Due to their long effective air gaps, permanent magnet motors tend to have low inductance. The use of ironless stator structure in present high power PM motors (several tens of kWs) reduces the inductance even further (<100 /spl mu/H). This low inductance imposes stringent current regulation demands for the inverter to obtain acceptable current ripple. An analysis of the current ripple for these low inductance brushless PM motors shows that a standard inverter with the most commonly used IGBT switching devices cannot meet the current regulation demands and will produce unacceptable current ripples due to the IGBT's limited switching frequency. This paper introduces a new multilevel DC link inverter, which can dramatically reduce the current ripple for brushless PM motor drives. The operating principle and design guidelines are included.
{"title":"Multilevel DC link inverter for brushless permanent magnet motors with very low inductance","authors":"G. Su, D. Adams","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955549","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their long effective air gaps, permanent magnet motors tend to have low inductance. The use of ironless stator structure in present high power PM motors (several tens of kWs) reduces the inductance even further (<100 /spl mu/H). This low inductance imposes stringent current regulation demands for the inverter to obtain acceptable current ripple. An analysis of the current ripple for these low inductance brushless PM motors shows that a standard inverter with the most commonly used IGBT switching devices cannot meet the current regulation demands and will produce unacceptable current ripples due to the IGBT's limited switching frequency. This paper introduces a new multilevel DC link inverter, which can dramatically reduce the current ripple for brushless PM motor drives. The operating principle and design guidelines are included.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124172102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decomposition performance of dilute (100-1000 ppm) trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated in air by using nonthermal plasma processing combined with catalyst or indirect plasma processing was newly studied. Some catalysts, such as vanadium oxide (V/sub 2/O/sub 5/) or tungsten oxide (WO/sub 3/), improve decomposition performance but byproducts by that process must be confirmed. Indirect plasma processing (plasma processed pure air is mixed with TCE contaminated air) suggests the existence of very active oxidation radicals after the plasma process whose generation is strongly related with the existence of oxygen molecules. The lifetime of that radical is about a few minutes but details are not yet clear.
{"title":"Decomposition of dilute trichloroethylene by nonthermal plasma processing-catalyst and ozone effect","authors":"T. Oda, K. Yamaji, T. Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955498","url":null,"abstract":"Decomposition performance of dilute (100-1000 ppm) trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated in air by using nonthermal plasma processing combined with catalyst or indirect plasma processing was newly studied. Some catalysts, such as vanadium oxide (V/sub 2/O/sub 5/) or tungsten oxide (WO/sub 3/), improve decomposition performance but byproducts by that process must be confirmed. Indirect plasma processing (plasma processed pure air is mixed with TCE contaminated air) suggests the existence of very active oxidation radicals after the plasma process whose generation is strongly related with the existence of oxygen molecules. The lifetime of that radical is about a few minutes but details are not yet clear.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124287040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to present a new modelling technique of nonsymmetrical induction machine using a spectral approach for electrical and magnetic variables. It is based on the decomposition of the stator voltage and the stator current in a finite series of harmonics. For one harmonic present in both voltage and current, the model gives a dedicated impedance branch. For one harmonic in the current only, the model gives a specific current source. By neglecting saturation, the linear model gives an equivalent circuit with only voltage sources, current sources and impedances without any symmetry in the different phases. The parameters can be computed using only fast Fourier transform (FFT) of stator voltage and current. The application of this new technique has been performed for parameter determination of a three-phase 0.12 kW, 220 V/380 V, 50 Hz, 2 poles induction machine.
{"title":"A new model for three-phase induction machine diagnosis using a simplified spectral approach","authors":"G. Capolino, H. Henao","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955743","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present a new modelling technique of nonsymmetrical induction machine using a spectral approach for electrical and magnetic variables. It is based on the decomposition of the stator voltage and the stator current in a finite series of harmonics. For one harmonic present in both voltage and current, the model gives a dedicated impedance branch. For one harmonic in the current only, the model gives a specific current source. By neglecting saturation, the linear model gives an equivalent circuit with only voltage sources, current sources and impedances without any symmetry in the different phases. The parameters can be computed using only fast Fourier transform (FFT) of stator voltage and current. The application of this new technique has been performed for parameter determination of a three-phase 0.12 kW, 220 V/380 V, 50 Hz, 2 poles induction machine.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116697356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floating metal objects, such as microelectronic devices are charged very easily under movement conditions in the static field instead of a static state (stop). The induced charge is assumed to be a same polarity in any part of metal object. According to a series of charge/discharge experiment, the magnitude of the induced charge is depending on 2 major parameters. They are: (1) relative velocity (v); and (2) static field gradient (dE/dx). To explain these phenomena, a unipolar charge induction model under dynamic conditions is discussed.
