Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.36.007
Wojciech Ejsmond, Marta Kaczanowicz
While relatively much is known of Gebelein in the second and third millennia BCE, as well as the Ptolemaic times, the role of the town of Per-Hathor and its surrounding in the Third Intermediate (c. 1076–747 BCE) and Late (c. 747–332 BCE) periods remains largely obscure. The aim of this paper is to examine the existing sources pertaining to the history of Gebelein with the particular focus on state activities in the area, diachronic changes in settlement pattern and sacral topography, as well as funerary landscape in the first three-quarters of first millennium BCE and analyse the available information in a regional context. For this, published and unpublished records are utilised, together with the results of the current field prospection in Gebelein.
{"title":"The Gebelein Region in the Third Intermediate and Late Periods","authors":"Wojciech Ejsmond, Marta Kaczanowicz","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.007","url":null,"abstract":"While relatively much is known of Gebelein in the second and third millennia BCE, as well as the Ptolemaic times, the role of the town of Per-Hathor and its surrounding in the Third Intermediate (c. 1076–747 BCE) and Late (c. 747–332 BCE) periods remains largely obscure. The aim of this paper is to examine the existing sources pertaining to the history of Gebelein with the particular focus on state activities in the area, diachronic changes in settlement pattern and sacral topography, as well as funerary landscape in the first three-quarters of first millennium BCE and analyse the available information in a regional context. For this, published and unpublished records are utilised, together with the results of the current field prospection in Gebelein.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":"114 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.36.002
Carmen del Cerro Linares, Carlos Fernández Rodríguez, Paula Gómez Sanz, Alicia Alonso García, A. González Martín
The necropolis from Jebel al Khudairah, located in the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah (United Arab Emirates) witnessed excavations in 2020 and 2023 from members of the Spanish Archaeological and Archaeobiological Mission at Sharjah, drawn from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. In this paper we present a preliminary overview of the results from these two field seasons after completing excavations of five tombs of very diverse types, located in several sectors of the jebel. Only one of them provided remains of burials of at least two individuals accompanied by a metal arrowhead. Nevertheless, the preliminary comparative analysis of the architecture of the structures as well as of the only datable find, allows one to make some suggestions concerning the chronological span of the necropolis.
位于沙迦酋长国（阿拉伯联合酋长国）中部地区的杰贝勒库代拉赫（Jebel al Khudairah）古墓群于 2020 年和 2023 年接受了来自马德里自治大学（Universidad Autónoma de Madrid）的西班牙沙迦考古和考古生物学考察团成员的发掘。在本文中，我们初步概述了这两个实地发掘季的发掘成果，在这两个发掘季中，我们完成了对五座墓葬的发掘，这些墓葬类型各异，分布在斑岩的多个区域。其中只有一座墓葬出土了至少两个人的墓葬遗物和金属箭镞。尽管如此，通过对这些墓葬的建筑结构以及唯一可确定年代的发现进行初步比较分析，我们可以对该墓地的年代跨度提出一些建议。
{"title":"The Al Khudairah Necropolis (Sharjah, UAE): Reflections from the 2023 Field Season","authors":"Carmen del Cerro Linares, Carlos Fernández Rodríguez, Paula Gómez Sanz, Alicia Alonso García, A. González Martín","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.002","url":null,"abstract":"The necropolis from Jebel al Khudairah, located in the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah (United Arab Emirates) witnessed excavations in 2020 and 2023 from members of the Spanish Archaeological and Archaeobiological Mission at Sharjah, drawn from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. In this paper we present a preliminary overview of the results from these two field seasons after completing excavations of five tombs of very diverse types, located in several sectors of the jebel. Only one of them provided remains of burials of at least two individuals accompanied by a metal arrowhead. Nevertheless, the preliminary comparative analysis of the architecture of the structures as well as of the only datable find, allows one to make some suggestions concerning the chronological span of the necropolis.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":"81 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.36.006
Alexia Pavan
Since the beginning of the investigations in the area of Khor Rori and at the site of Sumhuram, the easternmost outpost of the caravan kingdoms along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, cultural material and architectural evidence seemed to exclude frequentation, both permanent and seasonal, during the Islamic period. Indeed, it was assumed that any form of occupation, which had begun in the second century BC, ceased in the fifth century AD, consistent with the historical, economic and cultural scenario that marked the end of the caravan kingdoms. However, discoveries made during more recent fieldwork, along with a critical reinterpretation of previously collected data, have clearly demonstrated the existence of a late occupation of the area, which can be tentatively dated to the Late Antique period in the case of the burials located nearby and to the Islamic period in the case of the reoccupation of the site. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of the re-analysis of the late evidence, focusing on the last architectural structures, the small finds and some of the pottery.
