Poultry waste is a promising renewable energy source for electricity generation. A poultry farm comprising 20000 chickens can generate a maximum of 2000 kg of waste daily, and this waste contains a substantial amount of stored energy. Typically, this waste is disposed of resulting it doesn't become a daily burden. The main objective of this research was to focus on the extraction of electrical energy from waste through the utilization of a biogas plant. For this study, a digester with a diameter of 8.24 m and a height of 3.30 m was designed for the biogas plant, which can produce up to 148 m3 of gas per day. Consequently, a total of 208.45 KWh of energy can be generated by employing a 13-kW generator. Regarding biogas plants, the estimated cost for installation amounted to approximately BDT 1145500. Furthermore, the payback period for this plant was calculated to be 2 years.
{"title":"Potential Electrical Power Generation and Installation Cost Analysis of a Biogas Plant Chicken Farm","authors":"Md. Joniur Rahaman, Firoj Ahamad, Md. Sohel Rana, Md. Nazmul Islam, Atik Mallik","doi":"10.46610/joares.2023.v09i03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2023.v09i03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry waste is a promising renewable energy source for electricity generation. A poultry farm comprising 20000 chickens can generate a maximum of 2000 kg of waste daily, and this waste contains a substantial amount of stored energy. Typically, this waste is disposed of resulting it doesn't become a daily burden. The main objective of this research was to focus on the extraction of electrical energy from waste through the utilization of a biogas plant. For this study, a digester with a diameter of 8.24 m and a height of 3.30 m was designed for the biogas plant, which can produce up to 148 m3 of gas per day. Consequently, a total of 208.45 KWh of energy can be generated by employing a 13-kW generator. Regarding biogas plants, the estimated cost for installation amounted to approximately BDT 1145500. Furthermore, the payback period for this plant was calculated to be 2 years.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.46610/joares.2023.v09i01.002
Yogeesh G H, R. R, Siddika Sabahath Anjum, Mahantesh C. Elemmi
Today, technology-driven electricity is one of the significant things for day-to-day activities. It is oblivious that renewable sources of energy are depleting at a fast rate. Hence, it is time for us to move the focus from conventional to non-conventional sources of energy for producing electricity. The output of the electricity produced by non-conventional sources is less than the conventional sources. But it is echo friendly which is not producing carbon dioxide. All renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like are used to generate electricity in domestic, agriculture, industries, public places etc. and non-renewable energy sources like piezoelectric generators are also used to produce electricity. As the price of fossil fuels fluctuates, renewable energy is quickly gaining prominence as an energy source. Solar energy is one of the most widely used sources of renewable energy. Many studies were done to explore strategies for improving the effectiveness of photovoltaic systems (solar panels). Due to the distinct benefits of piezoelectric generators, they have become a promising alternative green technology. It makes the system more dependable by reducing reliance on a single source. The hybrid system can be applied in both commercial and residential settings.
