People with marginalized identities were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There was an increase in overdose-related mortality and an overall higher mortality rate among racial minorities. The pandemic also led to increased isolation among older adults, which has been linked to negative health outcomes. These issues were exacerbated in rural Appalachia when combined with existing health and socioeconomic disparities. In Spring 2021, interviews were conducted with older adults, Hispanic individuals, African American individuals, and people who use drugs in Virginia’s New River Valley, with the goal of understanding how the pandemic impacted these populations. Sixteen of those stories are presented here. A thematic analysis revealed major themes: 1) financial (in)security and unemployment, 2) access to resources, 3) internet and technology, 4) public health policies, 5) mental health and isolation, and 6) resilience.
{"title":"People of a Pandemic","authors":"Molly Kwitny, Quinn Richards, Natalie Cann, Jasmine Lewis, Kayla Vaught, Arushi Bejoy, Fernanda Gutierrez Matos, Grace DiGirolamo, Chloe Loving, Teagan Neveldine, Sakina Weekes, Sophie Wenzel","doi":"10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.51","url":null,"abstract":"People with marginalized identities were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There was an increase in overdose-related mortality and an overall higher mortality rate among racial minorities. The pandemic also led to increased isolation among older adults, which has been linked to negative health outcomes. These issues were exacerbated in rural Appalachia when combined with existing health and socioeconomic disparities. In Spring 2021, interviews were conducted with older adults, Hispanic individuals, African American individuals, and people who use drugs in Virginia’s New River Valley, with the goal of understanding how the pandemic impacted these populations. Sixteen of those stories are presented here. A thematic analysis revealed major themes: 1) financial (in)security and unemployment, 2) access to resources, 3) internet and technology, 4) public health policies, 5) mental health and isolation, and 6) resilience.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholarship of uncertainty in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation has focused on theories, strategies, and practices to mitigate uncertainty. However, there is little understanding of how federal agencies communicate scientific uncertainties to all stakeholders including the public and regulated industries. This is important for three reasons: one, it highlights what aspects of the issue are quantifiable; two, it displays how agencies explain uncertainties about the issues that are not easily quantified; and three, it shows how knowledgeable agencies perceive the public audience in relation to the issue at hand and what they expect from such communication. By analyzing AI regulations across four categories of scientific uncertainties, this study found that uncertainty in areas of ownership, safety, and transparency are hard to quantify and hence agencies use personalized examples to explain uncertainties. In addition, agencies seek public input to gather additional data and derive consensus on issues that have moral implications. These findings are consistent with the literature on tackling uncertainty and regulatory decision-making. They can help advance our understanding of current practices of communicating science effectively to explain risks and uncertainties.
{"title":"Communication of Uncertainty in AI Regulations","authors":"Aditya Sai Phutane","doi":"10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.50","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship of uncertainty in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation has focused on theories, strategies, and practices to mitigate uncertainty. However, there is little understanding of how federal agencies communicate scientific uncertainties to all stakeholders including the public and regulated industries. This is important for three reasons: one, it highlights what aspects of the issue are quantifiable; two, it displays how agencies explain uncertainties about the issues that are not easily quantified; and three, it shows how knowledgeable agencies perceive the public audience in relation to the issue at hand and what they expect from such communication. By analyzing AI regulations across four categories of scientific uncertainties, this study found that uncertainty in areas of ownership, safety, and transparency are hard to quantify and hence agencies use personalized examples to explain uncertainties. In addition, agencies seek public input to gather additional data and derive consensus on issues that have moral implications. These findings are consistent with the literature on tackling uncertainty and regulatory decision-making. They can help advance our understanding of current practices of communicating science effectively to explain risks and uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholarship of uncertainty in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation has focused on theories, strategies, and practices to mitigate uncertainty. However, there is little understanding of how federal agencies communicate scientific uncertainties to all stakeholders including the public and regulated industries. This is important for three reasons: one, it highlights what aspects of the issue are quantifiable; two, it displays how agencies explain uncertainties about the issues that are not easily quantified; and three, it shows how knowledgeable agencies perceive the public audience in relation to the issue at hand and what they expect from such communication. By analyzing AI regulations across four categories of scientific uncertainties, this study found that uncertainty in areas of ownership, safety, and transparency are hard to quantify and hence agencies use personalized examples to explain uncertainties. In addition, agencies seek public input to gather additional data and derive consensus on issues that have moral implications. These findings are consistent with the literature on tackling uncertainty and regulatory decision-making. They can help advance our understanding of current practices of communicating science effectively to explain risks and uncertainties.
