Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036764
Seyed Mohammad Hassan Sefidgar, Ahmad Khairi Abdul Wahab, N. A. Hamzaid
Central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. Any impairment in the functionality of these parts can cause serious disabilities such as movement impairment and urinary incontinence. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke are two conditions affected by injury of the CNS. This article presents a systematic review of the efficiencies as well as the inefficiencies of the Surface-Functional Electrical Stimulation (S-FES) that benefits from closed loop and control strategies to be engaged in rehabilitative interventions for paraplegic SCI patients. This study resulted in nine papers for review. To evaluate the evidence, the feasibility, fatigue resistance, safety and tracking error factors of each reported study were considered. From this study, it was concluded that the integration of control system into S-FES can promote rehabilitation process while minimize or control counterproductive elements such as fatigue and spasm as well as monitoring the activity for better safety measures during the S-FES intervention.
{"title":"Effectiveness of lower limb controlled surface functional electrical stimulation in SCI — Review of evidence","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Hassan Sefidgar, Ahmad Khairi Abdul Wahab, N. A. Hamzaid","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036764","url":null,"abstract":"Central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. Any impairment in the functionality of these parts can cause serious disabilities such as movement impairment and urinary incontinence. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke are two conditions affected by injury of the CNS. This article presents a systematic review of the efficiencies as well as the inefficiencies of the Surface-Functional Electrical Stimulation (S-FES) that benefits from closed loop and control strategies to be engaged in rehabilitative interventions for paraplegic SCI patients. This study resulted in nine papers for review. To evaluate the evidence, the feasibility, fatigue resistance, safety and tracking error factors of each reported study were considered. From this study, it was concluded that the integration of control system into S-FES can promote rehabilitation process while minimize or control counterproductive elements such as fatigue and spasm as well as monitoring the activity for better safety measures during the S-FES intervention.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116561579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036737
J. Malešević, G. Bijelic, T. Keller, N. Malešević, L. Konstantinović
Many individuals with stroke express gait abnormalities and reduction of daily living activities. One of techniques for treating lower limb disabilities for improving gait patterns is functional electrical stimulation (FES). The purpose of this case report is to describe the development of FES system based on multi-pad electrodes for foot drop correction during gait and to demonstrate its use in improving gait quality of hémiplégie patients. Stimulation optimization and triggering is based on feedback from inertial sensor positioned on the patient's paretic foot. The main features are fast and reliable optimization of stimulation patterns for achieving strong dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. One hémiplégie patient participated in the 6 months case study. The functional improvement of the patient's gait was tracked during the course of the therapy. Observed indicators of rehabilitation efficiency were gait velocity, number of steps and angular velocity of ankle joint during 10 m gait test.
{"title":"Multi-pad stimulation device for treating foot drop: Case study","authors":"J. Malešević, G. Bijelic, T. Keller, N. Malešević, L. Konstantinović","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036737","url":null,"abstract":"Many individuals with stroke express gait abnormalities and reduction of daily living activities. One of techniques for treating lower limb disabilities for improving gait patterns is functional electrical stimulation (FES). The purpose of this case report is to describe the development of FES system based on multi-pad electrodes for foot drop correction during gait and to demonstrate its use in improving gait quality of hémiplégie patients. Stimulation optimization and triggering is based on feedback from inertial sensor positioned on the patient's paretic foot. The main features are fast and reliable optimization of stimulation patterns for achieving strong dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. One hémiplégie patient participated in the 6 months case study. The functional improvement of the patient's gait was tracked during the course of the therapy. Observed indicators of rehabilitation efficiency were gait velocity, number of steps and angular velocity of ankle joint during 10 m gait test.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126983680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036738
Kai Gui, Dingguo Zhang
This paper focuses on the volitional contraction's impact on Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). Hammerstein model, which combines static nonlinearity, isometric response curve (IRC), and dynamical linearity, is a common model to present the muscle response to electrical stimulation. We utilized the responses to a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) excitation to identify the static nonlinearity. Then, ramp deconvolution method was used to obtain the dynamical linearity in different volitional contraction levels. Five able-bodied subjects' flexor carpi ulnaris in isometric contraction were tested. Finally, we find normalized dynamical linearity nearly remains unchanged as the volitional contraction changes. And the dead zone and saturation zone of IRC increases accompanying the bigger volitional contraction, while the linearity zone decreases. So, it is suitable to reduce the adjustable electrical stimulation intensity's scope.
