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Improving network security through SDN in cloud scenarios 通过SDN提升云场景下的网络安全性
Sebastian Seeber, G. Rodosek
The recent emergence of cloud enabled applications raises security concerns increasingly, since more and more personal and company data is outsourced. The security of single systems and services was broadly treated in the past. Cloud systems and services require a more detailed observation of their security requirements and fulfillment, since a huge amount of services and systems coexist on one virtualization layer without knowing other systems on the same layer. Only the cloud provider has a rare idea of these systems' behavior in his own cloud environment. Therefore this work proposes a network security approach which is aware of all existing systems and services hosted by at least one cloud provider. The main idea is to maintain a logically centralized database that provides latest security related information about each system or service. Using this knowledge base, our approach ponders a systems' security score, security requirements given by the systems' owners and the cloud provider, and reconfigures the network accordingly to meet the security requirements for every system. In addition, the reconfiguration process can be used to redirect traffic to additional security systems, in order to obtain more detailed information about a system and therefore increase the accuracy of the specific systems' security score.
由于越来越多的个人和公司数据被外包,最近出现的支持云计算的应用程序日益引起人们对安全问题的关注。单一系统和服务的安全性在过去被广泛对待。云系统和服务需要更详细地观察它们的安全需求和实现,因为大量的服务和系统共存于一个虚拟化层,而不知道同一层上的其他系统。只有云提供商对这些系统在自己的云环境中的行为有一个罕见的概念。因此,这项工作提出了一种网络安全方法,该方法可以识别由至少一个云提供商托管的所有现有系统和服务。其主要思想是维护一个逻辑上集中的数据库,该数据库提供有关每个系统或服务的最新安全相关信息。使用这个知识库,我们的方法考虑系统的安全评分、系统所有者和云提供商给出的安全需求,并相应地重新配置网络以满足每个系统的安全需求。此外,重新配置过程可用于将流量重定向到其他安全系统,以便获得有关系统的更详细信息,从而提高特定系统安全评分的准确性。
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引用次数: 18
The Majord'Home: a SDN approach to let isps manage and extend their customers'home networks Majord'Home:一种SDN方法,让isp管理和扩展其客户的家庭网络
M. Boussard, Dinh Thai Bui, R. Douville, N. L. Sauze, L. Noirie, P. Peloso, Rémi Varloot, M. Vigoureux
As the number and variety of connected devices increase, most end-users find themselves unable to manage their home networks properly, not having enough time and/or knowledge to do so. In this paper, we propose a new approach to remove this burden from them, by fully virtualizing the home network and delegating its management and operations to the ISP, while keeping end-users in control. We furthermore define the architecture of our software-based Majord'Home solution. Acting as a majordomo of the home, it handles a representation of the home objects and network constraints, automates the connectivity between heterogeneous elements and thus meets the needs of end-users. We finally describe the first version of our on-going implementation as a proof of concept.
随着连接设备的数量和种类的增加,大多数最终用户发现自己无法正确管理家庭网络,因为没有足够的时间和/或知识来这样做。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法来消除这种负担,通过完全虚拟化家庭网络并将其管理和操作委托给ISP,同时保持最终用户的控制。我们进一步定义了基于软件的Majord'Home解决方案的体系结构。作为家庭的主体,它处理家庭对象和网络约束的表示,自动化异构元素之间的连接,从而满足最终用户的需求。我们最后将我们正在进行的实现的第一个版本描述为概念验证。
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引用次数: 9
An algorithm for load balancing in network management applications managing Virtualised Network Functions 管理虚拟化网络功能的网络管理应用程序中的负载平衡算法
Sajeevan Achuthan, J. Keeney, Liam Fallon
In network management applications, load balancing has typically been achieved by manually configuring the application in-situ or using configuration information generated using offline tools. As networks increase in scale and heterogeneity, management applications are being designed to take advantage of scalable computer hardware and often have multiple instances, each of which bears a portion of the management load of the network elements or functions being managed. The communication between management applications and the network elements they are managing is often stateful, posing a challenge for load balancing because connections must be managed if responsibility for managing some network elements change from one instance to another during load balancing. In this paper, we describe an algorithm that enables load balancing of telecommunication management applications for an arbitrary number of VNFs (Virtual Network Functions). The algorithm, triggered by NFV (Network Function Virtualisaton) orchestration, is horizontally scalable and there is no single point of failure once two or more management application instances are running.
