Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31005
Nicholas Conard, Benjamin Schürch, Fabian Haack, Sibylle Wolf
During the course of the excavations in the backdirt of Vogelherd in 2008, the crew recovered a tusk of a boar preserving clear signs of anthropogenic modification. In addition to the polishing that regularly occurs on tusks during the life of the animal, this specimen, showed signs of cut- ting, scraping and polish subsequent to the animal’s death. This artifact superficially resembles a Magdalenian female figurine with a triangular buttock and a stick-like torso, which led to the hypothesis that the find may be of Paleolithic origin and may be an artwork. Alternatively, the find was hypothesized to be an artifact of unknown function from the Holocene, based on the rarity of faunal remains of boar from the Paleolithic of the Swabian Jura. While the excavator always stressed the uncertainty related to the interpretation of the find, some colleagues ac- cepted the hypothesis that the find represented a Magdalenian female figurine. Thirteen years after its recovery, we have reexamined this artifact and conducted comparative studies that support the hypothesis that the find is of Holocene age. Based on similar finds, we conclude that, although the function of this class of artifact is not yet certain, this artifact is a Neolithic or Mesolithic tool with clear parallels in Germany, France and Switzerland. This class of artifact is rare in Central Europe, but our survey of Neolithic and Mesolithic publications allows us to reject the hypothesis, that this find represents a Magdalenian female figurine. This artifact, however, enriches the record of Holocene organic technology in southwestern Germany.
{"title":"On the Status of the Boar Tooth Artifact from the Backdirt of Vogelherd","authors":"Nicholas Conard, Benjamin Schürch, Fabian Haack, Sibylle Wolf","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31005","url":null,"abstract":"During the course of the excavations in the backdirt of Vogelherd in 2008, the crew recovered a tusk of a boar preserving clear signs of anthropogenic modification. In addition to the polishing that regularly occurs on tusks during the life of the animal, this specimen, showed signs of cut- ting, scraping and polish subsequent to the animal’s death. This artifact superficially resembles a Magdalenian female figurine with a triangular buttock and a stick-like torso, which led to the hypothesis that the find may be of Paleolithic origin and may be an artwork. Alternatively, the find was hypothesized to be an artifact of unknown function from the Holocene, based on the rarity of faunal remains of boar from the Paleolithic of the Swabian Jura. While the excavator always stressed the uncertainty related to the interpretation of the find, some colleagues ac- cepted the hypothesis that the find represented a Magdalenian female figurine. Thirteen years after its recovery, we have reexamined this artifact and conducted comparative studies that support the hypothesis that the find is of Holocene age. Based on similar finds, we conclude that, although the function of this class of artifact is not yet certain, this artifact is a Neolithic or Mesolithic tool with clear parallels in Germany, France and Switzerland. This class of artifact is rare in Central Europe, but our survey of Neolithic and Mesolithic publications allows us to reject the hypothesis, that this find represents a Magdalenian female figurine. This artifact, however, enriches the record of Holocene organic technology in southwestern Germany.","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31002
Lucia Cobo-Sanchez
Academic discussions about African Early Stone Age site formation, animal carcass acquisition by hominins, the regularity of meat consumption or the use of central places have mainly relied on taphonomic studies of a few archaeofaunal assemblages, such as FLK Zinj (1.84 Ma [million years] ago, Olduvai Gorge Bed I, Tanzania). The DS site lies on the same paleosurface as FLK Zinj and constitutes an equally well-preserved, vertically-discrete deposit. The site has been extensively excavated in recent years (554 m²) and represents an invaluable opportunity to address key and long debated issues regarding early hominin lifeways with new approaches based on using robust and reliable statistical methods, including machine learning. Taphonomic studies can also greatly benefit from including the spatial component in the interpretations of a site’s formation and functionality. The results of the taphonomic and spatial study of DS point to the following behavioral components of hominin lifeways with regard to their foraging strategies: 1) regular primary access to animal carcasses; 2) selective animal carcass acquisition; and 3) collective animal carcass consumption in central-provisioning places. These features also point to cooperation and food sharing. The evidence from DS indicates that early Homo showed significant behavioral complexity relative to extant primates and a cohesive social structure. Two more newly discovered anthropogenically supported sites from the same period (PTK and AGS, Bed I Olduvai Gorge) that are currently being analyzed will soon shed further light on these adaptations.
