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THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE MUSEUM OF PRECIOUS AND DECORATIVE STONES. HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «MINERAL AND RAW MATERIAL WEALTH OF UKRAINE: WAYS OF OPTIMUM USE» 博物馆的历史创造的珍贵和装饰的石头。科学和实践会议的历史和科学方面“乌克兰的矿物和原材料财富:最佳使用方式”
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.1(4).273793
V. V. Yakovleva, M. Kovalchuk
The article provides brief information about the history of the creation of the Museum of Precious and Decorative Stones and information about the initiation by the museum of the scientific and practical conference «Mineral and raw material wealth of Ukraine: ways of optimal use». In the historical aspect, the organizational and scientific aspects of the conferences that took place during 2008-2021 are covered.
本文简要介绍了宝石和装饰宝石博物馆的创建历史,以及博物馆发起的科学和实践会议“乌克兰矿物和原材料财富:最佳使用方式”的信息。在历史方面,涵盖了2008-2021年期间举行的会议的组织和科学方面。
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引用次数: 0
RESTORING OF THE BASIN STATUS OF SIVERSKY DONETS-ZAPURUKA, SOLUTION OF THE MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF DONBAS 恢复顿巴斯-扎普鲁卡盆地地位,解决顿巴斯主要环境问题
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.1(4).273785
M.V. Zhikalyak, M.E. Marinchenko
On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of physical-geographical, geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and hydrological data, an unjustified biased lowering of the basin status of the Siverskyi Donets River to the sub-basin of the Don River was proved. The main hydrological and hydrogeological differences of the Don river basin and the Siverskyi Donets river basin have been clarified. The restoration of the basin status of the Siverskyi Donets River has been substantiated and 17 sub-basins have been identified, including 7 on the left slope and 10 on the right slope of the Siverskyi Donets river, which has a great environmental significance. Balanced and balanced modeling of scenarios of uncontrolled flooding of coal mines and the organization of regional and zonal monitoring of groundwater and surface water in the territory of Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk regions, thanks to the restoration of the basin status of the Siverskyi Donets River, will become more informative and more reliable.
在综合分析自然地理、地质、地貌、水文地质、工程地质和水文资料的基础上,论证了将顿涅茨河流域地位降低为顿河子流域的不公正偏见。澄清了顿河流域和顿涅茨河流域的主要水文地质差异。对西弗斯基-顿涅茨河流域状态的恢复进行了证实,并确定了17个子流域,其中西弗斯基-顿涅茨河左坡7个,右坡10个,具有重要的环境意义。在哈尔科夫、顿涅茨克和卢甘斯克地区,由于恢复了顿涅茨河流域的状态,对煤矿不受控制的洪水情景进行平衡和平衡的建模,并组织对地下水和地表水的区域和区域监测,将变得更加丰富和可靠。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS OF COAL MINING BY MEANS OF CORRELATION-REGRESSION ANALYSIS 用相关回归分析方法评价煤矿开采环境影响因素
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.1(4).273789
N. Diachenko, O. Vlasenko, A. Kovalchuk
A study was conducted on the evaluation of the factors of influence of coal mining on the environment by means of correlation-regression analysis. The study analyzed the relationships between indicators of mine development rates (volume of coal production) and the degree of impact of coal production on environmental pollution. For this purpose, the correlation coefficients calculated by the method of correlation-regression analysis of multidimensional data were used for the first time in the "mining volume - pollution indicator" system, and a ranking of the impact intensity indicators was created using the example of the Buzhanska mine. Excel software, its built-in tools and the "analysis" add-on were used for calculations.As a result of the conducted research, a multiple correlation matrix was calculated, a ranking of pollution indicators was developed by the value of correlation coefficients, models were verified, and mathematical formulas for calculating interrelated indicators were developed. The models obtained in our calculations have an average error of approximation from 16 to 22% (at a significance level of 0.5, reliability of 0.99).The obtained calculations indicate that the most influential indicator of pollution (has a significant correlation with the volume of production) concerns the atmosphere - "Emissions of coal dust" (R=0.9897). Emissions of hazardous waste into the atmosphere also have a large correlation coefficient (R=0.9681). Greenhouse gas emissions are less dependent on mining (R=0.8685), because coal seams are emission-free. The most important impact on the land is "extraction of rock" (R=0.9314). As for the influence of the coal industry on the water basin, from the obtained data, we have that the indicators of pollution and water consumption have an insufficient relationship with the indicators of production: "Volume of mine water discharged into surface water bodies" (R= 0.7751) and "Discharged into surface water bodies of ZR" (R=0.7833). The increase in extraction practically does not correlate with the amount of fresh water intake (R=0.5753). The same situation exists with the volume of household waste (R=0.5524). Ways of greening the impact are proposed.
