Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85011
B. Mishra, Nirvay Sah, Sanjeev Wasti
The chicken oviduct is a unique organ in which ovulated yolk transforms into a complete egg. Ovarian hormones induce the cellular and biochemical changes in the oviducts during the egg formation and oviposition. Estradiol regulates the folliculogenesis, accumulation of yolk in the follicles, ovulation, and development of oviducts. Estradiol also induces glandular development and expression of the genes responsible for egg white proteins. Progesterone induces the ovulation of yolk from the ovary, and development of oviductal glands. In addition, several genes are spatiotemporally expressed in the magnum for albumen synthesis and deposition around the yolk, in the isthmus for shell membranes synthesis, and in the uterus for eggshell biomineralization. This chapter highlights the involvement of hormones, genes/proteins, and their interaction for egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens.
{"title":"Genetic and Hormonal Regulation of Egg Formation in the Oviduct of Laying Hens","authors":"B. Mishra, Nirvay Sah, Sanjeev Wasti","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85011","url":null,"abstract":"The chicken oviduct is a unique organ in which ovulated yolk transforms into a complete egg. Ovarian hormones induce the cellular and biochemical changes in the oviducts during the egg formation and oviposition. Estradiol regulates the folliculogenesis, accumulation of yolk in the follicles, ovulation, and development of oviducts. Estradiol also induces glandular development and expression of the genes responsible for egg white proteins. Progesterone induces the ovulation of yolk from the ovary, and development of oviductal glands. In addition, several genes are spatiotemporally expressed in the magnum for albumen synthesis and deposition around the yolk, in the isthmus for shell membranes synthesis, and in the uterus for eggshell biomineralization. This chapter highlights the involvement of hormones, genes/proteins, and their interaction for egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens.","PeriodicalId":269933,"journal":{"name":"Poultry - An Advanced Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132896054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-26DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83811
A. Oloyo, Adedamola M. Ojerinde
Majority of the people in the poorest regions of the tropics rely on poultry production as their major source of protein supply. However, poultry production is hindered by the harsh environmental conditions in this regions therefore, reducing the daily supply of protein. It is believed that understanding heat stress in birds by paying detail attention to the sources of heat generation in a poultry house can help manage the heat stress situation in this region. This text reviews the internal climatic conditions of the poultry houses, how the birds respond to them, and their implications for heat management in poultry production. Thus, it provides perti-nent information for guidance on parameters for open poultry houses architectural design that ensures optimum climatic conditions that will alleviate heat stress problem in poultry production in hot and humid climate.
{"title":"Poultry Housing and Management","authors":"A. Oloyo, Adedamola M. Ojerinde","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83811","url":null,"abstract":"Majority of the people in the poorest regions of the tropics rely on poultry production as their major source of protein supply. However, poultry production is hindered by the harsh environmental conditions in this regions therefore, reducing the daily supply of protein. It is believed that understanding heat stress in birds by paying detail attention to the sources of heat generation in a poultry house can help manage the heat stress situation in this region. This text reviews the internal climatic conditions of the poultry houses, how the birds respond to them, and their implications for heat management in poultry production. Thus, it provides perti-nent information for guidance on parameters for open poultry houses architectural design that ensures optimum climatic conditions that will alleviate heat stress problem in poultry production in hot and humid climate.","PeriodicalId":269933,"journal":{"name":"Poultry - An Advanced Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128173559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-08DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83751
E. Tekce, B. Bayraktar, V. Aksakal
Stress is the biological or external alteration of the organism against the factors that make it possible to achieve hemostasis or normal physiological balance. In our world, temperature increase due to climate change has become one of the most important stress factors in poultry sector. This research investigated the effects of essential oil mixture (EOM; Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Thymus vulgaris , Cymbopogon nardus , and Syzygium aromaticum ) broilers adding to the drinking water under heat stress conditions. The fatty acid profile was evaluated. In a 42-day study, 400 Ross-308 male chickens (1-day-old) were randomly assigned to eight different groups ( n = 50), each containing five subgroups ( n = 10). As a result of the research, in stress-free groups 22°C rations of myristic acid (C 14:0 ), palmitic acid (C 16:0 ), stearic acid (C 18:0 ), oleic acid (C 18:1 ), linoleic acid (C 18:2n-6t ), and Cis 11 eicosapentaenoic acid (C 20: 1n9) increased, whereas MUFA, UFA, and behenic acid (C 22:0 ) reduced. However, in stressed groups, 36°C rations of myristic acid (C 14:0 ), palmitic acid (C 16:0 ), stearic acid (C 18:0 ), and arachidonic acid (C 20:0 ) decreased, increased the UFA ratio, and had no effect on the MUFA and PUFA.
{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Some Herbal Extracts Used in Different Ratios on Meat Fatty Acid Profile Level in Experimental Heat Stress Created in Broilers","authors":"E. Tekce, B. Bayraktar, V. Aksakal","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83751","url":null,"abstract":"Stress is the biological or external alteration of the organism against the factors that make it possible to achieve hemostasis or normal physiological balance. In our world, temperature increase due to climate change has become one of the most important stress factors in poultry sector. This research investigated the effects of essential oil mixture (EOM; Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Thymus vulgaris , Cymbopogon nardus , and Syzygium aromaticum ) broilers adding to the drinking water under heat stress conditions. The fatty acid profile was evaluated. In a 42-day study, 400 Ross-308 male chickens (1-day-old) were randomly assigned to eight different groups ( n = 50), each containing five subgroups ( n = 10). As a result of the research, in stress-free groups 22°C rations of myristic acid (C 14:0 ), palmitic acid (C 16:0 ), stearic acid (C 18:0 ), oleic acid (C 18:1 ), linoleic acid (C 18:2n-6t ), and Cis 11 eicosapentaenoic acid (C 20: 1n9) increased, whereas MUFA, UFA, and behenic acid (C 22:0 ) reduced. However, in stressed groups, 36°C rations of myristic acid (C 14:0 ), palmitic acid (C 16:0 ), stearic acid (C 18:0 ), and arachidonic acid (C 20:0 ) decreased, increased the UFA ratio, and had no effect on the MUFA and PUFA.","PeriodicalId":269933,"journal":{"name":"Poultry - An Advanced Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121472007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83800
Zhuanjian Li, T. Ren, Wenya Li, R. Han
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) are transcripts greater than 200 nt in length with decreased coding potential and are widespread in all types of biological organisms. lncRNAs can interact with protein, DNA and RNA, respectively, which may participate in the multilevel regulation of transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic modifications. It is well known that lncRNA, which length is single-stranded non-coding RNA molecule, plays crucial roles in animal growth, development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and other life activities. In this research, we review the regulation mechanism and current research status of lncRNAs in chicken economic traits and disease, which would contribute to further understanding the regulatory mechanisms and application of lncRNAs in poultry.
{"title":"Regulatory Mechanism and Application of lncRNAs in Poultry","authors":"Zhuanjian Li, T. Ren, Wenya Li, R. Han","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83800","url":null,"abstract":"Long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) are transcripts greater than 200 nt in length with decreased coding potential and are widespread in all types of biological organisms. lncRNAs can interact with protein, DNA and RNA, respectively, which may participate in the multilevel regulation of transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic modifications. It is well known that lncRNA, which length is single-stranded non-coding RNA molecule, plays crucial roles in animal growth, development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and other life activities. In this research, we review the regulation mechanism and current research status of lncRNAs in chicken economic traits and disease, which would contribute to further understanding the regulatory mechanisms and application of lncRNAs in poultry.","PeriodicalId":269933,"journal":{"name":"Poultry - An Advanced Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120895259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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