledge and understanding of ethical issues, but it may have limited influence on actual behaviour. A relatively new field-Positive Psychology --provides an alternate perspective, focusing on what is good rather than what is poor behaviour. One Positive Psychology approach, that of Appreciative Inquiry, which has not previously been used in ICT ethics education, offers a promising technique to develop improved moral attitudes and behaviour. This paper reports on a large-scale pedagogical research project that: 1 examines ethical perspectives from philosophy, psychology and pedagogy in the context of ICT professional education; 2 describes the development and multistage implementation of an ethics course in an undergraduate business ICT program delivered to more than 1,200 students; 3 discusses the formal evaluation of changes in moral attitude following a Positive Psychology intervention in the education of some 300 Business ICT students using the Defining Issues Test, Version 2 DIT2 and the IMIS Survey developed at the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility. The project results demonstrate that a well-designed applied ICT ethics course produces measureable positive changes in the ethical stances of participants and that the use of Appreciative Inquiry increases the impact of these changes. In addition to the relevance of the findings for educators they can provide guidance to those in organisations responsible for the ethical behaviour of their ICT employees.
21世纪,在重大丑闻的推动下,人们越来越关注商业道德行为的重要性,要求更严格的监管,以及对改善治理和报告的要求也越来越高。与此同时,有人呼吁将道德和伦理因素纳入商业教育,大学认证机构和商学院正在做出回应。特别是,技术变革的爆炸式增长,特别是互联网、社交媒体等,给个人、组织和立法者带来了许多挑战。然而,教育方面的反应各不相同,而且几乎没有做什么工作来确定所做工作的有效性。对这一需要提供道德教育的大多数反应遵循一种认知的、基于规则的方法,通常使用基于案例的技术。这可以提高对道德问题的认识和理解,但对实际行为的影响可能有限。一个相对较新的领域——积极心理学——提供了另一种视角,关注什么是好的行为,而不是什么是不好的行为。一种积极心理学的方法,即欣赏式探究,以前没有在ICT伦理教育中使用过,它提供了一种有前途的技术来发展改进的道德态度和行为。本文报告了一个大规模的教学研究项目:1 .在ICT专业教育的背景下,从哲学、心理学和教育学的角度审视伦理观点;2描述了一个面向1200多名学生的本科商业ICT项目的道德课程的开发和多阶段实施;第3部分讨论了在对大约300名商业信息和通信技术学生进行积极心理学干预教育后,道德态度的变化的正式评价,这些干预使用了定义问题测试第2版第2版和综合管理资料系统调查,这些调查是由计算和社会责任中心编制的。项目结果表明,设计良好的应用信息通信技术伦理课程在参与者的道德立场方面产生了可衡量的积极变化,而赞赏式调查的使用增加了这些变化的影响。除了这些发现与教育工作者的相关性之外,它们还可以为那些负责其ICT员工道德行为的组织提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Acceptability of Social Media Use in Out-of-Class Faculty-Student Engagement 社交媒体在校外师生互动中的可接受性
Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJCEE.2016070102
J. Njoroge, D. Reed, Inchul Suh, Troy J. Strader
In this exploratory study, higher education faculty perceptions regarding acceptability of social media use for out-of-class student engagement are identified. Hypotheses are developed and tested using a survey to address the impact of factors such as awareness, faculty/student relationship status, gender, academic discipline, and rank on faculty attitudes toward out-of-class social media use for student engagement. Findings indicate that faculty members are aware of social media, but use varies. Overall, they do not view social media as an important part of out-of-class engagement, but it is viewed as more acceptable for engagement with former students. In addition, faculty from Marketing and Communications disciplines and Associate/Full Professors perceive social media use to be more acceptable for student engagement when compared with their colleagues from other disciplines and lower ranks. Implications and conclusions are discussed for development of university social media usage policies and directions for future research.