{"title":"Influence of volitional contraction on muscle response to functional electrical stimulation","authors":"Kai Gui, Dingguo Zhang","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036738","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the volitional contraction's impact on Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). Hammerstein model, which combines static nonlinearity, isometric response curve (IRC), and dynamical linearity, is a common model to present the muscle response to electrical stimulation. We utilized the responses to a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) excitation to identify the static nonlinearity. Then, ramp deconvolution method was used to obtain the dynamical linearity in different volitional contraction levels. Five able-bodied subjects' flexor carpi ulnaris in isometric contraction were tested. Finally, we find normalized dynamical linearity nearly remains unchanged as the volitional contraction changes. And the dead zone and saturation zone of IRC increases accompanying the bigger volitional contraction, while the linearity zone decreases. So, it is suitable to reduce the adjustable electrical stimulation intensity's scope.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123859838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036731
S. Takano
Background: Reports indicate that percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation improve pain symptoms of the patients with chronic pelvic pain. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for functional anorectal pain. Design: Prospective study. Single-group pilot study. Patients: 10 patients with functional anorectal pain were enrolled in this study. Settings/Interventions: All patients received 30 minutes of stimulation twice per week for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated by history, physical, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and frequency of pain as Rome III criteria. Main Outcome Measures: VAS for pain and frequency of pain were measured. Results: 9 patients completed the treatment. Mean VAS for pain significant decreased from 5.7 to 1.5 (P<;0.01). 77.8% of patients had a improvement of >50% in the VAS for pain. Mean days of pain per a month significant decreased from 21.2 to 8.9(p=0.03). Limitations: This study was limited by its small size and its lack of blinding and control. Conclusions: Our finding suggest that bilateral PTNS may improve pain symptoms for patients with functional anorectal pain. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to verify these preliminary results.
{"title":"Bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for functional anorectal pain","authors":"S. Takano","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036731","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reports indicate that percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation improve pain symptoms of the patients with chronic pelvic pain. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for functional anorectal pain. Design: Prospective study. Single-group pilot study. Patients: 10 patients with functional anorectal pain were enrolled in this study. Settings/Interventions: All patients received 30 minutes of stimulation twice per week for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated by history, physical, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and frequency of pain as Rome III criteria. Main Outcome Measures: VAS for pain and frequency of pain were measured. Results: 9 patients completed the treatment. Mean VAS for pain significant decreased from 5.7 to 1.5 (P<;0.01). 77.8% of patients had a improvement of >50% in the VAS for pain. Mean days of pain per a month significant decreased from 21.2 to 8.9(p=0.03). Limitations: This study was limited by its small size and its lack of blinding and control. Conclusions: Our finding suggest that bilateral PTNS may improve pain symptoms for patients with functional anorectal pain. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to verify these preliminary results.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115837859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036755
R. Mukhopadhyay, M. Mahadevappa, P. Lenka, A. Biswas
In this study we have evaluated the efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) in the rehabilitation of spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) children, by surface electromyographic (sEMG) analysis of the Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles. Ten children with spastic diaplegic/hemiplegic cerebral palsy within the age group of 5 to 14 years received both FES for 30 minutes and the conventional physiotherapy for 30 minutes a day, for 5 days a week, up to 12 weeks. The measurement of electromyography (EMG) of both the baseline (at the initiation) and post treatment (after intervention) were obtained. These data were analysed for both amplitude and frequency related parameters. The results report a rise in Root Mean Square (RMS), Mean Absolute Value (MAV), EMG peak amplitude and Integrated EMG (IEMG) values. Improvement was also seen in Median Frequency (MDF), Mean Frequency (MNF) and the total power of the EMG power spectrum. Hence we can conclude that FES combined with conventional physiotherapy improves the muscle strength in spastic CP children.