采用相关回归分析方法对煤矿开采对环境的影响因素进行了评价研究。研究分析了煤矿开发速度指标(煤炭生产量)与煤炭生产对环境污染影响程度之间的关系。为此,首次将多维数据相关回归分析方法计算的相关系数应用于“采掘量-污染指标”体系中,并以布赞斯卡矿为例,建立了影响强度指标排序。Excel软件、它的内置工具和“分析”插件被用于计算。研究结果表明,计算了多重相关矩阵,根据相关系数的值对污染指标进行了排序,并对模型进行了验证,建立了计算相关指标的数学公式。在我们的计算中获得的模型的平均近似误差从16%到22%(在显著性水平为0.5,可靠性为0.99)。得到的计算结果表明,最具影响力的污染指标(与产量有显著相关性)与大气有关——“煤尘排放”(R=0.9897)。危险废物排放到大气中的相关系数也很大(R=0.9681)。温室气体排放对开采的依赖程度较低(R=0.8685),因为煤层是无排放的。对土地影响最大的是“岩石的提取”(R=0.9314)。对于煤炭行业对流域的影响,从得到的数据可以看出,污染指标和用水量指标与生产指标的关系并不充分:“矿井排入地表水的量”(R= 0.7751)和“排入ZR地表水的量”(R=0.7833)。提取量的增加实际上与淡水摄取量无关(R=0.5753)。生活垃圾量也存在同样的情况(R=0.5524)。提出了绿化影响的方法。
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引用次数: 0
PECULIARITIES OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COBALT AND GERMANIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN COAL SEAM С₈Н OF DNIPROVSKA MINE OF WESTERN DONBAS 顿巴斯西部dniprovska矿煤层中钴锗浓度关系的特殊性С₈Н
Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.1(4).273779
Ye.S. Kozii, V. Ishkov, O. Chernobuk
In the article the relationship between the concentrations of germanium and cobalt in the c8Н coal seam of the Dniprovska mine was investigated and analyzed. These elements are paragenetic and form a geochemical association in the с₈Н coal seam of the of the Dniprovska mine. A high degree of linear correlation is established between them, which allows the calculated regression equation to be used to forecast the germanium content.
本文对Dniprovska矿c8Н煤层中锗和钴的浓度关系进行了调查和分析。这些元素共生,在Dniprovska矿的₈Н煤层中形成地球化学组合。两者之间建立了高度的线性相关关系,使得计算的回归方程可以用来预测锗含量。
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引用次数: 0
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND DEPOSITIONAL CONDITIONS OF MIDDLE EOCENE CONTINENTAL FLUVIAL DEPOSITS WITHIN THE INGUL MEGABLOCK OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD 乌克兰盾构中始新世陆相河流沉积空间分布及沉积条件
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.2(5).276085
Y. Kroshko
On the basis of these experimental data from the geological mapping of the four leaves of the territory at a scale of 1:50000, a scheme of the spacious expansion of the Middle Ecene continental fluvial deposits was created. Data on the morphological and morphological life of the river paleovalleys have been given. It has been traced to the formation of the mid-ocene continental fluvial deposits of the middle stratified concentrations near the boundaries of different paleovalleys, which are found near the Dniprovsko-Donetsk depression.
在此基础上,以1:5万比例尺对四叶地区进行地质填图的实验数据,建立了中渐新世陆相河流沉积的大面积扩张方案。给出了河流古河谷的形态和形态生活资料。它可以追溯到在第聂普洛夫斯克-顿涅茨克凹陷附近发现的不同古山谷边界附近的中新世大陆河流沉积物的形成。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF VANADIUM AND GERMANIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN THE c10B COAL BED OF THE DNEPROVSKAYA MINE IN WESTERN DONBAS 顿巴斯西部德涅普罗夫斯卡亚煤矿c10B煤层中钒、锗含量关系分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.2(5).276073
V. Ishkov, Ye.S. Kozii, O. Chernobuk
The paper investigates the relationship between the content of germanium and vanadium in the coal seam c10в of the Dniprovska mine. The isoconcentration maps of these elements and the graph of the regression equation between their normalized concentrations were constructed and analyzed. A very high density of the linear correlation between the elements was established, which allows using the calculated regression equation to forecast germanium concentrations within the mine seam. 