在网络管理应用程序中,负载平衡通常是通过在现场手动配置应用程序或使用使用离线工具生成的配置信息来实现的。随着网络规模和异构性的增加,管理应用程序被设计为利用可伸缩的计算机硬件,并且通常具有多个实例,每个实例承担被管理的网络元素或功能的一部分管理负载。管理应用程序和它们所管理的网络元素之间的通信通常是有状态的,这对负载平衡提出了挑战,因为如果在负载平衡期间管理某些网络元素的责任从一个实例更改到另一个实例,则必须管理连接。在本文中,我们描述了一种算法,使电信管理应用程序的负载平衡为任意数量的VNFs(虚拟网络功能)。该算法由NFV(网络功能虚拟化)编排触发,具有水平可伸缩性,并且在两个或多个管理应用程序实例同时运行时不会出现单点故障。
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引用次数: 3
CCN economics: Can ISPs profit by introducing CCN? CCN经济学:互联网服务提供商能否通过引入CCN获利?
N. Kamiyama
Content centric networking (CCN) has attracted a great deal of attention as a network that can efficiently deliver content. In CCN, content is delivered using the content name, instead of the host IP address, from cache memory implemented at routers. The nodes sending content are not explicitly indicated, and content is delivered from routers that have copies of content on the routes where the Interest packets are transmitted. Therefore, as a result of introducing CCN in ISP networks, the pattern of traffic exchanges among ISPs will change considerably. Customer ISPs normally pay a transit fee to transit ISPs based on the traffic volume transmitted on the transit links. Therefore, the introduction of CCN by ISPs will affect the profit of ISPs. CCN is introduced and operated by ISPs based on their business judgment, so it is important to estimate how CCN affects ISP profit in order to investigate the likelihood of CCN spreading among many ISPs. In this paper, we formalize the profit of ISPs when implementing CCN, assuming a hierarchical topology of ISPs in three levels and investigate the likelihood of CCN spreading through numerical evaluation.
内容中心网络(CCN)作为一种能够高效传递内容的网络,受到了广泛的关注。在CCN中,内容使用内容名称而不是主机IP地址从路由器上实现的高速缓存中传递。发送内容的节点没有明确指出,内容是从在发送兴趣包的路由上有内容副本的路由器发送的。因此,由于在ISP网络中引入CCN, ISP之间的流量交换模式将发生很大变化。客户isp通常根据在中转链路上传输的流量向中转isp支付过境费。因此,网络服务提供商引入CCN将影响网络服务提供商的利润。CCN是由ISP根据其商业判断引入和运营的,因此为了研究CCN在众多ISP中传播的可能性,评估CCN如何影响ISP的利润是很重要的。在本文中,我们形式化了isp在实施CCN时的利润,假设了三个层次的isp的分层拓扑结构,并通过数值评估研究了CCN传播的可能性。
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引用次数: 3
Management requirements for ClickOS-based Network Function Virtualization 基于clickos的网络功能虚拟化管理要求
Lucas Bondan, C. R. P. D. Santos, L. Granville
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a new approach to design, deploy, and manage network functions. In a recent past, such functions used to be implemented at hardware. This approach, besides effective, presents many disadvantages such as increased operational costs, difficulties to scale up or down the network, and deploy new functions. The rise of virtualization technologies, on the other side, provides new ways to rethink about network functions. Instead of specialized and expensive hardware, multiple network functions can share the same commodity hardware, thus contributing to a better utilization of resources. Besides its advantages, NFV is still on its early stages of employment. Important aspects are not yet being investigated by the research community. For example, to this date, the management requirements of NFV remain unclear. Therefore, the present paper addresses this subject, it presents a realistic network function request, which is used to identify management requirements in the context of a specific NFV enabler platform called ClickOS.