关于非洲早期石器时代遗址形成、人类获取动物尸体、肉类消费规律或中心地点使用的学术讨论主要依赖于对少数考古动物组合的地学研究，如FLK Zinj(184万年前，坦桑尼亚Olduvai峡谷床1)。DS遗址与FLK Zinj位于同一古表面，构成了一个同样保存完好的垂直离散矿床。近年来，该遗址被广泛挖掘(554平方米)，代表了一个宝贵的机会，可以通过使用包括机器学习在内的强大可靠的统计方法的新方法来解决关于早期人类生活方式的关键和长期争论的问题。地形学研究也可以通过将空间成分纳入对场地形成和功能的解释中而受益匪浅。地形学和空间学研究结果表明，古人类的觅食策略主要表现在:1)有规律地获取动物尸体;2)选择性动物胴体获取;3)集中供给地的集体动物胴体消费。这些特征也指向合作和食物分享。来自DS的证据表明，与现存灵长类动物相比，早期人具有显著的行为复杂性和紧密的社会结构。目前正在分析的另外两个新发现的同一时期的人类活动支持地点(PTK和AGS, Bed I Olduvai Gorge)将很快进一步阐明这些适应。
{"title":"Tracking Early Hominin Foraging Behavior at DS Site (Bed I, Olduvai Gorge)","authors":"Lucia Cobo-Sanchez","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31002","url":null,"abstract":"Academic discussions about African Early Stone Age site formation, animal carcass acquisition by hominins, the regularity of meat consumption or the use of central places have mainly relied on taphonomic studies of a few archaeofaunal assemblages, such as FLK Zinj (1.84 Ma [million years] ago, Olduvai Gorge Bed I, Tanzania). The DS site lies on the same paleosurface as FLK Zinj and constitutes an equally well-preserved, vertically-discrete deposit. The site has been extensively excavated in recent years (554 m²) and represents an invaluable opportunity to address key and long debated issues regarding early hominin lifeways with new approaches based on using robust and reliable statistical methods, including machine learning. Taphonomic studies can also greatly benefit from including the spatial component in the interpretations of a site’s formation and functionality. The results of the taphonomic and spatial study of DS point to the following behavioral components of hominin lifeways with regard to their foraging strategies: 1) regular primary access to animal carcasses; 2) selective animal carcass acquisition; and 3) collective animal carcass consumption in central-provisioning places. These features also point to cooperation and food sharing. The evidence from DS indicates that early Homo showed significant behavioral complexity relative to extant primates and a cohesive social structure. Two more newly discovered anthropogenically supported sites from the same period (PTK and AGS, Bed I Olduvai Gorge) that are currently being analyzed will soon shed further light on these adaptations.","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31007
Karin Weiss-Wrana, Sabine Echterbecker
{"title":"Die Jahresexkursion der GfU nach Nord- und Mitteldeutschland","authors":"Karin Weiss-Wrana, Sabine Echterbecker","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31004
Michael Jochim
Prevailing interpretations of late glacial “azilianization” processes in western Europe emphasize the role of adaptive responses to environmental changes by Late Epigravettian and Late Mag- dalenian populations. These interpretations stress the considerable cultural continuity across this transition. Recent DNA studies, however, have raised the possibility of a significant popu- lation turnover at this time, ultimately deriving from influences from the Near East, perhaps re- flecting a demographic expansion. Such an expansion—or migration—should be reflected by some abrupt changes in the archaeological record, which at present are not obvious or em- phasized. In an attempt to identify the proposed immigrants, the record in terms of lithic tech- nology, projectile use, the domestication of dogs, and artistic and mortuary behavior is examined.
{"title":"Where are the Immigrants? Questions about the Demographic Underpinnings of Late Pleistocene Cultural Changes in Western Europe","authors":"Michael Jochim","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31004","url":null,"abstract":"Prevailing interpretations of late glacial “azilianization” processes in western Europe emphasize the role of adaptive responses to environmental changes by Late Epigravettian and Late Mag- dalenian populations. These interpretations stress the considerable cultural continuity across this transition. Recent DNA studies, however, have raised the possibility of a significant popu- lation turnover at this time, ultimately deriving from influences from the Near East, perhaps re- flecting a demographic expansion. Such an expansion—or migration—should be reflected by some abrupt changes in the archaeological record, which at present are not obvious or em- phasized. In an attempt to identify the proposed immigrants, the record in terms of lithic tech- nology, projectile use, the domestication of dogs, and artistic and mortuary behavior is examined.","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31003
Takuya Yamaoka, Nobuyuki Ikeya, Motoki Miyoshi, Jun Takakura
This paper presents archaeological research of the Early Upper Paleolithic in the Japanese Islands, introducing the findings of recent research there into early modern humans. The authors provide background to the natural environment of the Upper Paleolithic while offering an overview of research in the area. Five important research topics, related to behavioral modernity of early modern humans, will be described. Based on them, new information and perspectives about the behavioral patterns of early modern humans are discussed with a focus on the Mt. Ashitaka area.
