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Research of the Number and Installed Capacity of Solar and Wind Power Plants in Interregional and Regional Power Systems in the Russian UPS 俄罗斯UPS跨区域和区域电力系统中太阳能和风力发电厂数量和装机容量的研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655764
A. Egorov, Alena Savosina, Mariya A. Sadokhina
There is significant volumes of construction and commissioning of solar and wind power plants since 2014 in the United power system of Russia, therefore new engineering tasks are being set for Russian power engineers. Operating modesof solar and wind power plants directly depend on external uncontrollable factors - solar and wind activity. An additional feature of the planning of the wind and solar power plants operation modes is their instantaneous termination of power output in the event of the disappearance of the wind or the sun, respectively. Therefore, the termination of the power output is a “failure”, which creates an imbalance of active power in the system. To cover it, it is necessary to place active power reserves at the thermal or hydro power plants in advance, and the value of this reserve should be equal to the capacity of the largest wind and/or solar power plant. Systematic and consolidated information on the composition, quantity and installed capacity of wind and solar power plants in the United power system of Russia is not published in the public domain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish the quantity and installed capacity of wind and solar power plants, as well as to identify the most powerful wind and solar power plants in Russia.
自2014年以来,俄罗斯联合电力系统中有大量太阳能和风能发电厂的建设和调试,因此为俄罗斯电力工程师设定了新的工程任务。太阳能和风能发电厂的运行模式直接取决于外部不可控因素——太阳能和风能活动。风能和太阳能发电厂运行模式规划的另一个特点是,在风或太阳消失的情况下,它们分别瞬间终止电力输出。因此,功率输出的终止是一种“失效”,它造成了系统有功功率的不平衡。为了覆盖它,有必要提前在火电厂或水电厂设置有功电力储备,该储备的价值应等于最大的风能和/或太阳能发电厂的容量。关于俄罗斯联合电力系统中风能和太阳能发电厂的组成、数量和装机容量的系统和综合信息未在公共领域公布。因此,本研究的目的是建立风能和太阳能发电厂的数量和装机容量,并确定俄罗斯最强大的风能和太阳能发电厂。
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引用次数: 1
Induction Heating of the Large-Size Installations. Part 2. Study of the Power Supply Parameters 大型装置的感应加热。第2部分。电源参数的研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655733
F. Tarasov, E. Shmakov
The paper is concerned with numerical study of parameters of the magnetic system for induction heating of the large-size installations. The paper is included in a papers series concerning development of the installation for maintaining the specified pressing tool temperature for a long time period, more than 24 hours. Induction heating is the basic heating mechanism. Studies of the inductor parameters depending on the power frequency are presented in this section of the paper. Study of the power supply parameters is the objective of the paper. The studies were performed using numerical modeling in a three-dimensional formulation by the finite element method. The study of the frequency influence of the inductor supply on the coils resistance and the power factor in the range of 0 - 60 kHz has been carried out. Numerical results have shown that increasing the frequency leads to a linear increase in the resistance of the coils and a decrease in the power factor.
本文对大型装置感应加热磁系统参数进行了数值研究。该论文是关于长时间(超过24小时)保持规定的冲压工具温度的装置开发的一系列论文中的一篇。感应加热是最基本的加热机制。本节介绍了随工频变化的电感参数的研究。电源参数的研究是本文的目的。研究采用有限元法在三维公式中进行数值模拟。在0 ~ 60khz范围内,研究了电感电源频率对线圈电阻和功率因数的影响。数值结果表明,增加频率会导致线圈电阻线性增加,功率因数减小。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Single-End Fault Location Method 自适应单端故障定位方法
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655725
A. Fedorov, V. Petrov, Mariya Ubaseva, V. Naumov
The difficulty in using single-end traveling wave fault location is a necessity to identify the traveling wave reflected from fault among the background traveling waves, arriving at the locator installation after reflection from various electrical system discontinuities. In the known methods, the coincidence of the considered traveling wave front polarity with the first one is used as a criterion for selecting the traveling wave reflected from fault. The criterion is based on the assumption that the characteristic impedance of the electrical system adjacent to the protected power line is less than the characteristic impedance of the protected power line. In many cases, this assumption is justified, but there are examples of electrical systems in which this condition is not met. In such systems, the mentioned methods lose their performance due to incorrect criterion for selecting the traveling wave, reflected from the fault. This paper proposes an adaptive single-end traveling wave fault location method, based on taking into account the ratio of the characteristic impedance of the adjacent electrical system and characteristic impedance of the protected power line when identifying the traveling wave reflected from fault.