网络功能虚拟化(NFV)是一种设计、部署和管理网络功能的新方法。在最近的过去,这些功能都是在硬件上实现的。这种方法除了有效之外,还存在许多缺点,例如增加运营成本、难以扩大或缩小网络以及部署新功能。另一方面,虚拟化技术的兴起提供了重新思考网络功能的新方法。多个网络功能可以共享相同的商品硬件,而不是专门的昂贵硬件,从而有助于更好地利用资源。除了其优势之外,NFV仍处于应用的早期阶段。重要的方面还没有被研究界调查。例如,到目前为止,NFV的管理要求仍然不明确。因此,本文解决了这个问题,它提出了一个现实的网络功能请求,用于识别特定NFV使能平台ClickOS背景下的管理需求。
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引用次数: 22
VNF-P: A model for efficient placement of virtualized network functions VNF-P:有效放置虚拟化网络功能的模型
Hendrik Moens, F. Turck
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is an upcoming paradigm where network functionality is virtualized and split up into multiple building blocks that can be chained together to provide the required functionality. This approach increases network flexibility and scalability as these building blocks can be allocated and reallocated at runtime depending on demand. The success of this approach depends on the existence and performance of algorithms that determine where, and how these building blocks are instantiated. In this paper, we present and evaluate a formal model for resource allocation of virtualized network functions within NFV environments, a problem we refer to as Virtual Network Function Placement (VNF-P). We focus on a hybrid scenario where part of the services may be provided by dedicated physical hardware, and where part of the services are provided using virtualized service instances. We evaluate the VNF-P model using a small service provider scenario and two types of service chains, and evaluate its execution speed. We find that the algorithms finish in 16 seconds or less for a small service provider scenario, making it feasible to react quickly to changing demand.
网络功能虚拟化(Network Functions Virtualization, NFV)是一种即将到来的范式,它将网络功能虚拟化并拆分为多个构建块,这些构建块可以链接在一起以提供所需的功能。这种方法增加了网络的灵活性和可伸缩性,因为这些构建块可以在运行时根据需求进行分配和重新分配。这种方法的成功取决于确定在何处以及如何实例化这些构建块的算法的存在和性能。在本文中,我们提出并评估了NFV环境中虚拟化网络功能资源分配的正式模型,我们将这个问题称为虚拟网络功能放置(VNF-P)。我们关注的是混合场景,其中部分服务可能由专用物理硬件提供,而部分服务则使用虚拟化服务实例提供。我们使用小型服务提供商场景和两种类型的服务链来评估VNF-P模型,并评估其执行速度。我们发现,对于小型服务提供商场景,算法在16秒或更短的时间内完成,这使得对不断变化的需求做出快速反应成为可能。
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引用次数: 442
Improving Virtual Machine live migration via application-level workload analysis 通过应用程序级工作负载分析改进虚拟机实时迁移
Artur Baruchi, E. T. Midorikawa, M. Netto
Virtual Machine (VM) live migration is key for implementing resource management policies to optimize metrics such as server utilization, energy consumption, and quality-of-service. A fundamental challenge for VM live migration is its impact on both user and resource provider sides, including service downtime and high network utilization. Several VM live migration studies have been published in the literature. However, they mostly consider only system level metrics such as CPU, memory, and network usage to trigger VM migrations. This paper introduces ALMA, an Application-aware Live Migration Architecture that explores application level information, in addition to the traditional system level metrics, to determine the best time to perform a migration. Based on experiments with three real applications, by considering application characteristics to trigger the VM live migration, we observed a substantial reduction in data transferred over the network of up to 42% and the total live migration time decrease of up to 63%.
