Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V08I03/35-61
A. Martire
: This article explores how the spatial qualities and diversity of one of Belfast’s main arteries, North Street/Peter’s Hill, was transformed by urban planning decisions throughout the twentieth century. It looks specifically at how a car-dominated planning system contributed to the deterioration of the street fabric. Predicated on ideas of plot- based urbanism, the analysis of historic maps and plans points to the ways in which the function and dimensions of the buildings have contributed to the vibrancy of North Street/Peter’s Hill and how the more recent transformation of those functions and dimensions damaged these streets. The article acknowledges that streets are made of the social and cultural context in which they exist, while their form and function is instrumental to their embedded public life. “More than a mere traffic channel ensconced within the city’s solid mesh, the street is a complex civic institution, culture specific and capable of dazzling formal variation and calculated nuance” (Kostof 1992, 220).
{"title":"Walking the Streets: No More Motorways for Belfast","authors":"A. Martire","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V08I03/35-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V08I03/35-61","url":null,"abstract":": This article explores how the spatial qualities and diversity of one of Belfast’s main arteries, North Street/Peter’s Hill, was transformed by urban planning decisions throughout the twentieth century. It looks specifically at how a car-dominated planning system contributed to the deterioration of the street fabric. Predicated on ideas of plot- based urbanism, the analysis of historic maps and plans points to the ways in which the function and dimensions of the buildings have contributed to the vibrancy of North Street/Peter’s Hill and how the more recent transformation of those functions and dimensions damaged these streets. The article acknowledges that streets are made of the social and cultural context in which they exist, while their form and function is instrumental to their embedded public life. “More than a mere traffic channel ensconced within the city’s solid mesh, the street is a complex civic institution, culture specific and capable of dazzling formal variation and calculated nuance” (Kostof 1992, 220).","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126877139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-06DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V08I01/19-30
Nastaran Peimani, H. Kamalipour
The study engages with the ways in which gender mix plays out in public spaces as a key issue in exploring social diversity and vitality of the urban public life. The paper introduces a mapping method to unravel how gender differences are spatially manifested in urban public spaces. Thus, urban mapping has been considered as a method for producing a kind of spatial knowledge that has the capacity to shed light on how different socio-spatial patterns play out in public open spaces. The proposed mapping method documents where and the extent to which female and male users appropriate urban public spaces. The database for developing and testing the proposed method emerges from two site areas in the city of Tehran. In doing so, the study draws upon direct observation, fieldwork notes, visual recording, and urban mapping as research methods. In this way, the paper raises questions about the importance of gender mix in public space and the ways in which mapping has the capacity to inform urban research.
{"title":"Where gender comes to the fore: Mapping gender mix in urban public spaces","authors":"Nastaran Peimani, H. Kamalipour","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V08I01/19-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V08I01/19-30","url":null,"abstract":"The study engages with the ways in which gender mix plays out in public spaces as a key issue in exploring social diversity and vitality of the urban public life. The paper introduces a mapping method to unravel how gender differences are spatially manifested in urban public spaces. Thus, urban mapping has been considered as a method for producing a kind of spatial knowledge that has the capacity to shed light on how different socio-spatial patterns play out in public open spaces. The proposed mapping method documents where and the extent to which female and male users appropriate urban public spaces. The database for developing and testing the proposed method emerges from two site areas in the city of Tehran. In doing so, the study draws upon direct observation, fieldwork notes, visual recording, and urban mapping as research methods. In this way, the paper raises questions about the importance of gender mix in public space and the ways in which mapping has the capacity to inform urban research.","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/cgp/v07i03/43-59
E. Friedrich, M. Berger, S. Arisona
Developing countries face different challenges for future electrical energy planning than developed countries. In particular, rural areas suffer from lack of energy supply, which is due to missing transmission infrastructure, influence of foreign players, and capitalization of energy production resources through export. In this paper, we highlight this situation by the case of Ethiopia, one of the least developed countries worldwide. So far, Ethiopia’s energy strategy is mainly based on hydropower, with major projects under construction. However, these projects are unlikely to support rural areas, and in addition have already sparked international controversy due to the substantial ecological impact. In order to obtain a better understanding of which alternative pathways may be feasible, we offer a new planning methodology based on an interactive and collaborative computer-based tool. The tool allows the exploration of different scenarios that include alternative energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics. Our tool addresses the gap between current policy debates that will shape the development path of the country and existing energy modeling tools. Most existing tools are sophisticated but seem less adequate for developing countries in terms of scope and basic assumptions. By addressing these shortcomings, we present a tool that takes the specific properties of emerging energy markets into account and allows exploring the impact of various policy decisions in a collaborative way without assuming the presence of perfect markets or ubiquitous infrastructure. The tool does not require expert knowledge and can be made available easily to decision-makers, stakeholders, and the public as we demonstrated at the Addis2050 conference in Addis Ababa in 2012.