本文研究了德涅普罗斯卡煤矿c1026煤层中锗、钒含量的关系。构造并分析了各元素的等浓度图及其归一化浓度间的回归方程图。元素之间建立了非常高的线性相关性,可以使用计算的回归方程来预测矿井内的锗浓度。
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引用次数: 0
GEOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL MODELS OF FORMATION AND ACCUMULATION OF GAS IN MAN-MADE RESERVOIRS OF COAL ROCK MASSIVES 煤岩体人工储层天然气形成与成藏的地质构造模式
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.2(5).276072
N. Vergelska, I. Skopychenko, Y. Kroshko
The formation of technogenic reservoirs of coal-rock massifs is determined by the depth of development, lithological features of the host rocks and the gas content of the coal-rock massif. The formation and redistribution of gas-saturated zones and migration routes in coal-rock massifs continues even now, which is associated with modern fluid migration. Gas, filling the mine workings of closed mines, creates a threat to communications, structures as a result of explosions and has a negative impact on human health.  It has been established that the regular distribution of gaseous hydrocarbons is determined by discontinuities and confirms not only the diffusion gas saturation of the massif, but also the tempo, that is, the gas saturation of the massif through discontinuities during tectonic (tectonic-magmatic) activations. At the same time, it should be noted that geological discontinuities were not the “transport arteries” of gaseous hydrocarbons not throughout the entire space. For most of its strike, coal and rocks in the zones of discontinuities are folded, and there is almost no gas transmission. The worked-out space of active mines is a new technogenic reservoir suitable for the accumulation of gaseous hydrocarbons, the thickness of which exceeds the thickness of the coal seam. The active processes of gas migration in the exhaust space are indicated by the study of the residual gas component, in the mixture of which helium, hydrogen and quantitative changes in hydrocarbon gases (C2 - C6) were found. 
煤岩体技术储层的形成是由煤岩体的发育深度、寄主岩的岩性特征和含气量决定的。煤岩体中含气带的形成和重新分布及运移路线至今仍在继续,这与现代流体运移有关。关闭矿井的井下充满气体,由于爆炸对通信和结构造成威胁,并对人体健康产生不利影响。确定了气态烃的规律分布是由不连续面决定的,不仅确定了地块的扩散气饱和度,而且确定了构造(构造-岩浆)活化过程中地块通过不连续面的气饱和度的速度。同时,应该指出的是,地质不连续性不是气态碳氢化合物的“运输动脉”,不是贯穿整个空间的。在其大部分走向中,不连续带中的煤和岩石被折叠,几乎没有天然气输送。活动矿井采空区是一种适合气态烃聚集的新技术储层,其厚度超过煤层厚度。通过对残余气体组分的研究,指出了排气空间中气体运移的活跃过程,其中混合气体中存在氦、氢和碳氢气体(C2 - C6)的定量变化。
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引用次数: 0
NANDANA GEM & MUSEUM, SRI LANKA 南达纳宝石博物馆,斯里兰卡
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.2(5).276087
N. Vergelska, V. Vergelska
Since ancient times, the island of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) has been known as Ratnadwipa, which translates as "the land where gems are found." It is possible that Sri Lanka was the legendary biblical Tarshish, from where King Solomon exported ivory and precious stones. And today in Ratnapura  mining of precious and semi-precious stones continues (sapphires, rubies, amethysts, tourmalines, cat's eye, alexandrites, spinel, garnets, topazes), which are appreciated by jewelers all over the world.