{"title":"Unipolar charge induction on moving parts in static field","authors":"M. Honda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955455","url":null,"abstract":"Floating metal objects, such as microelectronic devices are charged very easily under movement conditions in the static field instead of a static state (stop). The induced charge is assumed to be a same polarity in any part of metal object. According to a series of charge/discharge experiment, the magnitude of the induced charge is depending on 2 major parameters. They are: (1) relative velocity (v); and (2) static field gradient (dE/dx). To explain these phenomena, a unipolar charge induction model under dynamic conditions is discussed.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127251174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In many cases, poorly-damped electromechanical oscillations prevent utilities from increasing power transfer over existing transmission lines. One method of improving the damping of such oscillations is to actively vary the inductive reactance of a transmission line using a controllable series compensator. This paper describes an investigation into the use of a particular inverter-based compensator for power oscillation damping. Detailed simulation results and practical measurements of a small, but representative laboratory-scale power system pre presented to demonstrate that the inverter-based compensator can successfully be used to damp the electromechanical oscillations of a generator.
{"title":"Application and analysis of a power oscillation damping scheme using a voltage source inverter","authors":"B. Rigby, N. S. Chonco, R. Harley","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955958","url":null,"abstract":"In many cases, poorly-damped electromechanical oscillations prevent utilities from increasing power transfer over existing transmission lines. One method of improving the damping of such oscillations is to actively vary the inductive reactance of a transmission line using a controllable series compensator. This paper describes an investigation into the use of a particular inverter-based compensator for power oscillation damping. Detailed simulation results and practical measurements of a small, but representative laboratory-scale power system pre presented to demonstrate that the inverter-based compensator can successfully be used to damp the electromechanical oscillations of a generator.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123809557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The probabilistic nature of the electromagnetic phenomenon that characterizes a voltage sag makes the establishment of tendencies based only upon monitoring results quite a difficult work to be done. Simulations of short circuits deterministically predict their behavior in various types and situations of possible short circuits. The results of these simulations are used to make up a database whose information can be dealt with stochastically. This allows a faster inference of the measure of voltage sag occurrences. This article describes the methodology of stochastic estimate of the quantity and characteristics of voltage sags, which may affect a range of consumers. An example is used to demonstrate the application of the methodology and its results are presented herein.
{"title":"Voltage sag stochastic estimate","authors":"M. F. Alves, V. Fonseca","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955757","url":null,"abstract":"The probabilistic nature of the electromagnetic phenomenon that characterizes a voltage sag makes the establishment of tendencies based only upon monitoring results quite a difficult work to be done. Simulations of short circuits deterministically predict their behavior in various types and situations of possible short circuits. The results of these simulations are used to make up a database whose information can be dealt with stochastically. This allows a faster inference of the measure of voltage sag occurrences. This article describes the methodology of stochastic estimate of the quantity and characteristics of voltage sags, which may affect a range of consumers. An example is used to demonstrate the application of the methodology and its results are presented herein.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125373140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NO conversion in a barrier-discharge plasma reactor with copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites (Cu-ZSM-5) is investigated. NO conversion efficiency is measured at different input powers, flow rates and initial NO concentrations. These results are shown as a combined reaction of the discharge and the catalyst by solving rate equations, O/sub 2/ concentration is an important factor for NO conversion efficiency of the catalyst. Therefore, the experimental results show that total NO conversion efficiency is related to the amount of O/sub 2/ produced from NO decomposition by discharge.