{"title":"Design and Development of Triple Power Generation Using Solar, Piezoelectric and Windmill Generator","authors":"Yogeesh G H, R. R, Siddika Sabahath Anjum, Mahantesh C. Elemmi","doi":"10.46610/joares.2023.v09i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2023.v09i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Today, technology-driven electricity is one of the significant things for day-to-day activities. It is oblivious that renewable sources of energy are depleting at a fast rate. Hence, it is time for us to move the focus from conventional to non-conventional sources of energy for producing electricity. The output of the electricity produced by non-conventional sources is less than the conventional sources. But it is echo friendly which is not producing carbon dioxide. All renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like are used to generate electricity in domestic, agriculture, industries, public places etc. and non-renewable energy sources like piezoelectric generators are also used to produce electricity. As the price of fossil fuels fluctuates, renewable energy is quickly gaining prominence as an energy source. Solar energy is one of the most widely used sources of renewable energy. Many studies were done to explore strategies for improving the effectiveness of photovoltaic systems (solar panels). Due to the distinct benefits of piezoelectric generators, they have become a promising alternative green technology. It makes the system more dependable by reducing reliance on a single source. The hybrid system can be applied in both commercial and residential settings.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132566500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.005
Hachimenum Nyebuchi Amadi
With the growing concern of climate change, global warming, and an inconstant supply of petroleum products, the transportation sector globally is developing a capable electricity-based means of transportation. As countries, the world over search for alternatives to traditional petroleum-based transport technologies, electric vehicles offer better promises and favorable technology. Electric Vehicles (EVs) provide emission-free, decarbonisation, and therefore environment-friendly transportation as well as a secure, comprehensive, and balanced energy option that is efficient, especially with the utilization of renewable energies. Electric Vehicles are progressing and are becoming more intelligent, thereby improving traffic safety and road utilization. This has the potential to significantly improve the energy scenario, and the environment and lead to the creation of a new EV sector thus contributing to overall economic development. Though much behind the developed countries like China, the United States, etc. in respect of this technology, a growing number of developing sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria are adopting the electric vehicle technology to ease urban transportation difficulties. This paper relies on extant literature on the subject matter and investigates the challenges and prospects of adopting electric vehicle technology in Nigeria.
{"title":"Electric Vehicles Adoption in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges","authors":"Hachimenum Nyebuchi Amadi","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.005","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing concern of climate change, global warming, and an inconstant supply of petroleum products, the transportation sector globally is developing a capable electricity-based means of transportation. As countries, the world over search for alternatives to traditional petroleum-based transport technologies, electric vehicles offer better promises and favorable technology. Electric Vehicles (EVs) provide emission-free, decarbonisation, and therefore environment-friendly transportation as well as a secure, comprehensive, and balanced energy option that is efficient, especially with the utilization of renewable energies. Electric Vehicles are progressing and are becoming more intelligent, thereby improving traffic safety and road utilization. This has the potential to significantly improve the energy scenario, and the environment and lead to the creation of a new EV sector thus contributing to overall economic development. Though much behind the developed countries like China, the United States, etc. in respect of this technology, a growing number of developing sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria are adopting the electric vehicle technology to ease urban transportation difficulties. This paper relies on extant literature on the subject matter and investigates the challenges and prospects of adopting electric vehicle technology in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134195236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.004
R. Arulmurugan
The main purpose of this project is to carry the five hundred to seven hundred load short distances. The problem identified is automobile vehicles used to transfer goods for short duration, everywhere. On the other hand, automobile fuel cost has increased abruptly. Due to rises in fuel cost, it is directly and indirectly affected by the cost of living. That means it directly raises all items' cost rise such as vegetable prices, construction materials, cosmetics, etc. On the other hand, automobile vehicles produce more pollutants in the environment. The main object of this paper is to design the fabrication of load-carry electrical vehicles. In the exciting electrical vehicle, auto-rickshaw cost is too high it cannot be afforded by average and below average people. The drawback of the exciting vehicle is the carriage covers 20% of the total load. In the proposed method design weightless carriage and more space as well comfort to carry the load on short as well long distances. The main merit of the proposed method are to reduce the 40% cost compared to the market price. The proposed fabrication 3D diagram and practical implementation as detailed in the following paragraph.