{"title":"Effect of FES in rehabilitation of cerebral palsy children by analysis of surface EMG in tibialis anterior muscle","authors":"R. Mukhopadhyay, M. Mahadevappa, P. Lenka, A. Biswas","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036755","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we have evaluated the efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) in the rehabilitation of spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) children, by surface electromyographic (sEMG) analysis of the Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles. Ten children with spastic diaplegic/hemiplegic cerebral palsy within the age group of 5 to 14 years received both FES for 30 minutes and the conventional physiotherapy for 30 minutes a day, for 5 days a week, up to 12 weeks. The measurement of electromyography (EMG) of both the baseline (at the initiation) and post treatment (after intervention) were obtained. These data were analysed for both amplitude and frequency related parameters. The results report a rise in Root Mean Square (RMS), Mean Absolute Value (MAV), EMG peak amplitude and Integrated EMG (IEMG) values. Improvement was also seen in Median Frequency (MDF), Mean Frequency (MNF) and the total power of the EMG power spectrum. Hence we can conclude that FES combined with conventional physiotherapy improves the muscle strength in spastic CP children.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124853235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036765
Nur-E-Habiba, N. A. Hamzaid
The purpose of this paper is to understand the importance of considering the same or similar parameters in terms of functional electric stimulation-leg ergometry (FES-LE) study designing to formulate careful systematic comparisons between studies to provide spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with the best beneficial usages of FES-LE by developing injury-level specific standardized training protocols. This literature review is online based systematic research and most articles were obtained from online databases. Analyzing the studies included in these articles revealed that each study is different in numerous ways such as study designs, statistical methods, populations' demography, sample size, health measurements, clinical or laboratory techniques and data analysis methods. Dissimilarities in these parameters, along with their own individual limitations, and inconsistencies in the studies caused difficulties in making systematic comparisons and drawing reliable conclusions regarding the most significant effects and the best way of FES-LE usages in individuals with SCL Therefore, it is crucially important to develop a consensual standardized FES-LE training protocol for each heterogeneous group (e.g. acute vs. chronic; complete vs. incomplete; tetra vs. paraplegic) with its own homogeneous subjects (patients with similar demography). Quantifying the precise dose of stress, or determining the duration of FES intervention for each group of individuals with the same or similar level of injury and demography should also be documented in the standardized FES training protocol. Among different health assessments, measuring the muscle morphological changes (e.g. CSAf, fiber size, MHC) is very effective, as they directly refer to muscle strength improvements. Therefore, muscle morphological changes would be worth measuring in the standardized FES training studies. Hence, designing worldwide consensual injury-level specific standardized FES-LE training protocols would help the future studies to be constructed maintaining the same parameters and following consistencies; and thus, results from these studies could be used to formulate true systematic comparisons between them to determine the most effective usages of FES-LE in SCI individuals.
{"title":"A review of different parameters of functional electric stimulation leg ergometry training in spinal cord injured individuals to formulate careful systematic comparisons between studies","authors":"Nur-E-Habiba, N. A. Hamzaid","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036765","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to understand the importance of considering the same or similar parameters in terms of functional electric stimulation-leg ergometry (FES-LE) study designing to formulate careful systematic comparisons between studies to provide spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with the best beneficial usages of FES-LE by developing injury-level specific standardized training protocols. This literature review is online based systematic research and most articles were obtained from online databases. Analyzing the studies included in these articles revealed that each study is different in numerous ways such as study designs, statistical methods, populations' demography, sample size, health measurements, clinical or laboratory techniques and data analysis methods. Dissimilarities in these parameters, along with their own individual limitations, and inconsistencies in the studies caused difficulties in making systematic comparisons and drawing reliable conclusions regarding the most significant effects and the best way of FES-LE usages in individuals with SCL Therefore, it is crucially important to develop a consensual standardized FES-LE training protocol for each heterogeneous group (e.g. acute vs. chronic; complete vs. incomplete; tetra vs. paraplegic) with its own homogeneous subjects (patients with similar demography). Quantifying the precise dose of stress, or determining the duration of FES intervention for each group of individuals with the same or similar level of injury and demography should also be documented in the standardized FES training protocol. Among different health assessments, measuring the muscle morphological changes (e.g. CSAf, fiber size, MHC) is very effective, as they directly refer to muscle strength improvements. Therefore, muscle morphological changes would be worth measuring in the standardized FES training studies. Hence, designing worldwide consensual injury-level specific standardized FES-LE training protocols would help the future studies to be constructed maintaining the same parameters and following consistencies; and thus, results from these studies could be used to formulate true systematic comparisons between them to determine the most effective usages of FES-LE in SCI individuals.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134436586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036745
Naosuke Yamamoto, M. Nitta, Y. Tagawa, H. Kuno
We examined the stability of the ankle joint moment (AM) and M-wave amplitude evoked by electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. The use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) is associated with some problems, including the fact that the muscle activity evoked by electrical stimulation decreases with muscle fatigue. Also, when electrical stimulation is delivered via surface electrodes, the stimulation reaching the muscle can vary according to the impedance between the electrode and the skin. In this paper, we performed experiments to (1) examine the relation between AM and stimulation intensity and between M-wave amplitude and stimulation intensity; (2) determine the change in this relation over a long duration; and (3) identify a strategy to allow the muscle to recover from fatigue. In the first experiment, M-wave amplitude and AM changed similarly with respect to the stimulation voltage. In the second experiment, the pattern of the M-wave and AM both showed downward. The pattern, however, was not similar at the soleus. In the third experiment, M-wave and AM remained almost constant compared with fatigued response in the second experiment. We showed that it is possible to generate a stable AM using electrical stimulation of the muscle. To ensure the stability of AM, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the muscle (e.g., the proportion of fast and slow twitch fibers), the stimulation area, and the state of the muscles (e.g., fatigue).