{"title":"After the Fall of the Caravan Kingdoms. Notes about the Occupation of Sumhuram and the Area of Khor Rori (Oman) from the Fifth Century AD to the Islamic Period","authors":"Alexia Pavan","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.006","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the investigations in the area of Khor Rori and at the site of Sumhuram, the easternmost outpost of the caravan kingdoms along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, cultural material and architectural evidence seemed to exclude frequentation, both permanent and seasonal, during the Islamic period. Indeed, it was assumed that any form of occupation, which had begun in the second century BC, ceased in the fifth century AD, consistent with the historical, economic and cultural scenario that marked the end of the caravan kingdoms. However, discoveries made during more recent fieldwork, along with a critical reinterpretation of previously collected data, have clearly demonstrated the existence of a late occupation of the area, which can be tentatively dated to the Late Antique period in the case of the burials located nearby and to the Islamic period in the case of the reoccupation of the site. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of the re-analysis of the late evidence, focusing on the last architectural structures, the small finds and some of the pottery.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.36.008
Magdalena Kazimierczak
Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom bread moulds belong to the type of vessels on which potmarks appear the most often, which is a phenomenon recorded during works conducted at different sites. Excavations carried out at the Tell el-Murra between 2011 and 2019 produced a significant number of vessels of this type with various marks. This paper is devoted to the 118 pre-firing marks from Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom bread moulds from the settlement layers at the Tell el-Murra. The paper comparatively analyses marks from two subsequent chronological periods, with the aim to test the validity of theories regarding their function and meaning, based on examples from Tell el-Murra. The study concludes that the high frequency of potmarks on bread forms was not accidental, but related to certain economic processes and changes, as also indicated in this paper.
{"title":"Potmarks on Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Bread Moulds from the Settlement Layers of Tell el-Murra","authors":"Magdalena Kazimierczak","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.008","url":null,"abstract":"Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom bread moulds belong to the type of vessels on which potmarks appear the most often, which is a phenomenon recorded during works conducted at different sites. Excavations carried out at the Tell el-Murra between 2011 and 2019 produced a significant number of vessels of this type with various marks. This paper is devoted to the 118 pre-firing marks from Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom bread moulds from the settlement layers at the Tell el-Murra. The paper comparatively analyses marks from two subsequent chronological periods, with the aim to test the validity of theories regarding their function and meaning, based on examples from Tell el-Murra. The study concludes that the high frequency of potmarks on bread forms was not accidental, but related to certain economic processes and changes, as also indicated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":"61 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.36.003
Karol Juchniewicz, Agnieszka Lic
Jumeirah (Dubai) is one of the most important sites for the understanding of the Abbasid period in eastern Arabia. At the same time, it is severely understudied and the small number of publications available on the subject situates Jumeirah on the margins of academic debate about the region in the Islamic period. This paper aims to prompt discussion on Jumeirah by presenting an overview of the site, a summary of archaeological research and a preliminary study of the typology of stucco decorations. Some issues regarding problems with the reconstructions and renovations of the buildings are also raised. The study of stuccoes contributes to a better understanding of the site’s chronology, indicating its main phase of occupation to the Abbasid period and the possible existence of an earlier, pre-ninth or early ninth century phase.
{"title":"Abbasid Jumeirah, Dubai. An Overview of the Site and Its Architectural Stucco Decoration","authors":"Karol Juchniewicz, Agnieszka Lic","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.003","url":null,"abstract":"Jumeirah (Dubai) is one of the most important sites for the understanding of the Abbasid period in eastern Arabia. At the same time, it is severely understudied and the small number of publications available on the subject situates Jumeirah on the margins of academic debate about the region in the Islamic period. This paper aims to prompt discussion on Jumeirah by presenting an overview of the site, a summary of archaeological research and a preliminary study of the typology of stucco decorations. Some issues regarding problems with the reconstructions and renovations of the buildings are also raised. The study of stuccoes contributes to a better understanding of the site’s chronology, indicating its main phase of occupation to the Abbasid period and the possible existence of an earlier, pre-ninth or early ninth century phase.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":"4 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.36.005
M. Maiorano, Dominik Chlachula, A. Danielisová, Roman Garba
Over the past decade, extensive surveys have been carried out in the wider area surrounding the city of Duqm (south-central Oman). During fieldwork in 2023, research on the Neolithic encampment in the Wādī Ṣayy area was conducted. Numerous locations surrounding this large wadi have yielded evidence of Neolithic occupation. The proximity to chert outcrops and the presence of elevated fluvial terrace systems overlooking the wadi floodplains likely played a pivotal role in attracting human habitation during that period. Among these sites, DUQ-25A stands out for its exceptional preservation and the abundance of flint scatters. The excavation at the site aimed to achieve multiple objectives: validating the site’s chronology, expanding our understanding of its spatial extent and occupational sequence and filling the gaps in our knowledge about Neolithic societies in south-central Oman. Our research aims to provide new perspectives for the study of the Early and Middle Holocene in Al-Wusṭā.