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Load Carry Electrical Vehicle","authors":"R. Arulmurugan","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this project is to carry the five hundred to seven hundred load short distances. The problem identified is automobile vehicles used to transfer goods for short duration, everywhere. On the other hand, automobile fuel cost has increased abruptly. Due to rises in fuel cost, it is directly and indirectly affected by the cost of living. That means it directly raises all items' cost rise such as vegetable prices, construction materials, cosmetics, etc. On the other hand, automobile vehicles produce more pollutants in the environment. The main object of this paper is to design the fabrication of load-carry electrical vehicles. In the exciting electrical vehicle, auto-rickshaw cost is too high it cannot be afforded by average and below average people. The drawback of the exciting vehicle is the carriage covers 20% of the total load. In the proposed method design weightless carriage and more space as well comfort to carry the load on short as well long distances. The main merit of the proposed method are to reduce the 40% cost compared to the market price. The proposed fabrication 3D diagram and practical implementation as detailed in the following paragraph.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121552038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.003
Devasis Pradhan, Samrat Ray, A. Dash
This paper expects to dissect logical investigations zeroing in on both ecological maintainability and shrewd city ideas to discover the connection between these two. To do so, the review distinguishes data about scientists, models, structures, and devices zeroed in on the picked subjects. This examination utilizes a subjective strategy, through a precise survey of the writing, which looks at the terms, 'smart city and its sustainability', focused on maintainable improvement of smart urban communities. As per the 2030 Plan is a reasonable improvement achievement for humankind in its desire to focus on our people in the future really. Smart Urban areas assume a fundamental part in this turn of events, the turn of events heading is based, among different elements, on the satisfaction of the models set by the different Sustainable Development Objectives (SDOs). The motivation behind the ebb and flow research is to check the present status of science concerning the improvement of the SDOs in smart cities to lay out a hypothetical structure for the turn of events and mix of information well defined for a Smart City to partake in homogeneous observing of these pointers.
{"title":"A Critical Review on Sustainable Development of Green Smart Cities (GSCs) for Urbanization","authors":"Devasis Pradhan, Samrat Ray, A. Dash","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper expects to dissect logical investigations zeroing in on both ecological maintainability and shrewd city ideas to discover the connection between these two. To do so, the review distinguishes data about scientists, models, structures, and devices zeroed in on the picked subjects. This examination utilizes a subjective strategy, through a precise survey of the writing, which looks at the terms, 'smart city and its sustainability', focused on maintainable improvement of smart urban communities. As per the 2030 Plan is a reasonable improvement achievement for humankind in its desire to focus on our people in the future really. Smart Urban areas assume a fundamental part in this turn of events, the turn of events heading is based, among different elements, on the satisfaction of the models set by the different Sustainable Development Objectives (SDOs). The motivation behind the ebb and flow research is to check the present status of science concerning the improvement of the SDOs in smart cities to lay out a hypothetical structure for the turn of events and mix of information well defined for a Smart City to partake in homogeneous observing of these pointers.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127861250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.001
Melanie Ecalnea Ricardo
One of the dire consequences of Philippine economic advancement is environmental deterioration due to unfavorable upshots brought by fossil fuels as the main drivers of its electricity generation. To thwart this impeding dilemma, the Philippines is currently decarbonizing its system and transitioning into a more sustainable renewable energy (RE) game plan conforming to United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. This review article discusses the Philippine government's enablers, challenges, and initiatives toward its goal of a 50% renewable energy power mix by 2040. It also delineated the impacts of significant government renewable energy laws and programs on the current setting. A semi-systematic review was conducted among the peer-reviewed research articles and substantial private and government assessment reports relative to renewable energy development in the Philippines, with the date of publishing from 2016 to the present. Results showed that significant roadblocks to renewable energy deployment are political impediments, government support for coal, policy implementation, permitting process, environmental setbacks, foreign ownership, grid connection challenges and misperceptions. On the contrary, major drivers are depreciating cost, intermittency and seasonality solutions, investment risks on fossil fuel technology, employment creation, streamlined regulatory processes, and absence of transportation cost, among others. Initiatives were taken to strengthen domestic and foreign partnerships to maximize subsidies, grants, donations and investments. Given the enabling factors and current government mechanisms, the country has great potential to attain its 35% renewable energy target by 2030 and 50% by 2040 through a coordinated national RE target.