单端行波故障定位的难点在于必须在背景行波中识别故障反射的行波,这些行波是经过各种电力系统不连续面反射后到达定位装置的。在已知的方法中,考虑的行波前极性与第一个行波前极性的重合作为选择断层反射行波的标准。该准则是基于这样的假设:与受保护电力线相邻的电气系统的特性阻抗小于受保护电力线的特性阻抗。在许多情况下,这种假设是合理的,但也有电气系统不满足这种条件的例子。在这种系统中,由于故障反映的行波选择准则不正确,上述方法失去了性能。本文提出了一种自适应单端行波故障定位方法,该方法在识别故障反射行波时,考虑了相邻电气系统的特征阻抗与被保护线路的特征阻抗之比。
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引用次数: 0
Improving The Algorithm Of Power Station Unloading Automation In Case Of Fault 电站故障卸载自动化算法的改进
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655763
A. Osintsev, Oleg V. Tanfiliev
This article analyzes the existing methods for determining the effects of faults, which are used in starting elements for instability prevention automation. Such a starting element is the power station unloading automation in case of fault. Currently, several methods for determining the the effects of faults have been used in this automation. Algorithms by the positive-sequence active power shedding of generating units relative to the power of prefault condition are most often found in emergency control devices and have certain advantages over the method of determining the effects of faults by the positive-sequence voltage on the station bus. But even such algorithms can lead to redundancy of action adjustments. An approach is proposed to improve these algorithms in order to minimize the redundancy of them. The section “Algorithm Development” contains structure, basic principles of operation and functional diagrams of the proposed solutions. Finally, an assessment of the effect of introducing a more accurate account of the areas of stable state of power plants is given.
本文分析了现有的故障影响判定方法,用于起动元件的防失稳自动化。这种起动元件是电站发生故障时自动卸载的起动元件。目前,确定故障影响的几种方法已被用于该自动化。根据发电机组相对于故障前状态功率的正序有功功率衰减算法是应急控制装置中最常用的一种算法,与根据站母线上的正序电压判断故障影响的方法相比具有一定的优势。但即使是这样的算法也会导致动作调整的冗余。提出了一种改进算法的方法,使其冗余最小化。“算法开发”一节包含所提出的解决方案的结构、基本操作原理和功能图。最后,对引入更精确的电厂稳定区计算方法的效果进行了评价。
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引用次数: 0
Averaged Errors as a Risk Factor for Intelligent Forecasting Systems Operation in the Power Industry 平均误差作为电力工业智能预测系统运行的风险因素
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655742
A. Khalyasmaa, P. Matrenin, S. Eroshenko
The paper discusses the operational risk in intelligent systems for forecasting time series. Typically, when developing and testing regression models based on machine learning, their accuracy is calculated over a long time interval, from several months to several years, and then is averaged. However, in the real-life operation of such systems, the customer is likely to draw a conclusion about the system efficiency based on the results of the first 2–4 weeks of operation. If one or several large errors appear on this short interval, they will not be averaged as it happens over a long one. As a result, there is a risk of failure in the intelligent forecasting system implementation due to the discrepancy between the calculated mean error and that obtained over a short time period at the start of operation. This study considers the problem of solar power plant generation short-term forecasting, analyzes the distribution of errors over short time periods, and substantiates the need to use more detailed accuracy metrics of machine learning models than the error values averaged over a long interval.
本文讨论了时间序列预测智能系统中的操作风险问题。通常,在开发和测试基于机器学习的回归模型时,它们的准确性是在很长一段时间间隔内计算的,从几个月到几年,然后取平均值。然而,在这些系统的实际运行中,客户很可能根据前2-4周的运行结果得出系统效率的结论。如果在这个短间隔内出现一个或几个大的错误,它们将不会像在一个长间隔内发生的那样平均。因此,由于计算的平均误差与开始运行时短时间内的平均误差存在差异,存在智能预测系统实施失败的风险。本研究考虑了太阳能发电短期预测问题,分析了短时间内误差的分布,并证实了需要使用比长时间间隔平均误差值更详细的机器学习模型精度指标。
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引用次数: 4
Automation of the Adaptive Heavy-Loaded Trajectory Identification Algorithm 自适应重载弹道识别算法的自动化
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655748
N. Batseva, V. Sukhorukov
The aim of this research is a software implementation of the adaptive heavy-loaded trajectory identification algorithm by development of the program and its testing at controlled sections of 500 kV power grid. Previously, developed algorithm of the adaptive heavy-loaded trajectory identification makes it possible to identify the heavy-loaded trajectory using a current power system digital model relatively to a current power system state. The algorithm, in calculating limited active power flows in terms of small-signal aperiodic stability and monitoring small signal aperiodic stability violation in the researched controlled section precisely, uses such criteria as voltage levels at the ends of researched and adjacent controlled sections connections, as well as normalized angles through these connections. A software implementation of the adaptive heavy-loaded trajectory identification algorithm is performed using the object-oriented programming language C# in the development environment Microsoft Visual Studio applying AstraLib library of RastrWin3 software. The program is tested at controlled section No.1, which is the part of 500 kV transit of the chain structure. Calculated values of limited active power flows manually and using the program applying the adaptive heavy-loaded trajectory identification algorithm differ by 62 MW or 2.3%, which does not exceed 5% error value. Developed “Adaptive heavy-loaded trajectory identification” program allows calculating values of limited active power flows for a current power system state automatically. A promising direction of the program development is decreasing the running time of program operation and program modification for the identification of the adaptive heavy-loaded trajectory in circular and multi-closed structures.