{"title":"A pilot study of the stability of the ankle joint moment and M-wave evoked by intermittent stimulation","authors":"Naosuke Yamamoto, M. Nitta, Y. Tagawa, H. Kuno","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036745","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the stability of the ankle joint moment (AM) and M-wave amplitude evoked by electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. The use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) is associated with some problems, including the fact that the muscle activity evoked by electrical stimulation decreases with muscle fatigue. Also, when electrical stimulation is delivered via surface electrodes, the stimulation reaching the muscle can vary according to the impedance between the electrode and the skin. In this paper, we performed experiments to (1) examine the relation between AM and stimulation intensity and between M-wave amplitude and stimulation intensity; (2) determine the change in this relation over a long duration; and (3) identify a strategy to allow the muscle to recover from fatigue. In the first experiment, M-wave amplitude and AM changed similarly with respect to the stimulation voltage. In the second experiment, the pattern of the M-wave and AM both showed downward. The pattern, however, was not similar at the soleus. In the third experiment, M-wave and AM remained almost constant compared with fatigued response in the second experiment. We showed that it is possible to generate a stable AM using electrical stimulation of the muscle. To ensure the stability of AM, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the muscle (e.g., the proportion of fast and slow twitch fibers), the stimulation area, and the state of the muscles (e.g., fatigue).","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115310312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036759
M. Ng, Maryam Pourmajidian, N. A. Hamzaid
The experiment is to investigate the reliability of two different mechanomyogram (MMG) sensors recording during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-evoked contraction. The MMG based sensors used in this study are vibromyography (VMG) and muscle contraction (MC) sensor. One spinal cord injured (SCI) patient was requested to perform knee extension movements during two sessions of isotonic exercise for strength and fatigue tests. Data from each sensor was collected, processed and analysed in personal computer. Processed data of sensors were correlated with the measured output torque to identify the linearity of sensors signal with output. Analyzed data from both MMG based sensors are tabulated and compared. The sensor with coefficient of correlation nearest to 1 is considered more reliable in muscle activity and fatigue detection. From the findings, it can be concluded that MC sensor is better in detecting and measuring muscle activities for SCI subjects. While for detecting and measuring muscle fatigue VMG performs better for SCI subjects.
{"title":"Mechanomyography sensors for detection of muscle activities and fatigue during Fes-evoked contraction","authors":"M. Ng, Maryam Pourmajidian, N. A. Hamzaid","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036759","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment is to investigate the reliability of two different mechanomyogram (MMG) sensors recording during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-evoked contraction. The MMG based sensors used in this study are vibromyography (VMG) and muscle contraction (MC) sensor. One spinal cord injured (SCI) patient was requested to perform knee extension movements during two sessions of isotonic exercise for strength and fatigue tests. Data from each sensor was collected, processed and analysed in personal computer. Processed data of sensors were correlated with the measured output torque to identify the linearity of sensors signal with output. Analyzed data from both MMG based sensors are tabulated and compared. The sensor with coefficient of correlation nearest to 1 is considered more reliable in muscle activity and fatigue detection. From the findings, it can be concluded that MC sensor is better in detecting and measuring muscle activities for SCI subjects. While for detecting and measuring muscle fatigue VMG performs better for SCI subjects.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128495760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036760
Maryam Pourmajidian, Yasotha Padmanatha, Hasliza Yusoff, A. Wahab, N. Hasnan, N. A. Hamzaid, G. Davis
A pilot investigation was conducted on the measurement of muscle performance during voluntary exercise using a novel mechanomyogram muscle contraction sensor quantifying muscle tension - the MC-Sensor (TMG-BMC Ltd. Ljubljana, Slovenia). Surface electromyography (sEMG) and the torque output from an isokinetic dynamometer were used as reference for comparative assessment of the MC-sensor data. Five able-bodied subjects performed isokinetic knee extension at 90 deg· s-1 and 120 deg· s-1. Correlation coefficients (r) between the muscle tension data from MC-sensor, sEMG and Biodex were calculated using Microsoft Excel and a high correlation was observed with an average rvalue of 0.82 to 0.91 at 90 deg· s1, and 0.77 to 0.90 at 120 deg· s-1, respectively. A stronger association was observed between MC-sensor and Biodex, compared to MC-EMG and Biodex-EMG. This might be due to reported complications in achieving an accurate force-EMG ratio. However, further research is necessary to establish the reliability of the mechanomyogram sensors before muscle tension can be utilized as a proxy for muscle force during functional electrical stimulation(FES)-evoked exercise and/or functional movements.
