Sina Blassnig, P. Rodi, Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt, Kinga Adamczewska, L. Raycheva, Sven Engesser, F. Esser, C. Reinemann, J. Stanyer, T. Aalberg, C. D. Vreese
European media systems have been affected by major changes in the last few decades that have facilitated the dissemination of populist messages, including increased media ownership concentration, increased commercialization, and a stronger orientation towards news values (Esser, Stepinska, & Hopmann, 2017). At the same time, Europe has faced several political crises, such as the European sovereign debt crisis, the refugee crisis, and ‘Brexit’. Against this background, we analyze populist communication in immigration news coverage as well as in opinion pieces within two time periods (2016 & 2017) across twelve European countries. We define populism as a ‘thin’ ideology (Mudde, 2004) and derive four dimensions of populist communication: people-centrism, anti-elitism, the exclusion of specific out-groups, and restoring sovereignty (Meny & Surel, 2002; Reinemann, Aalberg, Esser, Stromback, & de Vreese, 2017). This chapter provides a theoretical introduction to populist communication in the media, and a detailed description of the methodological approach, as well as first descriptive results of the study.
{"title":"Dimensions, Speakers, and Targets","authors":"Sina Blassnig, P. Rodi, Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt, Kinga Adamczewska, L. Raycheva, Sven Engesser, F. Esser, C. Reinemann, J. Stanyer, T. Aalberg, C. D. Vreese","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-5","url":null,"abstract":"European media systems have been affected by major changes in the last few decades that have facilitated the dissemination of populist messages, including increased media ownership concentration, increased commercialization, and a stronger orientation towards news values (Esser, Stepinska, & Hopmann, 2017). At the same time, Europe has faced several political crises, such as the European sovereign debt crisis, the refugee crisis, and ‘Brexit’. Against this background, we analyze populist communication in immigration news coverage as well as in opinion pieces within two time periods (2016 & 2017) across twelve European countries. We define populism as a ‘thin’ ideology (Mudde, 2004) and derive four dimensions of populist communication: people-centrism, anti-elitism, the exclusion of specific out-groups, and restoring sovereignty (Meny & Surel, 2002; Reinemann, Aalberg, Esser, Stromback, & de Vreese, 2017). This chapter provides a theoretical introduction to populist communication in the media, and a detailed description of the methodological approach, as well as first descriptive results of the study.","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122951206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Maurer, N. Hubé, V. Štětka, Cristina Cremonesi, A. Seddone, Signe Ringdal Bergan, J. Stanyer, Marian Tomov, Naama A Weiss, Sven Engesser, F. Esser
{"title":"Journalistic Culture, Editorial Mission, and News Logic","authors":"P. Maurer, N. Hubé, V. Štětka, Cristina Cremonesi, A. Seddone, Signe Ringdal Bergan, J. Stanyer, Marian Tomov, Naama A Weiss, Sven Engesser, F. Esser","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116355231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Stanyer, Susana Salgado, G. Bobba, Gergő Hajzer, D. Hopmann, N. Hubé, N. Merkovity, Gökay Özerim, S. Papathanassopoulos, Karen B. Sanders, Dušan Spasojević, Lenka Vochocová
{"title":"Journalists’ Perceptions of Populism and the Media","authors":"J. Stanyer, Susana Salgado, G. Bobba, Gergő Hajzer, D. Hopmann, N. Hubé, N. Merkovity, Gökay Özerim, S. Papathanassopoulos, Karen B. Sanders, Dušan Spasojević, Lenka Vochocová","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125816510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susana Salgado, J. Stanyer, Gergő Hajzer, D. Hopmann, B. Kalsnes, G. Legnante, Artur Lipiński, N. Merkovity, S. Papathanassopoulos, Karen B. Sanders
{"title":"Politicians’ Perceptions of Populism and the Media","authors":"Susana Salgado, J. Stanyer, Gergő Hajzer, D. Hopmann, B. Kalsnes, G. Legnante, Artur Lipiński, N. Merkovity, S. Papathanassopoulos, Karen B. Sanders","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123465138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.4324/9780429402067-10
Nicoleta Corbu, Linda Bos, Christian Schemer, A. Schulz, Jörg Matthes, C. D. Vreese, T. Aalberg, Jane Suiter
This chapter investigates the cognitive effects of different populist messages on blame attributions and stereotyping in the 15 countries participating in the study. It first gives an overview about whether respondents blamed politicians, the wealthy, immigrants, or ordinary people for the future economic decline described in the experimental stimulus. In addition, general stereotypical perceptions of those groups among respondents are presented. With respect to populist message effects, the analyses show that these were generally rather weak. But the analyses were also able to show that left-wing anti-out-group cues blaming ‘the rich’ and economic elites were most influential in this experiment. In contrast, the effects of anti-immigrant cues were much weaker, and neither anti-politics nor people-centrism cues made much of a difference for blame attributions and stereotypes. The chapter discusses the complex reasons for these differential effects. With respect to the impact of contextual factors, the analyses support the notion that the exact workings of populist communication seem to be rather country-specific. This supports findings from the interviews with journalists and politicians, as well as results of the content analysis presented in Parts I and II of this volume.