本研究的目的是通过程序的开发和在500kv电网控制段的测试,实现自适应重载轨迹识别算法的软件实现。以前开发的自适应重载轨迹识别算法,可以利用当前电力系统的数字模型相对于当前电力系统的状态来识别重载轨迹。该算法采用研究段与相邻控制段连接端电压电平、连接端归一化角度等判据,从小信号非周期稳定角度计算有限有功潮流,并精确监测所研究控制段小信号非周期稳定违规情况。在Microsoft Visual Studio开发环境下,利用RastrWin3软件的AstraLib库,采用面向对象编程语言c#对自适应重载轨迹识别算法进行了软件实现。该方案在1号控制段进行了试验,该控制段是链条结构的500kv过境部分。人工和应用自适应重载轨迹识别算法的程序计算的有限有功潮流值相差62 MW或2.3%,误差值不超过5%。开发了“自适应重载轨迹识别”程序,可以自动计算当前电力系统状态下的有限有功潮流值。减少程序运行时间和程序修改时间,实现圆形和多封闭结构中自适应重载轨迹的识别,是程序发展的一个有前景的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the DC/DC Boost Converter Physical Model DC/DC升压变换器物理模型的研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655751
K. Gulyamov, R. Yunusov, S. Dovudov, M. Safaraliev, A. Ghulomzoda, B. Sharifov
The paper is devoted to the design of DC/DC boost converter physical model. Circuit diagram as well as the principle of work and features of components selection for the purpose of design are presented. The recommendations to the problems related to design and assembly of boost converter and its components are given. The calculation technique and design of boost converter main parameters are presented. Detailed attention is paid to control system design which was implemented on Arduino-based Atmega microcontroller. The operational states of converter under design as the component of testing bench are analyzed. Relying upon the obtained results converter operation performance was measured. The results of a study of the assembled DC/DC boost converter in an experimental stand are presented, where its operating modes are analyzed in detail and the features of controlling a transistor key at elevated frequencies are studied. The proposed step-up converter is designed to solve the problem of providing power to various voltage levels in electrical appliances and devices using highly efficient power switches. In addition, the use of control systems based on programmable microcontrollers makes it possible to change the parameters of control signals in real time, thereby adjusting the output parameters of the converter, primarily voltage.
本文致力于DC/DC升压变换器物理模型的设计。给出了电路图、工作原理和设计选用的元器件特点。对升压变换器及其部件的设计和组装中存在的问题提出了建议。介绍了升压变换器主要参数的计算方法和设计。详细介绍了控制系统的设计,并在基于arduino的Atmega单片机上实现。对设计中的变流器作为试验台部件的运行状态进行了分析。根据所得结果,测量了转炉的运行性能。本文介绍了在实验台上组装的DC/DC升压变换器的研究结果,详细分析了其工作模式,并研究了在高频率下控制晶体管键的特点。所提出的升压转换器旨在解决使用高效功率开关为各种电压水平的电器和设备提供电源的问题。此外,使用基于可编程微控制器的控制系统,可以实时改变控制信号的参数,从而调整变换器的输出参数,主要是电压。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of the Power System Operator Company on the Urban Environment 电力系统运营公司对城市环境的影响
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655767
A. Khalyasmaa, K. Bugrov, V. Griaznov
Sustainable development of the city requires consideration of many interrelated factors, with particular attention to the city's socio-organizational and cultural institutions. This research examines how the presence of an enterprise performing the functions of the system operator of the regional power system in a city affects the status of the city, its social, technological, educational, and cultural development. The paper considers Ekaterinburg (a city in Russia), which is the capital of the Urals. One of the factors ensuring the dominance of this city and its development is the presence in Ekaterinburg of a company that provides the management of the united energy system of the region. It is “United Dispatch Control of Urals”, part of the “Russian Power System Operator” company. The functions of the system operators, both direct and indirect, are considered, such as interaction with universities and research centers, participation in educational activities, job creation. An analysis of Ekaterinburg from the point of view of the labor market, characteristics of the energy system of the Sverdlovsk region (the capital of which is Ekaterinburg) was carried out. Finally, the United Dispatch Control of Urals' influence on the social and cultural level of the city and the development of the region power system are presented.