在这项探索性研究中,高等教育教师对社交媒体用于课外学生参与的可接受性的看法被确定。通过一项调查,提出并测试了假设,以解决意识、教师/学生关系状况、性别、学科和教师对课外社交媒体使用对学生参与的态度排名等因素的影响。调查结果表明,教职员工都知道社交媒体,但使用情况各不相同。总的来说,他们并不认为社交媒体是课外互动的重要组成部分,但他们认为,与以前的学生互动更容易接受社交媒体。此外,与其他学科和较低级别的同事相比,市场营销和传播学科的教师以及副教授/正教授认为,社交媒体的使用对学生的参与度更容易接受。讨论了对高校社交媒体使用政策制定的启示和结论,以及未来研究的方向。
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引用次数: 2
Examining Ethical Decision Making Behavior in E-Learning Systems: A Socio-technical Analysis 检视电子学习系统中的伦理决策行为:社会技术分析
Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/IJCEE.2016070103
Richelle L. Oakley, Rahul Singh
E-learning is emerging as a way of using technology to re-create a one-on-one learning environment for numerous participants at a time and has become prevalent in the higher education arena. In addition to traditional forms of cheating, many universities currently deal with issues of students in traditional classrooms who engage in technology-facilitated cheating. The propensity for behaving unethically may be significantly greater in an e-learning system due to the lack of authority figures. Research states that when placed in a moral situation, individual behavior can be influenced by factors that are specific to the individual and factors that vary by situation. The focus of this paper is to understand the complex combination of individual and situational factors that can affect an individual’s behavioral inclinations and provide deeper insight into how ethical decision-making behaviors differ in a technology-based environment as compared to an in-person environment.
电子学习作为一种利用技术为众多参与者同时重新创建一对一学习环境的方式正在兴起,并已在高等教育领域变得普遍。除了传统形式的作弊外,许多大学目前还在处理学生在传统课堂上使用科技手段作弊的问题。在电子学习系统中,由于缺乏权威人物,不道德行为的倾向可能会显著增加。研究表明,当处于道德情境时,个人行为会受到个人特有因素和情境不同因素的影响。本文的重点是了解影响个人行为倾向的个人因素和情境因素的复杂组合,并深入了解基于技术的环境中与面对面环境中道德决策行为的差异。
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引用次数: 2
Applied or Denied?: The eLearning Experience of an Autistic, Mature-Aged University Student 申请还是拒绝?:一位自闭症成年大学生的在线学习经历
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijcee.2014040101
Jillian Downing
As universities expand so too does the diversity of students. Widening participation requires higher education providers to be responsive to the needs of all students by ensuring an accessible and engaging learning environment. Today's cohort includes an increased number of students with autism, a spectrum condition that has the potential to be either beneficial or detrimental to their success in higher education. This article reports on a mature-age student with autism who publicly announced his struggle with the eLearning environment, somewhat ironically, in the asynchronous discussion board. While eLearning offers designers and teaching staff an opportunity to adopt an applied and collaborative approach to the learning environment, for this student it created a challenging landscape dominated by steep mountains and roadblocks. What the student revealed has implications for course designers, teaching staff, and university administrators as they undertake to provide an eLearning environment that is suitable for all students, including those with autism.
随着大学的扩大,学生的多样性也在增加。扩大参与要求高等教育提供者通过确保无障碍和吸引人的学习环境来响应所有学生的需求。如今的学生群体中有越来越多的学生患有自闭症,这是一种可能对他们在高等教育中取得成功有益或有害的谱系疾病。这篇文章报道了一个患有自闭症的成年学生,他在异步讨论区公开宣布他与电子学习环境的斗争,有点讽刺的是。虽然电子学习为设计师和教学人员提供了一个采用应用和协作方法来学习环境的机会,但对于这个学生来说,它创造了一个由陡峭的山脉和路障主导的具有挑战性的景观。这名学生透露的信息对课程设计师、教学人员和大学管理者都有影响,因为他们承诺提供一个适合所有学生(包括自闭症学生)的电子学习环境。
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引用次数: 5
The Case for Universal Design for Learning in Technology Enhanced Environments 技术增强环境下学习的通用设计案例
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijcee.2014040103
S. Dinmore
This article examines the intersection of two drivers in the contemporary higher education environment. First, the increase in blended learning, propelled by advances in computing technology and the drive towards student-centred, active learning pedagogies influenced by social constructivism. Second, the need for university curriculum to become more inclusive as the sector continues to respond to the social justice and business aspects of the widening participation agenda. In response to this need for effectively designed blended pedagogies in technology-rich physical and online environments and the need to design for inclusion, this article argues for the adoption of the principles of Universal Design for Learning to be used in curriculum design and development. Not only is an implementation of Universal Design for Learning easier in a technology-rich learning environment, it is the ethical responsibility of universities to provide accessible curriculum as they seek to attract and retain more students through pathways and equity programs.