虚拟机(VM)实时迁移是实现资源管理策略以优化服务器利用率、能耗和服务质量等指标的关键。虚拟机实时迁移的一个基本挑战是它对用户和资源提供方的影响,包括服务停机时间和高网络利用率。一些VM实时迁移研究已经在文献中发表。然而,它们大多只考虑系统级指标,如CPU、内存和网络使用情况来触发VM迁移。本文介绍了ALMA,这是一种应用程序感知的实时迁移体系结构,除了传统的系统级度量外,它还探索应用程序级信息,以确定执行迁移的最佳时间。基于三个真实应用程序的实验,通过考虑应用程序特征来触发VM动态迁移,我们观察到通过网络传输的数据大幅减少了42%,总动态迁移时间减少了63%。
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引用次数: 9
A cloud infrastructure for scalable and elastic multimedia conferencing applications 用于可扩展和弹性多媒体会议应用程序的云基础设施
F. Taheri, J. George, F. Belqasmi, N. Kara, R. Glitho
Multimedia conferencing applications play a critical role in business and everyday life. However, scalability and elasticity remain quite elusive, even though they are the keys to efficiency in resource usage. A cloud-based approach could solve the scalability and elasticity issues and bring other benefits such as an easy introduction of new applications. This paper proposes a cloud infrastructure that relies on fine-grained conferencing substrates. These substrates are virtualized and shared by conferencing applications. They enable scalability and elasticity.
多媒体会议应用程序在商业和日常生活中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,尽管可伸缩性和弹性是提高资源使用效率的关键,但它们仍然难以捉摸。基于云的方法可以解决可伸缩性和弹性问题,并带来其他好处,例如易于引入新应用程序。本文提出了一种依赖于细粒度会议基板的云基础设施。这些基板通过会议应用程序虚拟化和共享。它们支持可伸缩性和弹性。
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引用次数: 8
Dynamic time slot allocation for Multiuser OFDM/TDMA networks using effective bandwidth and βMWM network traffic modeling 基于有效带宽和βMWM网络流量建模的多用户OFDM/TDMA网络动态时隙分配
F. Vieira, B.H. Goncalves, F. Rocha, Luan L. Lee
In this paper, we propose an adaptive allocation scheme which determines the number of time slots for each user in an OFDM/TDMA system using the Effective Bandwidth theory. For that purpose, we developed an algorithm to adaptively estimate the parameters of the MWM (Multifractal Wavelet Model) traffic model that allow us to calculate the effective bandwidth for the incoming traffic flows. We evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive allocation scheme through simulations using real traffic traces.
在本文中,我们提出了一种自适应分配方案,该方案利用有效带宽理论来确定OFDM/TDMA系统中每个用户的时隙数量。为此,我们开发了一种算法来自适应估计MWM(多重分形小波模型)流量模型的参数,使我们能够计算入站流量的有效带宽。我们通过使用真实交通轨迹的仿真来评估所提出的自适应分配方案的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an automatic managing system of wide-area distributed networks with defined network specification 具有明确网络规范的广域分布式网络自动管理系统的开发
Y. Tsuzaki, Y. Okabe, Ray S. Atarashi, Tatsuya Hayashi
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) attracts attention as a technology to control and manage IP networks, which are inherently designed to be operated autonomously and decentralized, in a centralized manner. There have been proposed some SDN protocols like OpenFlow, but they have a restriction that existing legacy network devices which do not support SDN protocols are not controllable. In this paper, we allow an administrator to manage a wide-area distributed network composed of campus networks and data-center networks in which network devices do not have SDN features, in a single unitary policy, under an assumption that the backbone network supports SDN protocols like OpenFlow. We propose a network management system which generates necessary configuration based on defined network specification and sets the configuration to devices automatically and reactively, based on our Service-Defined Networking (SvDN) concept.
软件定义网络(SDN)作为一种以集中方式控制和管理IP网络的技术而受到关注,IP网络的本质是自主和分散的。已经提出了一些SDN协议,如OpenFlow,但它们有一个限制,即现有的不支持SDN协议的传统网络设备是不可控制的。在本文中,我们允许管理员在一个单一的策略中管理由校园网和数据中心网络组成的广域分布式网络,其中网络设备不具有SDN功能,假设骨干网支持SDN协议(如OpenFlow)。我们提出了一个网络管理系统,该系统基于我们的服务定义网络(SvDN)概念,根据已定义的网络规范生成必要的配置,并自动响应地将配置设置给设备。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
10th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) and Workshop
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