{"title":"Evaluation of isokinetic muscle performance using a novel mechanomyogram sensor","authors":"Maryam Pourmajidian, Yasotha Padmanatha, Hasliza Yusoff, A. Wahab, N. Hasnan, N. A. Hamzaid, G. Davis","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036760","url":null,"abstract":"A pilot investigation was conducted on the measurement of muscle performance during voluntary exercise using a novel mechanomyogram muscle contraction sensor quantifying muscle tension - the MC-Sensor (TMG-BMC Ltd. Ljubljana, Slovenia). Surface electromyography (sEMG) and the torque output from an isokinetic dynamometer were used as reference for comparative assessment of the MC-sensor data. Five able-bodied subjects performed isokinetic knee extension at 90 deg· s-1 and 120 deg· s-1. Correlation coefficients (r) between the muscle tension data from MC-sensor, sEMG and Biodex were calculated using Microsoft Excel and a high correlation was observed with an average rvalue of 0.82 to 0.91 at 90 deg· s1, and 0.77 to 0.90 at 120 deg· s-1, respectively. A stronger association was observed between MC-sensor and Biodex, compared to MC-EMG and Biodex-EMG. This might be due to reported complications in achieving an accurate force-EMG ratio. However, further research is necessary to establish the reliability of the mechanomyogram sensors before muscle tension can be utilized as a proxy for muscle force during functional electrical stimulation(FES)-evoked exercise and/or functional movements.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115976634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036753
Matthias Mueller, F. Kohler, J. Ordonez, T. Stieglitz, M. Schuettler
Over the last decade we developed methods for the fabrication of laser-structured electrode arrays for neural engineering. For these electrode arrays a metal foil was structured with a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the nanosecond pulse regime and placed within a silicone rubber substrate. Due to process restrictions the individual electrode sites are not in plane with the upper layer of the silicone rubber. Here, a new laser in the picosecond regime (355 nm Nd:YVO4) was used for laser-structuring. This allowed the fabrication of a novel electrode array out of a 25 μm thick sheet of MP35N metal with thinned-down and buried tracks as well as fixations for the electrode sites and contact pads. For the opening of the single electrodes two different processes, hatching and cutting, have been tested. Due to the interaction of the laser with the metal hatched electrodes had an increased surface area which was investigated with electrochemical measurements. The individual thicknesses of the layers were measured with a novel way of directly laser cutting the electrodes and measuring under a light microscope.
{"title":"Fabrication of flat electrodes utilizing picosecond laser manufacturing technology: Preliminary study for fabrication of a novel transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode","authors":"Matthias Mueller, F. Kohler, J. Ordonez, T. Stieglitz, M. Schuettler","doi":"10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFESS.2014.7036753","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade we developed methods for the fabrication of laser-structured electrode arrays for neural engineering. For these electrode arrays a metal foil was structured with a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the nanosecond pulse regime and placed within a silicone rubber substrate. Due to process restrictions the individual electrode sites are not in plane with the upper layer of the silicone rubber. Here, a new laser in the picosecond regime (355 nm Nd:YVO4) was used for laser-structuring. This allowed the fabrication of a novel electrode array out of a 25 μm thick sheet of MP35N metal with thinned-down and buried tracks as well as fixations for the electrode sites and contact pads. For the opening of the single electrodes two different processes, hatching and cutting, have been tested. Due to the interaction of the laser with the metal hatched electrodes had an increased surface area which was investigated with electrochemical measurements. The individual thicknesses of the layers were measured with a novel way of directly laser cutting the electrodes and measuring under a light microscope.","PeriodicalId":268238,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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