{"title":"NO conversion in barrier discharge with Cu-ZSM-5","authors":"N. Goto, S. Kudou, S. Ohyama, H. Motoyama","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955610","url":null,"abstract":"NO conversion in a barrier-discharge plasma reactor with copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites (Cu-ZSM-5) is investigated. NO conversion efficiency is measured at different input powers, flow rates and initial NO concentrations. These results are shown as a combined reaction of the discharge and the catalyst by solving rate equations, O/sub 2/ concentration is an important factor for NO conversion efficiency of the catalyst. Therefore, the experimental results show that total NO conversion efficiency is related to the amount of O/sub 2/ produced from NO decomposition by discharge.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125382641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New device models for circuit simulation are developed for high-power thyristor-type devices, such as GTO, IGCT and MTO. These models are based on semiconductor physics, which guarantees a wide range of validity. In particular, the proposed models are based on the lumped charge approach. Coupled electrical and thermal behavior is implemented to allow transient thermal simulations. To account for the nonuniform current distribution during turn-off several of these single-cell models are connected in parallel to simulate a complete device. Simulation results are compared with measurements.
{"title":"Multi-cell circuit model for high-power thyristor-type semiconductor devices","authors":"S. Schroder, D. Detjen, R. D. De Doncker","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955736","url":null,"abstract":"New device models for circuit simulation are developed for high-power thyristor-type devices, such as GTO, IGCT and MTO. These models are based on semiconductor physics, which guarantees a wide range of validity. In particular, the proposed models are based on the lumped charge approach. Coupled electrical and thermal behavior is implemented to allow transient thermal simulations. To account for the nonuniform current distribution during turn-off several of these single-cell models are connected in parallel to simulate a complete device. Simulation results are compared with measurements.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122785347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Yuan, F. Udrea, T. Trajkovic, J. Thomson, P. Waind, P. Taylor, G. Amaratunga
This paper presents an enhanced on-state performance of a 3.3 kV Trench IGBT with a self-aligned p base. The self-aligned p base process is based on the use of a common nitride mask for trench etching and p base boron implantation and diffusion which eliminates an extra process mask. Furthermore, the self-aligned p base structure virtually suppresses the parasitic JFET effect present in high-voltage trench IGBTs and results in considerably enhanced on-state performance. Extensive numerical simulations using the MEDICI simulator have been carried out and the results show that by adopting self aligned p base process one can relieve the pressure resulted from processing very deep trenches in high-voltage trench IGBTs.
{"title":"Enhanced on-state performance trench IGBT with a self-aligned p base","authors":"X. Yuan, F. Udrea, T. Trajkovic, J. Thomson, P. Waind, P. Taylor, G. Amaratunga","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955589","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an enhanced on-state performance of a 3.3 kV Trench IGBT with a self-aligned p base. The self-aligned p base process is based on the use of a common nitride mask for trench etching and p base boron implantation and diffusion which eliminates an extra process mask. Furthermore, the self-aligned p base structure virtually suppresses the parasitic JFET effect present in high-voltage trench IGBTs and results in considerably enhanced on-state performance. Extensive numerical simulations using the MEDICI simulator have been carried out and the results show that by adopting self aligned p base process one can relieve the pressure resulted from processing very deep trenches in high-voltage trench IGBTs.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122474136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the performance of several multilevel PWM techniques for inverters, which include step modulation technique, selective harmonic elimination PWM (SHEPWM) method, and the presented virtual stage PWM technique. In general, the level number of multilevel PWM techniques decreases in order to reach low modulation indices. However, the number of eliminated harmonics differs from each other. For the same hardware and level number of PWM waveform, the presented virtual stage PWM technique is superior to other techniques for eliminating more low order harmonics and/or having lower total harmonic distortion (THD). Simulation and experimental results are presented confirming the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Investigations into the performance of multilevel PWM methods at low modulation indices","authors":"Y. Lai, Fu-San Shyu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2001.955482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2001.955482","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the performance of several multilevel PWM techniques for inverters, which include step modulation technique, selective harmonic elimination PWM (SHEPWM) method, and the presented virtual stage PWM technique. In general, the level number of multilevel PWM techniques decreases in order to reach low modulation indices. However, the number of eliminated harmonics differs from each other. For the same hardware and level number of PWM waveform, the presented virtual stage PWM technique is superior to other techniques for eliminating more low order harmonics and/or having lower total harmonic distortion (THD). Simulation and experimental results are presented confirming the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":257687,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116833474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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