自古以来,斯里兰卡岛(锡兰)就被称为Ratnadwipa,翻译过来就是“发现宝石的地方”。斯里兰卡有可能是圣经中传说中的他施,所罗门王从那里出口象牙和宝石。今天,在拉特纳普拉,宝石和半宝石的开采仍在继续(蓝宝石、红宝石、紫水晶、电气石、猫眼石、亚历山大变石、尖晶石、石榴石、黄玉),受到世界各地珠宝商的赞赏。
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引用次数: 0
MONITORING THE INFLUENCE OF COAL MAN-MADE LANDSCAPES ON THE ATMOSPHERE OF COAL-MINING REGIONS 煤炭人工景观对矿区大气影响的监测
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.2(5).276082
E.I. Skopichenko, V. Vergelska, N. Vergelska, D.M. Golovchenko, S.M. Ozirskaya
According to studies of recent decades, Ukraine is one of the most polluted and environmentally problematic countries in the world. The level of pressure on the environment in Ukraine has increased significantly during the fighting, starting in 2014 in the Donbas, and has deteriorated significantly since 2022. At the present stage of social development, the process of formation and implementation of an effective and efficient state environmental policy, taking into account the existing natural resource potential of the regions and the possibility of their transformation into the national economy, is of particular importance. In recent years, although there has been a decline in production, the annual level of environmental pollution is quite high, including due to incorrect reclamation after the closure of coal mining enterprises. The influence of human activity on the structures of the Earth's surface, today, is especially noticeable in the mining regions, where significant masses of rocks have been brought to the surface and new structures have been created. Human intervention in the process of landscape development leads to new relationships between its components due to the processes of oxidation of rocks brought to the surface and the release of energy and gas mixtures into the atmosphere.   The coal-mining regions of Ukraine, which are in a state of deep technogenic changes and transformations, have a chance to use the results of intensive geological and technogenic realities for the conclusions of the search for the scientific foundations of nature management and environmental conservation. At the present stage of social development, which is characterized by the acceleration of the pace of scientific and technological progress on the one hand, the aggravation of environmental problems and environmental pollution, on the other hand, the process of formation and implementation of an effective and efficient state environmental policy, taking into account the existing natural resource potential of the regions, is of particular importance. 
根据近几十年的研究,乌克兰是世界上污染最严重、环境问题最严重的国家之一。2014年在顿巴斯开始的战斗期间,乌克兰环境压力显著增加,并自2022年以来显著恶化。在社会发展的现阶段,特别重要的是在考虑到各地区现有的自然资源潜力及其转化为国民经济的可能性的情况下,制定和实施有效和高效的国家环境政策。近年来,虽然产量有所下降,但每年的环境污染水平相当高,其中包括煤矿企业关闭后不正确的复垦。今天,人类活动对地球表面结构的影响在矿区尤为明显,那里有大量岩石被带到地表,并形成了新的结构。由于地表岩石的氧化过程和向大气中释放的能量和气体混合物,人类对景观发展过程的干预导致了其组成部分之间的新关系。乌克兰的采煤地区正处于深刻的技术变化和变革之中,因此有机会利用密集的地质和技术现实的结果来得出寻找自然管理和环境保护的科学基础的结论。在当前社会发展阶段,一方面是科技进步的步伐加快,另一方面是环境问题和环境污染的加剧,在考虑到各地区现有自然资源潜力的情况下,制定和实施有效和高效的国家环境政策的过程尤为重要。
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引用次数: 0
PHASE-BY-STEP DESTRUCTION OF GEOLOGICAL INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES AS A FACTOR OF DEGRADATION OF THE MINERAL AND RAW MATERIAL BASE OF UKRAINE 逐步破坏地质工业企业是乌克兰矿产和原料基地退化的一个因素
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2022.2(5).276089
M.V. Zhikalyak
The conditions and factors of the gradual destruction of enterprises in the geological sector are analyzed in connection with the degradation of the system of balanced reproduction in the subsoil of mined minerals, inadequate economic and legal regulation of subsoil use, significant corruption and rent-oriented influence of officials, extractive industries and semi-shadow business structures, unprofessionalism of the administrative leadership of the State Geodesy of Ukraine and lack of effective reform of the industry taking into account global experience and strategic development prospects.
从下列方面分析了地质部门企业逐渐毁灭的条件和因素:开采矿物的地下平衡再生产制度的退化、对地下利用的经济和法律管制不足、官员的严重腐败和以租金为导向的影响、采掘业和半影子商业结构;乌克兰国家大地测量局行政领导不专业,缺乏考虑到全球经验和战略发展前景的有效行业改革。
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引用次数: 0
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Mining Geology & Geoecology
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