城市的可持续发展需要考虑许多相互关联的因素,特别要注意城市的社会组织和文化机构。本研究探讨企业在城市中扮演区域电力系统营运者的角色,如何影响城市的地位,以及城市的社会、科技、教育和文化发展。本文考虑了叶卡捷琳堡(俄罗斯的一个城市),它是乌拉尔的首府。确保这座城市的主导地位及其发展的因素之一是在叶卡捷琳堡有一家公司,该公司提供该地区联合能源系统的管理。它是“乌拉尔联合调度控制”,“俄罗斯电力系统运营商”公司的一部分。考虑到系统操作者的直接和间接职能,例如与大学和研究中心的互动,参与教育活动,创造就业机会。从劳动力市场的角度分析了叶卡捷琳堡,斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区(其首都是叶卡捷琳堡)能源系统的特点。最后介绍了乌拉尔联合调度对乌拉尔城市社会文化水平和区域电力系统发展的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Energy Management System Based on a Digital Platform 基于数字平台的能源管理系统的开发
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655765
F. Nepsha, N. Shubin, Alexander A. Andrievsky, Alexey Golovin
Intelligent control systems are required to ensure the effective functioning of power grids with a large share of distributed energy resources (DERs). The goal of such systems is to integrate local energy management systems (EMSs) with external control systems such as a distributed energy resources management system (DERMS) to ensure the optimal operation of the power distribution network. To solve this problem, one of the possible approaches is the use of digital platforms. Its purpose is to provide a toolkit to reduce time-to-market for EMS. The paper discusses the digital platform architecture that allows creating an EMS at a minimal cost. The process of deployment of the control system based on a digital platform is considered in detail. To test the building energy management system (BEMS) based on the platform, the testbed was created, the architecture of which is considered and illustrated the effectiveness of the platform approach. The proposed solution allows reducing the cost and time-to-market for applied control systems and ensuring correct integration with external control systems such as DERMS.
为了保证具有大量分布式能源的电网的有效运行,需要智能控制系统。此类系统的目标是将本地能源管理系统(ems)与分布式能源管理系统(DERMS)等外部控制系统集成在一起,以确保配电网的最佳运行。要解决这个问题,一个可能的方法是使用数字平台。其目的是提供一个工具包,以缩短EMS的上市时间。本文讨论了以最小成本创建EMS的数字平台体系结构。详细讨论了基于数字平台的控制系统的部署过程。为了对基于该平台的建筑能源管理系统(BEMS)进行测试,搭建了试验台,并对试验台的结构进行了分析,验证了平台方法的有效性。提出的解决方案可以降低应用控制系统的成本和上市时间,并确保与外部控制系统(如DERMS)的正确集成。
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引用次数: 0
The Prospects of Distributed Generation in Russia 分布式发电在俄罗斯的前景
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/USSEC53120.2021.9655766
Y. Zatsarinnaya, R. Gainullin, E. Rep'ev, A. Bramm
According to the trends influence, electricity consumption and the load on the energy system are constantly increasing, and requirements for power quality, reliability and its infrastructure are being raised. The introduction of renewable energy sources, digital financial technologies and hence distributed generation leads to the power industry transformation. That is essential in order to meet these abovementioned requirements. Distributed energy is a modern trend and the key to ensuring stable technological progress in the Russian Federation. The authors of the paper considered three scenarios for the development of distributed generation in Russia. The implementation of renewable energy sources in Russia is illustrated in the example of power supplying of remote residential customers with the wind-diesel power station. On the basis of the study, there are proposed tools to support and stimulate the distributed generation development and recommendations for the legal regulation of the fuel and energy complex for Russia.
受趋势影响,能源系统的用电量和负荷不断增加,对电能质量、可靠性及其基础设施的要求也不断提高。可再生能源、数字金融技术以及分布式发电的引入导致了电力行业的转型。这对于满足上述要求是至关重要的。分布式能源是一种现代趋势,也是确保俄罗斯联邦稳定技术进步的关键。本文的作者考虑了俄罗斯分布式发电发展的三种情景。在俄罗斯,可再生能源的实施以风力柴油发电站向偏远居民供电为例进行说明。在研究的基础上,提出了支持和刺激分布式发电发展的工具,并对俄罗斯燃料和能源综合体的法律监管提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2021 Ural-Siberian Smart Energy Conference (USSEC)
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