{"title":"Drivers, Roadblocks and Status Quo of Renewable Energy Transition in The Philippines: A Literature Review","authors":"Melanie Ecalnea Ricardo","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the dire consequences of Philippine economic advancement is environmental deterioration due to unfavorable upshots brought by fossil fuels as the main drivers of its electricity generation. To thwart this impeding dilemma, the Philippines is currently decarbonizing its system and transitioning into a more sustainable renewable energy (RE) game plan conforming to United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. This review article discusses the Philippine government's enablers, challenges, and initiatives toward its goal of a 50% renewable energy power mix by 2040. It also delineated the impacts of significant government renewable energy laws and programs on the current setting. A semi-systematic review was conducted among the peer-reviewed research articles and substantial private and government assessment reports relative to renewable energy development in the Philippines, with the date of publishing from 2016 to the present. Results showed that significant roadblocks to renewable energy deployment are political impediments, government support for coal, policy implementation, permitting process, environmental setbacks, foreign ownership, grid connection challenges and misperceptions. On the contrary, major drivers are depreciating cost, intermittency and seasonality solutions, investment risks on fossil fuel technology, employment creation, streamlined regulatory processes, and absence of transportation cost, among others. Initiatives were taken to strengthen domestic and foreign partnerships to maximize subsidies, grants, donations and investments. Given the enabling factors and current government mechanisms, the country has great potential to attain its 35% renewable energy target by 2030 and 50% by 2040 through a coordinated national RE target.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121758705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.002
Wodi E. I., Akpiri B. F., Chikere N. C., Azubuike C. O.
In most nonlinear systems, not all the states are available for measurement. In such instances, an observer is utilized to estimate the unavailable states. Designing observers for nonlinear systems has received widespread attention owing to its utmost significance and intensive mathematical computations generally, an observer is used to calculate approximately the mechanical quantities from the identified electrical variables in an energy harvesting system. In the past, several estimations remained a challenge because of the rigorous computational techniques involved. In this work, we present a means of designing an observer by using the algebraic Ricatti equation.
{"title":"Third Order Observer Design for a Rotating Energy Harvesting System - A Brief Paper","authors":"Wodi E. I., Akpiri B. F., Chikere N. C., Azubuike C. O.","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"In most nonlinear systems, not all the states are available for measurement. In such instances, an observer is utilized to estimate the unavailable states. Designing observers for nonlinear systems has received widespread attention owing to its utmost significance and intensive mathematical computations generally, an observer is used to calculate approximately the mechanical quantities from the identified electrical variables in an energy harvesting system. In the past, several estimations remained a challenge because of the rigorous computational techniques involved. In this work, we present a means of designing an observer by using the algebraic Ricatti equation.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126858604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.005
Purva Trivedi
This is the era of urbanization and industrialization. Since the beginning of industrialization and urbanization the energy demand has increased because energy consumption has also increased and it is increasing every day. For electrical energy generation world is still more dependent on fossil fuels. In the process of electricity generation, fossil fuels are burned, they release large amount of harmful pollutants in atmosphere which disturbs ecosystem and habitat on earth. Hence renewable energy expected to play vital role in preventing environmental pollution. In this paper, the impact of using wind energy source for electricity generation has been analyzed.