{"title":"Energy Scenario Modelling in Developing Countries: A Collaborative Computer-based Tool Using Tangible Interfaces","authors":"E. Friedrich, M. Berger, S. Arisona","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/cgp/v07i03/43-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/cgp/v07i03/43-59","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries face different challenges for future electrical energy planning than developed countries. In particular, rural areas suffer from lack of energy supply, which is due to missing transmission infrastructure, influence of foreign players, and capitalization of energy production resources through export. In this paper, we highlight this situation by the case of Ethiopia, one of the least developed countries worldwide. So far, Ethiopia’s energy strategy is mainly based on hydropower, with major projects under construction. However, these projects are unlikely to support rural areas, and in addition have already sparked international controversy due to the substantial ecological impact. In order to obtain a better understanding of which alternative pathways may be feasible, we offer a new planning methodology based on an interactive and collaborative computer-based tool. The tool allows the exploration of different scenarios that include alternative energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics. Our tool addresses the gap between current policy debates that will shape the development path of the country and existing energy modeling tools. Most existing tools are sophisticated but seem less adequate for developing countries in terms of scope and basic assumptions. By addressing these shortcomings, we present a tool that takes the specific properties of emerging energy markets into account and allows exploring the impact of various policy decisions in a collaborative way without assuming the presence of perfect markets or ubiquitous infrastructure. The tool does not require expert knowledge and can be made available easily to decision-makers, stakeholders, and the public as we demonstrated at the Addis2050 conference in Addis Ababa in 2012.","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129982588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V06I04/53778
D. Humphreys
Three conceptual themes of public-private, temporality, and heritage-modernity are used to develop an urban geography of war and peace of Beirut. During the 1975-1990 Lebanese civil war public space shrank and people retreated deeper into localised neighbourhoods, with private space becoming more public as people accommodated those who were displaced. Since the war, the public sector has been rehabilitated, but decision making autonomy on the reconstruction of Beirut’s centre has been handed to a private company. The theme of temporality concerns the relationship between the city’s past, present, and future, with debates on what parts of the city should be preserved intimately bound with notions of memory and forgetting. The relationship between heritage and modernity, both of which are fluid and evolving notions, has informed the reconstruction of the city. The reclamation by Beirutis of the centre of the city following the assassination of Rafic Hariri in 2005 makes clear that urban space is constructed as much by publics as by architects and town planners, with Place des Martyrs once again functioning as an integrating space for public dialogue and reconciliation.
公共-私人、临时性和遗产-现代性三个概念主题被用来发展贝鲁特战争与和平的城市地理。在1975-1990年黎巴嫩内战期间，公共空间萎缩，人们深入到当地社区，私人空间变得更加公共，因为人们容纳了那些流离失所的人。自战争以来，公共部门得到了恢复，但贝鲁特中心重建的决策权却交给了一家私营公司。时间性的主题关注城市的过去、现在和未来之间的关系，讨论城市的哪些部分应该与记忆和遗忘的概念密切联系在一起。遗产和现代之间的关系，两者都是流动和不断发展的概念，为城市的重建提供了信息。2005年拉菲克·哈里里(Rafic Hariri)遇刺后，贝鲁特人对城市中心的重新开发表明，城市空间不仅是由建筑师和城市规划者建造的，也是由公众建造的，烈士广场(Place des Martyrs)再次成为公众对话与和解的综合空间。
{"title":"The Reconstruction of the Beirut Central District: An urban geography of war and peace","authors":"D. Humphreys","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V06I04/53778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V06I04/53778","url":null,"abstract":"Three conceptual themes of public-private, temporality, and heritage-modernity are used to develop an urban geography of war and peace of Beirut. During the 1975-1990 Lebanese civil war public space shrank and people retreated deeper into localised neighbourhoods, with private space becoming more public as people accommodated those who were displaced. Since the war, the public sector has been rehabilitated, but decision making autonomy on the reconstruction of Beirut’s centre has been handed to a private company. The theme of temporality concerns the relationship between the city’s past, present, and future, with debates on what parts of the city should be preserved intimately bound with notions of memory and forgetting. The relationship between heritage and modernity, both of which are fluid and evolving notions, has informed the reconstruction of the city. The reclamation by Beirutis of the centre of the city following the assassination of Rafic Hariri in 2005 makes clear that urban space is constructed as much by publics as by architects and town planners, with Place des Martyrs once again functioning as an integrating space for public dialogue and reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/cgp/v06i02/53769