本文考察了当代高等教育环境中两个驱动因素的交集。首先,在计算机技术的进步和社会建构主义影响下,以学生为中心的主动学习教学法的推动下,混合式学习的增加。其次,大学课程需要变得更具包容性,因为该部门继续响应社会正义和不断扩大的参与议程的商业方面。为了回应在技术丰富的物理和在线环境中有效设计混合教学法的需求,以及为包容性设计的需求,本文主张在课程设计和开发中采用通用学习设计原则。在一个技术丰富的学习环境中,通用学习设计的实施不仅更容易,而且大学在寻求通过途径和公平项目吸引和留住更多学生的过程中,提供可访问的课程是大学的道德责任。
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引用次数: 14
Connecting Learners or Isolating Individuals?: The Social Justice Frames in the Cyber Charter Schools in Pennsylvania 连接学习者还是孤立个体?:宾夕法尼亚州网络特许学校的社会正义框架
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijcee.2014040104
Bryan A. Mann, Nikolaus J. Barkauskas
Cyber charter schools are online schools that deliver educational content to students in Kindergarten through 12th grade. These programs provide the entire schooling experience through remote access to a virtual learning environment. Since cyber charters are a new educational platform, there is limited scholarly research discerning if they promote or detract from social justice in education. In mainstream dialogue, supporters hail cyber charters as providers of a quality education to students dissatisfied by their traditional school settings. For opponents, the schools are framed as providers of inadequate academic outcomes with a lack of social opportunity. To synthesize these disparate arguments, the authors examine Pennsylvania cyber charter website content and news stories in the popular press. The authors then discuss how these arguments relate to a social justice framework, considering potential implications for both Pennsylvania and outside entities who may wish to implement cyber charter schools in their local context.
网络特许学校是为从幼儿园到12年级的学生提供教育内容的在线学校。这些程序通过远程访问虚拟学习环境提供整个学校教育体验。由于网络宪章是一种新的教育平台,因此对其是否促进或损害教育中的社会正义的学术研究有限。在主流对话中,支持者称赞网络特许学校为对传统学校环境不满的学生提供了优质教育。对于反对者来说,学校被定义为提供不充分的学术成果,缺乏社会机会。为了综合这些不同的观点,作者研究了宾夕法尼亚网络宪章网站的内容和大众媒体的新闻报道。然后,作者讨论了这些论点如何与社会正义框架联系起来,考虑到宾夕法尼亚州和外部实体可能希望在当地环境中实施网络特许学校的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 9
Feeling Connected: A Sense of Belonging and Social Presence in an Online Community of Learners 联系感:学习者在线社区中的归属感和社会存在感
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijcee.2014040102
S. Archard
A sense of belonging is an integral feature of an online community of learners OCL. This article explores the ways in which digital technologies in an online teacher education programme can facilitate social presence and in turn nurture a sense of belonging in an OCL. A sense of belonging can lower attrition rates in distance programmes that attract learners who are marginalised from on campus education. This can help address issues of social justice by supporting equitable access and participation in higher education. Findings from a qualitative case study indicate the power that digital technologies can have in facilitating social presence and a sense of belonging in an OCL. This study identifies the importance of several factors in this. Firstly, the importance of pedagogical understandings that digital technologies have different affordances in nurturing an OCL, and secondly, that each participant had a different perspective on the affordances of each digital technology in their usefulness for fostering social presence and a sense of belonging.
归属感是OCL学习者在线社区的一个重要特征。本文探讨了在线教师教育计划中的数字技术如何促进社会存在,进而培养对OCL的归属感。归属感可以降低远程课程的流失率,这些课程吸引的是被校园教育边缘化的学习者。这可以通过支持公平获得和参与高等教育来帮助解决社会正义问题。一项定性案例研究的结果表明,数字技术在促进OCL中的社会存在感和归属感方面具有强大的力量。这项研究确定了其中几个因素的重要性。首先,教学理解的重要性,即数字技术在培养OCL方面具有不同的启示;其次,每个参与者对每种数字技术在培养社会存在感和归属感方面的有用性有不同的看法。
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引用次数: 9
Responding to Hate Speech on Social Media: A Class Leads a Student Movement 回应社交媒体上的仇恨言论:一个班级领导学生运动
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijcee.2012100103
Molly B. Pepper, Adriane Leithauser, Peggy Sue Loroz, B. Steverson
In the Spring of 2012, fans of the Gonzaga University basketball team used hate speech on social media site Twitter to express their frustration at losing a game to the Brigham Young University team. In response, the students in the Hate Studies in Business course started a student-led movement to "Take the Hate Out of Hoops." The students applied their lessons in virtue ethics and leveraged the experiential structure of the course to create a positive response to a negative event. It was through the unique study of hate, the recognition that membership in a community implies responsibility for harms perpetuated by that community, and the action-oriented nature of this class that students were moved to respond to this instance of injustice. This paper describes the course, the incident of hate speech, the students' response, and the lessons learned by the four instructors of the course.