{"title":"New Perspectives on the Behavioral Patterns of Early Modern Humans from the Japanese Islands","authors":"Takuya Yamaoka, Nobuyuki Ikeya, Motoki Miyoshi, Jun Takakura","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents archaeological research of the Early Upper Paleolithic in the Japanese Islands, introducing the findings of recent research there into early modern humans. The authors provide background to the natural environment of the Upper Paleolithic while offering an overview of research in the area. Five important research topics, related to behavioral modernity of early modern humans, will be described. Based on them, new information and perspectives about the behavioral patterns of early modern humans are discussed with a focus on the Mt. Ashitaka area.","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31006
Leonie Turnwald
This paper examines a renaturation of the former Schöningen opencast lignite mine into a wilderness area. Megaherbivores are to be used to maintain an open landscape. Types of animals selected are based on their use in helping to emulate a prehistoric landscape. In order to establish a wilderness area with consideration to the carrying capacity of the landscape, the WoodPaM simulation programme was employed to help adjust for climate change and grazing scenarios. The results show that the intensity of grazing as well as the influence of climate change have a strong impact on the development of the landscape. Human intervention is excluded in the simulation in order to tie the findings into the debate on wilderness in Germany and to recreate a prehistoric landscape. Animal species simulated were bison (Bos bonasus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and horse (Equus przewalski) with numbers ranging from 28 (0.05 LSU per hectare) to 105 (0.2 LSU per hectare) individuals. Drought stress due to climate change is considered to be the limiting factor for plant growth. Even small changes in grazing intensity alter growth in the tree and field layers. In summary, the model calculations in WoodPaM reflect the real landscape as accurately as possible, but individual points in a complex ecosystem cannot be simulated. The results provide starting points for the future handling of the Schöningen opencast mine and can possibly be transferred to other opencast mines.
{"title":"Renaturierung des Tagebaus Schöningen mit verschiedenen Megaherbivoren in Form von unterschiedlichen Landschafts- und Klimawandelszenarien","authors":"Leonie Turnwald","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines a renaturation of the former Schöningen opencast lignite mine into a wilderness area. Megaherbivores are to be used to maintain an open landscape. Types of animals selected are based on their use in helping to emulate a prehistoric landscape. In order to establish a wilderness area with consideration to the carrying capacity of the landscape, the WoodPaM simulation programme was employed to help adjust for climate change and grazing scenarios. The results show that the intensity of grazing as well as the influence of climate change have a strong impact on the development of the landscape. Human intervention is excluded in the simulation in order to tie the findings into the debate on wilderness in Germany and to recreate a prehistoric landscape. Animal species simulated were bison (Bos bonasus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and horse (Equus przewalski) with numbers ranging from 28 (0.05 LSU per hectare) to 105 (0.2 LSU per hectare) individuals. Drought stress due to climate change is considered to be the limiting factor for plant growth. Even small changes in grazing intensity alter growth in the tree and field layers. In summary, the model calculations in WoodPaM reflect the real landscape as accurately as possible, but individual points in a complex ecosystem cannot be simulated. The results provide starting points for the future handling of the Schöningen opencast mine and can possibly be transferred to other opencast mines.","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31008
Sibylle Wolf
{"title":"Jahresbericht der Vorsitzenden der GfU für 2022","authors":"Sibylle Wolf","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.31001
Miriam Noël Haidle
{"title":"Laudation: Dr. Lucía Cobo-Sánchez, Twenty-fourth Recipient of the Tübingen Prize for Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology","authors":"Miriam Noël Haidle","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.31001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.31001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2022.3100v
Michael Bolus, Nicholas Conard
{"title":"Vorwort / Foreword","authors":"Michael Bolus, Nicholas Conard","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2022.3100v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2022.3100v","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2021.30006
Sibylle Wolf, Benjamin Schürch, Jens A. Frick, M. Seifert
Die Vogelherd-Figuren wurden unter Leitung des Urgeschichtlers Gustav Riek 1931 in der Vo- gelherd-Höhle bei Niederstotzingen ausgegraben. Riek hatte offensichtlich eine starke Bindung zu den Figurinen. Sie zählen zu den ältesten figürlichen Kunstwerken der Welt. Ihre Auffindung wird hier diskutiert. Die Aufbewahrung der Figuren seit 1931 bis heute hat eine wechselvolle Geschichte, die hier erstmalig mittels Einsichtnahme in die Akten des Archivs der Universität Tübingen nachvollzogen wurde. Heute sind die Figuren im Museum für Alte Kulturen im Schloss Hohentübingen ausgestellt.
{"title":"Der abenteuerliche Weg der Vogelherd-figurinen – von ihrer auffindung bis heute","authors":"Sibylle Wolf, Benjamin Schürch, Jens A. Frick, M. Seifert","doi":"10.51315/mgfu.2021.30006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51315/mgfu.2021.30006","url":null,"abstract":"Die Vogelherd-Figuren wurden unter Leitung des Urgeschichtlers Gustav Riek 1931 in der Vo- gelherd-Höhle bei Niederstotzingen ausgegraben. Riek hatte offensichtlich eine starke Bindung zu den Figurinen. Sie zählen zu den ältesten figürlichen Kunstwerken der Welt. Ihre Auffindung wird hier diskutiert. Die Aufbewahrung der Figuren seit 1931 bis heute hat eine wechselvolle Geschichte, die hier erstmalig mittels Einsichtnahme in die Akten des Archivs der Universität Tübingen nachvollzogen wurde. Heute sind die Figuren im Museum für Alte Kulturen im Schloss Hohentübingen ausgestellt.","PeriodicalId":267298,"journal":{"name":"Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123203159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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