F. Kossak, R. Damayanti
The aim of this article is to reveal urban symbols of young adults in kampungs of Surabaya, Indonesia in order to understand their identity. The symbols are identified through ‘understanding’ and ‘reading’ space following an observational framework that combines concepts by Soja, Robinson and Lynch. It adopts Soja’s concept of the three spatiality levels - perceived, conceived and lived. It thereby broadens the context given through Robinson’s concept of space as a unique assemblage and interaction network. The combination of views from Soja and Robinson focuses on the understanding of cities not through a dualism position (West-East, North-South, order-disorder, and formal-informal) but rather in a neutral position of general analysis that could be applied globally. Lynch’s concept is adopted in terms of the human social role in navigation. This observational framework identifies urban symbols in four types of symbol bearers: material, iconic, behavioral and discursive; which are not attached to specific urban elements alone, but only in relation to meaning and social value of these elements. Consequently, this exploration unveils characteristics of spaces, especially in marginal positions, which are an often-overlooked phenomenon in colonial readings of cities.
{"title":"Urban Symbols: The Understanding and Reading of Urban Spaces by Young Adults in Indonesian Kampungs","authors":"F. Kossak, R. Damayanti","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/cgp/v06i02/53769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/cgp/v06i02/53769","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to reveal urban symbols of young adults in kampungs of Surabaya, Indonesia in order to understand their identity. The symbols are identified through ‘understanding’ and ‘reading’ space following an observational framework that combines concepts by Soja, Robinson and Lynch. It adopts Soja’s concept of the three spatiality levels - perceived, conceived and lived. It thereby broadens the context given through Robinson’s concept of space as a unique assemblage and interaction network. The combination of views from Soja and Robinson focuses on the understanding of cities not through a dualism position (West-East, North-South, order-disorder, and formal-informal) but rather in a neutral position of general analysis that could be applied globally. Lynch’s concept is adopted in terms of the human social role in navigation. This observational framework identifies urban symbols in four types of symbol bearers: material, iconic, behavioral and discursive; which are not attached to specific urban elements alone, but only in relation to meaning and social value of these elements. Consequently, this exploration unveils characteristics of spaces, especially in marginal positions, which are an often-overlooked phenomenon in colonial readings of cities.","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123537582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V05I3-4/53764
E. Jamei, L. Farahani, Bahareh Motamed
Vernacular architecture, as an attractive product of the society, is an expression of the cultural beliefs, geographical characteristics and available local materials, which inevitably reflects on its territory and context. The vastness of countries such as Iran, with different climatic zones, has initiated the development of logical design solutions via vernacular architecture. The vernacular heritage with self-efficient local materials and climate responsive design is a manifestation of sustainability. This paper presents the principles and methods of vernacular architectural design, used in a historical village, Abyaneh, in the central part of Iran, to address how sustainability has been achieved through vernacular design in this region. This paper also explores how physically sustainable urban settlements can lead to socially sustainable and viable communities. There are many lessons to be learnt from the vernacular architecture of traditional villages, like Abyaneh, which have been shaped organically, throughout the centuries. Through investigation of vernacular strategies, we need to find economically viable and context responsive design solutions in today's contemporary architectural designs. This study is based on the systematic review of the existing literature, site observations and field studies.