{"title":"Investigating the Neolithic Presence in South-Central Oman: The DUQ-25A Rock Shelter","authors":"M. Maiorano, Dominik Chlachula, A. Danielisová, Roman Garba","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.005","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, extensive surveys have been carried out in the wider area surrounding the city of Duqm (south-central Oman). During fieldwork in 2023, research on the Neolithic encampment in the Wādī Ṣayy area was conducted. Numerous locations surrounding this large wadi have yielded evidence of Neolithic occupation. The proximity to chert outcrops and the presence of elevated fluvial terrace systems overlooking the wadi floodplains likely played a pivotal role in attracting human habitation during that period. Among these sites, DUQ-25A stands out for its exceptional preservation and the abundance of flint scatters. The excavation at the site aimed to achieve multiple objectives: validating the site’s chronology, expanding our understanding of its spatial extent and occupational sequence and filling the gaps in our knowledge about Neolithic societies in south-central Oman. Our research aims to provide new perspectives for the study of the Early and Middle Holocene in Al-Wusṭā.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":"61 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been suggested that the church on Sir Bani Yas island, dated to the seventh–eighth century, originally had a tower rising over its south-eastern room. This would be a unique feature as other hitherto known churches in the Gulf dated to the early Islamic period did not have towers. One of the arguments for the existence of the tower has been the increased thickness of the northern wall of the south-eastern room. However, close examination of the remains reveals that the increased thickness of this wall is in fact related to the rectangular apse of the chancel. Other arguments used previously to support the claim that the church had a tower are critically assessed in this paper, which concludes that the Sir Bani Yas church had no tower and that its chancel had a rectangular apse, yet another architectural feature it shares with other early Islamic Gulf churches.
{"title":"A Note on the Architectural Layout of the Early Islamic Church on Sir Bani Yas Island, UAE","authors":"Agnieszka Lic, Achim Lichtenberger, Rami Farouk Daher, Rana Zureikat","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.004","url":null,"abstract":"It has been suggested that the church on Sir Bani Yas island, dated to the seventh–eighth century, originally had a tower rising over its south-eastern room. This would be a unique feature as other hitherto known churches in the Gulf dated to the early Islamic period did not have towers. One of the arguments for the existence of the tower has been the increased thickness of the northern wall of the south-eastern room. However, close examination of the remains reveals that the increased thickness of this wall is in fact related to the rectangular apse of the chancel. Other arguments used previously to support the claim that the church had a tower are critically assessed in this paper, which concludes that the Sir Bani Yas church had no tower and that its chancel had a rectangular apse, yet another architectural feature it shares with other early Islamic Gulf churches.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":" February","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.36.001
Anne Benoist, Aurélien Hamel, Cécile Le Carlier, M. Degli Esposti, Julie Goy
Excavations in a series of superimposed Iron Age II collective buildings located at Masafi (Fujairah, UAE) by the French Archaeological Mission in the UAE allowed the discovery of two deposits of copper-base metal items buried in two jars. Copper smelting played a major role in the economy and the society of the region and consistent evidence suggest that it also had a symbolic importance. A summary of the archaeometallurgical study of the items discovered at Masafi is presented here and the context of the two deposits is discussed, in order to reconstruct the nature of these two hoards and the function of the buildings.
{"title":"Iron Age Metalworking at Masafi-1? A Reconsideration of the Metal Hoards Discovered in the Collective Buildings","authors":"Anne Benoist, Aurélien Hamel, Cécile Le Carlier, M. Degli Esposti, Julie Goy","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.36.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.36.001","url":null,"abstract":"Excavations in a series of superimposed Iron Age II collective buildings located at Masafi (Fujairah, UAE) by the French Archaeological Mission in the UAE allowed the discovery of two deposits of copper-base metal items buried in two jars. Copper smelting played a major role in the economy and the society of the region and consistent evidence suggest that it also had a symbolic importance. A summary of the archaeometallurgical study of the items discovered at Masafi is presented here and the context of the two deposits is discussed, in order to reconstruct the nature of these two hoards and the function of the buildings.","PeriodicalId":260074,"journal":{"name":"Études et Travaux","volume":"101 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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