{"title":"Cognitive Responses to Populist Communication","authors":"Nicoleta Corbu, Linda Bos, Christian Schemer, A. Schulz, Jörg Matthes, C. D. Vreese, T. Aalberg, Jane Suiter","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the cognitive effects of different populist messages on blame attributions and stereotyping in the 15 countries participating in the study. It first gives an overview about whether respondents blamed politicians, the wealthy, immigrants, or ordinary people for the future economic decline described in the experimental stimulus. In addition, general stereotypical perceptions of those groups among respondents are presented. With respect to populist message effects, the analyses show that these were generally rather weak. But the analyses were also able to show that left-wing anti-out-group cues blaming ‘the rich’ and economic elites were most influential in this experiment. In contrast, the effects of anti-immigrant cues were much weaker, and neither anti-politics nor people-centrism cues made much of a difference for blame attributions and stereotypes. The chapter discusses the complex reasons for these differential effects. With respect to the impact of contextual factors, the analyses support the notion that the exact workings of populist communication seem to be rather country-specific. This supports findings from the interviews with journalists and politicians, as well as results of the content analysis presented in Parts I and II of this volume.","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130942648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Esser, Agnieszka Stępińska, Ondřej Pekáček, A. Seddone, S. Papathanassopoulos, Dobrinka Peicheva, Ana Milojević, Sina Blassnig, Sven Engesser
This chapter focuses on trends in reporting over time. It examines the presence of populist key messages in “news coverage of immigration” and “commentaries on current political events” in European newspapers at two points in time, namely spring 2016 and spring 2017. The chapter has a twofold aim. First, it will explore similarities and differences in the populist content of European newspapers between the two periods. Second, it identifies a set of extra-media and intra-media explanatory factors contributing to the understanding of the emerging differences in a year-to-year comparison. The chapter by Blassnig et al. in this volume provides more detailed information about the newspaper stories we content-analyzed. Two types of stories are analyzed: ‘news articles on immigration’, and ‘editorials commenting on current political events’ irrespective of the topic. While the chapter by Blassnig et al. pooled and jointly investigated the data from 2016 and 2017, and the chapter by Maurer et al. in this volume, used only content data from 2017, this chapter will evaluate and compare the data from 2016 and 2017. These two periods are seen as two phases of a news and policy cycle that responds to real world cues. The two phases are understood as stages of a crisis, which offer more or less favorable opportunity structures for populist discourse (Moffitt, 2015). As stated in the introduction to this volume, a whole range of contextual factors influence the populist worldview of crises and, subsequently, the use of populist communication in news reports and commentaries about theses crises.
{"title":"Event-, Politics-, and Audience-Driven News","authors":"F. Esser, Agnieszka Stępińska, Ondřej Pekáček, A. Seddone, S. Papathanassopoulos, Dobrinka Peicheva, Ana Milojević, Sina Blassnig, Sven Engesser","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on trends in reporting over time. It examines the presence of populist key messages in “news coverage of immigration” and “commentaries on current political events” in European newspapers at two points in time, namely spring 2016 and spring 2017. The chapter has a twofold aim. First, it will explore similarities and differences in the populist content of European newspapers between the two periods. Second, it identifies a set of extra-media and intra-media explanatory factors contributing to the understanding of the emerging differences in a year-to-year comparison. The chapter by Blassnig et al. in this volume provides more detailed information about the newspaper stories we content-analyzed. Two types of stories are analyzed: ‘news articles on immigration’, and ‘editorials commenting on current political events’ irrespective of the topic. While the chapter by Blassnig et al. pooled and jointly investigated the data from 2016 and 2017, and the chapter by Maurer et al. in this volume, used only content data from 2017, this chapter will evaluate and compare the data from 2016 and 2017. These two periods are seen as two phases of a news and policy cycle that responds to real world cues. The two phases are understood as stages of a crisis, which offer more or less favorable opportunity structures for populist discourse (Moffitt, 2015). As stated in the introduction to this volume, a whole range of contextual factors influence the populist worldview of crises and, subsequently, the use of populist communication in news reports and commentaries about theses crises.","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Persuasiveness of Populist Communication","authors":"M. Hameleers, C. Reinemann, D. Schmuck, N. Fawzi","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124701102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.4324/9780429402067-12
Claes H. de Vreese, C. Reinemann, J. Stanyer, F. Esser, T. Aalberg
{"title":"Adapting to the Different Shades of Populism","authors":"Claes H. de Vreese, C. Reinemann, J. Stanyer, F. Esser, T. Aalberg","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127060189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perceptions of Populism and the Media","authors":"Susana Salgado, J. Stanyer","doi":"10.4324/9780429402067-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429402067-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270094,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Populism","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130259142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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