{"title":"Investigating the sustainability of a vernacular village","authors":"E. Jamei, L. Farahani, Bahareh Motamed","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V05I3-4/53764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V05I3-4/53764","url":null,"abstract":"Vernacular architecture, as an attractive product of the society, is an expression of the cultural beliefs, geographical characteristics and available local materials, which inevitably reflects on its territory and context. The vastness of countries such as Iran, with different climatic zones, has initiated the development of logical design solutions via vernacular architecture. The vernacular heritage with self-efficient local materials and climate responsive design is a manifestation of sustainability. This paper presents the principles and methods of vernacular architectural design, used in a historical village, Abyaneh, in the central part of Iran, to address how sustainability has been achieved through vernacular design in this region. This paper also explores how physically sustainable urban settlements can lead to socially sustainable and viable communities. There are many lessons to be learnt from the vernacular architecture of traditional villages, like Abyaneh, which have been shaped organically, throughout the centuries. Through investigation of vernacular strategies, we need to find economically viable and context responsive design solutions in today's contemporary architectural designs. This study is based on the systematic review of the existing literature, site observations and field studies.","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128201995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V02I03/53651
S. A. Hamid, Ole B. Jensen, Victor Silva
{"title":"Signs In Place: Choreographing Travel Flow in Urban Spaces","authors":"S. A. Hamid, Ole B. Jensen, Victor Silva","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V02I03/53651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V02I03/53651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125987430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V02I02/53845
Anthony Samuel, L. Emanuel
This paper discusses the nature of place within the context of the Fair Trade Movement, and examines notions of responsibility and authenticity as key factors in the emergence of contemporary places. Fairtrade Towns are considered as the embodiment of socially constructed places that reflect a search for the authentic, combined with an extended responsibility which transcends space and encompasses what authors such as Barnett et al. (2005) and Massey (2005) have suggested to be ‘place beyond place.’ The Fairtrade Town, through its aim to influence patterns and processes of consumption, is consequently considered as a mechanism for place(ing) responsibility, for in effect enabling global citizenship to become part of the fabric of places and for enabling the authentic to return to the place of the here and now, rather than the other and then.
{"title":"Fairtrade towns: place(ing) responsibility","authors":"Anthony Samuel, L. Emanuel","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V02I02/53845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V02I02/53845","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the nature of place within the context of the Fair Trade Movement, and examines notions of responsibility and authenticity as key factors in the emergence of contemporary places. Fairtrade Towns are considered as the embodiment of socially constructed places that reflect a search for the authentic, combined with an extended responsibility which transcends space and encompasses what authors such as Barnett et al. (2005) and Massey (2005) have suggested to be ‘place beyond place.’ The Fairtrade Town, through its aim to influence patterns and processes of consumption, is consequently considered as a mechanism for place(ing) responsibility, for in effect enabling global citizenship to become part of the fabric of places and for enabling the authentic to return to the place of the here and now, rather than the other and then.","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114315519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-03DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V01I02/53786
T. Flew
This paper considers the changing relationship between economic prosperity and Australian suburbs, noting that what has been termed “the first suburban nation” in experiencing an intensification of suburban growth in the 2000s, in the context of economic globalization. The paper reports on a three-year Australian Research Council funded project into “Creative Suburbia”, identifying the significant percentage of the creative industries workforce who live in suburban areas. Drawing on case studies from suburbs in the Australian cities of Brisbane and Melbourne, it notes the contrasts between the experience of these workers, who are generally positive towards suburban life, and the underlying assumptions of “creative cities” policy discourse that such workers prefer to be concentrated in high density inner urban creative clusters.
{"title":"Economic Prosperity, Suburbanization and the Creative Workforce: Findings from Australian Suburban Communities","authors":"T. Flew","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V01I02/53786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V01I02/53786","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the changing relationship between economic prosperity and Australian suburbs, noting that what has been termed “the first suburban nation” in experiencing an intensification of suburban growth in the 2000s, in the context of economic globalization. The paper reports on a three-year Australian Research Council funded project into “Creative Suburbia”, identifying the significant percentage of the creative industries workforce who live in suburban areas. Drawing on case studies from suburbs in the Australian cities of Brisbane and Melbourne, it notes the contrasts between the experience of these workers, who are generally positive towards suburban life, and the underlying assumptions of “creative cities” policy discourse that such workers prefer to be concentrated in high density inner urban creative clusters.","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124655352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V01I02/53781
N. Varsava
{"title":"Beyond the Window: Scenic Views and the Order of Nature-Cultures in Vancouver","authors":"N. Varsava","doi":"10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V01I02/53781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/V01I02/53781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261417,"journal":{"name":"Spaces and flows: an international journal of urban and extraurban studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115379768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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