Chemical reactions mostly have a dependency on catalyst concentration. Sometimes, the action of higher concentration enhances the rate very high that disrupts the product appearance and structural integrity. It is also applicable for biological material degradation. Here in this study, the degradation of rice straw biomass was executed for lignin extraction using the acid hydrolysis treatment method. This technique helps in the removal of maximum cellulosic parts like cellulose and hemicellulose by converting them into soluble sugars and remains left out lignin. It was investigated that the higher concentration of sulfuric acid as 72% v/v (80.77% w/w) caused some structural changes in chemical bonds and formed highly condensed lignin (L-72). While mild concentration of sulfuric acid 63% v/v (72.26% w/w) does not have any adverse effect on lignin structural integrity and was found as free-form lignin (L-63). The impact of condensation was observed during the depolymerization of L-72 and L-63. The depolymerization efficiency of L-72 and L-63 in alkaline medium (NaOH 1.5% and Na2S 0.5%) comparatively lesser for L-72 (34%) than L-63 (98.3%) using lignin 2 g/l.FT-IR analysis also showed the presence of CO-O-CO (anhydride) and C=C (alkenes) in condensed lignin but not found in free-form lignin. This means the structural condensation decreasing the depolymerization efficiency of lignin. Hence, it is concluded that free-form, light- brown lignin should be used for depolymerization and monolignolextraction.
{"title":"ROLE OF ACID HYDROLYSIS BEHAVIOR ON STRUCTURE AND DEPOLYMERIZATION OF LIGNIN EXTRACTED FROM RICE STRAW","authors":"Sumit Sharma, S. Sarma","doi":"10.47062/1190.0203.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0203.01","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical reactions mostly have a dependency on catalyst concentration. Sometimes, the action of higher concentration enhances the rate very high that disrupts the product appearance and structural integrity. It is also applicable for biological material degradation. Here in this study, the degradation of rice straw biomass was executed for lignin extraction using the acid hydrolysis treatment method. This technique helps in the removal of maximum cellulosic parts like cellulose and hemicellulose by converting them into soluble sugars and remains left out lignin. It was investigated that the higher concentration of sulfuric acid as 72% v/v (80.77% w/w) caused some structural changes in chemical bonds and formed highly condensed lignin (L-72). While mild concentration of sulfuric acid 63% v/v (72.26% w/w) does not have any adverse effect on lignin structural integrity and was found as free-form lignin (L-63). The impact of condensation was observed during the depolymerization of L-72 and L-63. The depolymerization efficiency of L-72 and L-63 in alkaline medium (NaOH 1.5% and Na2S 0.5%) comparatively lesser for L-72 (34%) than L-63 (98.3%) using lignin 2 g/l.FT-IR analysis also showed the presence of CO-O-CO (anhydride) and C=C (alkenes) in condensed lignin but not found in free-form lignin. This means the structural condensation decreasing the depolymerization efficiency of lignin. Hence, it is concluded that free-form, light- brown lignin should be used for depolymerization and monolignolextraction.","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132268889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF PANCHKULA CITY, HARYANA, INDIA","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0203.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0203.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125468704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF MEDICINAL IMPORTANT COLEUS FORSKOHLII BRIQ. (PATHARCHUR), UNDER SOIL-MOISTURE STRESS CONDITION","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0203.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0203.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124221000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FRACTIONS OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES TURKESTANICA EXTRACT AND THEIR ADAPTOGENIC AND IMMUNOMODULATORY POTENTIALS","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0203.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0203.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128392501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STUDIES ON CONSORTIUM OF MARINE OIL DEGRADING BACTERIA FOR DEGRADATION OF HIGH SPEED DIESEL (HSD)","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0203.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0203.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISOLATION OF FUNGUS FROM ROOTS OF WATER HYACINTH AND CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY THE MICROORGANISM FROM CARDBOARD WASTE","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0202.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0202.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128884565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EXPLORING INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL SOURCES AS PROPHYLACTIC STRATEGY AGAINST COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0202.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0202.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126743333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS STRAIN NMRL65 AN OPPORTUNISTIC HUMAN PATHOGEN FROM THE SPOILED COCONUT","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0202.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0202.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116142250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global research for biomass-based products is swelling gradually due to depletion of fossil-based raw material as well as their negative effects on the environment. The hazardous chemical processes used for production of valuable industrial chemicals are directly responsible for environmental pollution. Therefore, use of alternative renewable resources as feedstock to produce such chemicals is gaining popularity. Succinic acid (SA) is platform chemical which can be used to produce bulk industrial chemicals with huge global demand such as adipic acid, 1,4-butandiol, maleic anhydride. Non-hazardous biological fermentation process can be used to produce succinic acid, which can be further converted to these chemicals. The bio-based approach uses CO 2 as supplement during the process and it replaces fossil-based raw materials; therefore, it is environment friendly. Mostly, pure sugars or sugars derived from crop residues or lignocellulosic materials are used to produce succinic acid. However, utilization of agricultural waste aromatic compounds to produce succinic acid has not been investigated in detail and not being implemented anywhere. Lignin waste management is a problem for the cellulosic bio-refineries and finding the way for its biological utilization is still in the stage of research and development. Unlike sugar metabolism, bioconversion of aromatic compounds is relatively complicated. Interestingly, bioconversion of agricultural waste aromatic compounds could be targeted towards production of succinic acid. The purpose of the present review is to highlight this possibility.
{"title":"BIO-SUCCINIC ACID: AN ENVIRONMENTFRIENDLY PLATFORM CHEMICAL","authors":"Sumit Sharma, S. Sarma, S. Brar","doi":"10.47062/1190.0202.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0202.01","url":null,"abstract":"Global research for biomass-based products is swelling gradually due to depletion of fossil-based raw material as well as their negative effects on the environment. The hazardous chemical processes used for production of valuable industrial chemicals are directly responsible for environmental pollution. Therefore, use of alternative renewable resources as feedstock to produce such chemicals is gaining popularity. Succinic acid (SA) is platform chemical which can be used to produce bulk industrial chemicals with huge global demand such as adipic acid, 1,4-butandiol, maleic anhydride. Non-hazardous biological fermentation process can be used to produce succinic acid, which can be further converted to these chemicals. The bio-based approach uses CO 2 as supplement during the process and it replaces fossil-based raw materials; therefore, it is environment friendly. Mostly, pure sugars or sugars derived from crop residues or lignocellulosic materials are used to produce succinic acid. However, utilization of agricultural waste aromatic compounds to produce succinic acid has not been investigated in detail and not being implemented anywhere. Lignin waste management is a problem for the cellulosic bio-refineries and finding the way for its biological utilization is still in the stage of research and development. Unlike sugar metabolism, bioconversion of aromatic compounds is relatively complicated. Interestingly, bioconversion of agricultural waste aromatic compounds could be targeted towards production of succinic acid. The purpose of the present review is to highlight this possibility.","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122353090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE EXPOSURE ON HEALTH","authors":"","doi":"10.47062/1190.0401.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47062/1190.0401.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259276,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Health Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129190330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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