2012年春天,冈萨加大学篮球队的球迷在社交媒体网站推特上发表仇恨言论,表达他们输给杨百翰大学篮球队的沮丧情绪。作为回应,“商业仇恨研究”课程的学生发起了一场以学生为主导的“把仇恨从篮球中剔除”运动。学生们运用他们所学的美德伦理课程,并利用课程的经验结构来创造对负面事件的积极反应。正是通过对仇恨的独特研究,认识到一个社区的成员意味着对该社区造成的伤害负责,以及这门课以行动为导向的性质,学生们才受到感动,对这种不公正的情况做出了回应。本文描述了这门课,仇恨言论事件,学生的反应,以及这门课的四位老师所学到的教训。
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引用次数: 5
Best Practices for the Design and Development of Ethical Learning Video Games 道德学习类电子游戏设计与开发的最佳实践
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijcee.2012100101
R. McDaniel, S. Fiore
This article builds upon earlier research McDaniel & Fiore, 2010 in which the authors presented case studies focused on the design and development of two original ethical learning video games. Through this case study and a review of relevant literature, the authors explored the content creation of, and theoretical rationale for, the design and development of ethics games. Both games were geared toward an undergraduate student audience as casual learning games to be completed in a few hours of gameplay. To update and expand this original work, the authors reviewed contemporary research on identity, cognition, and self in relation to video game environments as well as literature dealing more specifically with ethics and video games. From this literature base and their applied design experiences, the authors offer ten guidelines as best practices to follow for aspiring ethics game developers.
本文建立在McDaniel & Fiore(2010)的早期研究基础之上,在该研究中,作者介绍了两款原创道德学习电子游戏的设计和开发案例。通过案例研究和相关文献回顾,作者探讨了道德游戏设计和开发的内容创造和理论基础。这两款游戏都是面向大学生的休闲学习游戏,玩家可以在几个小时内完成游戏。为了更新和扩展这一原创作品,作者回顾了与电子游戏环境有关的身份、认知和自我的当代研究,以及更具体地处理伦理和电子游戏的文献。根据这些文献和他们的应用设计经验,作者为有抱负的道德游戏开发者提供了10条最佳实践指南。
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引用次数: 11
Eradicating World Poverty Requires More than Facebook Likes: The Academic Commitment to Educate Socially Responsible Leaders 消除世界贫困需要更多的Facebook点赞:教育社会负责任的领导者的学术承诺
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijcee.2012100104
M. Tavanti
What are the principles and practices that academic management programs need to educate Millennials on social responsibility and sustainability? What can universities do to instruct managers to solve complex ethical problems such as world poverty? The article suggests theoretical and practical insights for higher education management programs based on the principles and practices of developing socially responsible leaders. Through a review of The Principles of Responsible Management Education PRME, the research invites academics and institutions to commit toward business ethics and poverty alleviation. The author suggests how the process of adopting the principles and developing appropriate educational opportunities in line with these principles provides a space for ethical education for current generations. Participating academic institutions enter into a network of scholars and programs acting as positive agents for world benefit. The current world challenges of poverty, ethics and sustainability require committed academic institutions and rooted in the principles and practices of social and global responsibility for the 21st century.
学术管理项目需要哪些原则和实践来教育千禧一代的社会责任和可持续发展?大学能做些什么来指导管理者解决复杂的伦理问题,比如世界贫困?基于培养社会责任领导者的原则和实践,本文提出了高等教育管理课程的理论和实践见解。通过对《负责任管理教育原则》的审查,本研究邀请学术界和机构致力于商业道德和减轻贫困。作者认为,在遵循这些原则并发展适当的教育机会的过程中,如何为当代人提供道德教育的空间。参与的学术机构进入了一个学者和项目的网络,作为世界利益的积极代理人。当今世界对贫困、道德和可持续性的挑战要求学术机构致力于21世纪社会和全球责任的原则和实践。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Int. J. Cyber Ethics Educ.
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