{"title":"Positive Impact of Wind Energy on Environment - A Review","authors":"Purva Trivedi","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.005","url":null,"abstract":"This is the era of urbanization and industrialization. Since the beginning of industrialization and urbanization the energy demand has increased because energy consumption has also increased and it is increasing every day. For electrical energy generation world is still more dependent on fossil fuels. In the process of electricity generation, fossil fuels are burned, they release large amount of harmful pollutants in atmosphere which disturbs ecosystem and habitat on earth. Hence renewable energy expected to play vital role in preventing environmental pollution. In this paper, the impact of using wind energy source for electricity generation has been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134620177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.004
Akinwale Eso, O. Eseosa
Pipeline leakage detection, if not addressed swiftly/promptly, could result to loss of lives and properties. Researches have shown that the best means of curbing or drastically minimizing these losses is through real time monitoring using DCS and CAO-SCADA Technology as the management tool. This tool was adopted in this work and then applied to a particular oil and gas terminal in Nigeria. Research questions were generated and data obtained as well as the research instrument used were validated. A total of one hundred and thirty-five respondents were used for the study. From the formulated testing based on z-test, three hypotheses were investigated termed as HO1, HO2 and HO3. HO1 test hypothesis of pipeline failure as a result of leakages along it and if the leakage detection is because there is no DSC, CAO-SCADA management tool along the pipeline. The result obtained showed that z-calculated is less than the critical value of 1.96 with a significant level of 0.05. From the results obtained, the hypothesis HO1 is accepted, thus failure of this pipeline is because the DSO, CAO-SCADA is not present in the system. HO2 testing determined if there exists any difference significantly between the DSC and CAO-SCADA system. From the result, the z-calculated which is 0.0065 is less than the critical value which is 1. This implies that the null hypothesis (HO2) is accepted. Meaning that there is no significant difference between CAO-SCADA and the DCO for the effective management and monitoring and safety operations in the pipeline. The last hypothesis is to test if there exists significant difference between DCS and CAO-SCADA system for effective industrial system control of leakages in pipeline. Out of the 135(100%) respondents, 106(78.52%) agreed with the recommendations made by the researchers while 12.59% partially agreed. 4(5.18%) have a clear understanding and 5(0.0370%) are indifferent about the recommendations made.
{"title":"Real-Time Effective Monitoring and Control in Oil and Gas Industry Using SCADA Technology as a Management Tool","authors":"Akinwale Eso, O. Eseosa","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Pipeline leakage detection, if not addressed swiftly/promptly, could result to loss of lives and properties. Researches have shown that the best means of curbing or drastically minimizing these losses is through real time monitoring using DCS and CAO-SCADA Technology as the management tool. This tool was adopted in this work and then applied to a particular oil and gas terminal in Nigeria. Research questions were generated and data obtained as well as the research instrument used were validated. A total of one hundred and thirty-five respondents were used for the study. From the formulated testing based on z-test, three hypotheses were investigated termed as HO1, HO2 and HO3. HO1 test hypothesis of pipeline failure as a result of leakages along it and if the leakage detection is because there is no DSC, CAO-SCADA management tool along the pipeline. The result obtained showed that z-calculated is less than the critical value of 1.96 with a significant level of 0.05. From the results obtained, the hypothesis HO1 is accepted, thus failure of this pipeline is because the DSO, CAO-SCADA is not present in the system. HO2 testing determined if there exists any difference significantly between the DSC and CAO-SCADA system. From the result, the z-calculated which is 0.0065 is less than the critical value which is 1. This implies that the null hypothesis (HO2) is accepted. Meaning that there is no significant difference between CAO-SCADA and the DCO for the effective management and monitoring and safety operations in the pipeline. The last hypothesis is to test if there exists significant difference between DCS and CAO-SCADA system for effective industrial system control of leakages in pipeline. Out of the 135(100%) respondents, 106(78.52%) agreed with the recommendations made by the researchers while 12.59% partially agreed. 4(5.18%) have a clear understanding and 5(0.0370%) are indifferent about the recommendations made.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124235099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.003
Purva Trivedi
Biomass is a non-conventional energy source. The research in the area of non-conventional energy sources has been increased over past years especially after the awareness about limited stock of conventional sources and the harmful impact on environment due to the burning of fossil fuels. Energy plays an important role in the social and economic growth of the nation and its citizen. The main focus of this paper is to give a review of biomass energy, its benefits and its conversion process.
{"title":"Biomass Energy an Effective Source of Renewable Energy Worldwide","authors":"Purva Trivedi","doi":"10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass is a non-conventional energy source. The research in the area of non-conventional energy sources has been increased over past years especially after the awareness about limited stock of conventional sources and the harmful impact on environment due to the burning of fossil fuels. Energy plays an important role in the social and economic growth of the nation and its citizen. The main focus of this paper is to give a review of biomass energy, its benefits and its conversion process.","PeriodicalId":270119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122924628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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