{"title":"Communication of Uncertainty in AI Regulations","authors":"Aditya Sai Phutane","doi":"10.21061/cc.v5i1.a.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v5i1.a.50","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship of uncertainty in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation has focused on theories, strategies, and practices to mitigate uncertainty. However, there is little understanding of how federal agencies communicate scientific uncertainties to all stakeholders including the public and regulated industries. This is important for three reasons: one, it highlights what aspects of the issue are quantifiable; two, it displays how agencies explain uncertainties about the issues that are not easily quantified; and three, it shows how knowledgeable agencies perceive the public audience in relation to the issue at hand and what they expect from such communication. By analyzing AI regulations across four categories of scientific uncertainties, this study found that uncertainty in areas of ownership, safety, and transparency are hard to quantify and hence agencies use personalized examples to explain uncertainties. In addition, agencies seek public input to gather additional data and derive consensus on issues that have moral implications. These findings are consistent with the literature on tackling uncertainty and regulatory decision-making. They can help advance our understanding of current practices of communicating science effectively to explain risks and uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Book Review of Set the World on Fire: Black Nationalist Women and the Global Struggle for Freedom by Keisha N. Blain. An analytic review of a historiographical work centered on female advocacy and community change within the Black Nationalist Movement in the United States.
{"title":"Book Review: Set the World on Fire: Black Nationalist Women and the Global Struggle for Freedom","authors":"Elizabeth Bucklen","doi":"10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.46","url":null,"abstract":"A Book Review of Set the World on Fire: Black Nationalist Women and the Global Struggle for Freedom by Keisha N. Blain. An analytic review of a historiographical work centered on female advocacy and community change within the Black Nationalist Movement in the United States.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: Set the World on Fire: Black Nationalist Women and the Global Struggle for Freedom","authors":"Elizabeth Bucklen","doi":"10.21061/cc.v5i1.a.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v5i1.a.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier”: Security and Communal Implications for Iraq","authors":"Farhad Hassan Abdullah Mamshai","doi":"10.21061/cc.v5i1.a.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v5i1.a.41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is a “threat multiplier” and has posed a deep security concern in many countries by targeting the human security of different communities. Iraq is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This conceptual study explores how climate change is a threat multiplier to Iraqi human security and poses significant societal and security threats. The article starts by providing some conceptual discussions to measure and comprehend the idea of climate change as a threat multiplier. To define a “threat multiplier,” the study articulates some scholarly measurements of the concept and illustrates its leading indicators discussed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The author adds intragovernmental disputes and interprovincial tensions to the framework as additional indicators to better understand the security risks of climate variability in Iraq. The article then discusses the societal and security ramifications of the climate-related human movements that have undermined the security and stability of Iraq. Finally, the analysis illustrates how climate change might exacerbate security challenges to the country by enabling tribes, militant groups, and extremists to recruit climate-affected individuals and intensify communal violence in the country.
{"title":"“Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier”: Security and Communal Implications for Iraq","authors":"Farhad Hassan Abdullah Mamshai","doi":"10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.41","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a “threat multiplier” and has posed a deep security concern in many countries by targeting the human security of different communities. Iraq is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This conceptual study explores how climate change is a threat multiplier to Iraqi human security and poses significant societal and security threats. The article starts by providing some conceptual discussions to measure and comprehend the idea of climate change as a threat multiplier. To define a “threat multiplier,” the study articulates some scholarly measurements of the concept and illustrates its leading indicators discussed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The author adds intragovernmental disputes and interprovincial tensions to the framework as additional indicators to better understand the security risks of climate variability in Iraq. The article then discusses the societal and security ramifications of the climate-related human movements that have undermined the security and stability of Iraq. Finally, the analysis illustrates how climate change might exacerbate security challenges to the country by enabling tribes, militant groups, and extremists to recruit climate-affected individuals and intensify communal violence in the country.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article asks the question: how can one understand the kinds of environmental ethics represented in film? It argues that this can be done by analyzing films through the lens of various central themes in the field of environmental ethics. This study demonstrates this argument through a comparative case study approach. The two cases are Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, a 1984 animated film directed by Hayao Miyazaki, and Missing Link, a 2019 animated film directed by Chris Butler. The stories of both films center on the relationship between humans and non-human species that are considered monsters. Missing Link represents an anthropocentric (human-centered) environmental ethics, one that only applies instrumental value to nature as it serves and relates to human beings. Conversely, Nausicaa represents non-anthropocentric environmental ethics that challenges the common human-centered perception of nature and advocates for the recognition of its intrinsic value. This study argues that even though the representation of non-anthropocentric environmental ethics in world cinema is not unheard of, the mainstream commercial film industry today represents and labels anthropocentric environmental ethics as progressive.
{"title":"The Monsters of Nature: Representation of Environmental Ethics in Cinema","authors":"Seyedreza Fateminasab","doi":"10.21061/cc.v3i1.a.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v3i1.a.26","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks the question: how can one understand the kinds of environmental ethics represented in film? It argues that this can be done by analyzing films through the lens of various central themes in the field of environmental ethics. This study demonstrates this argument through a comparative case study approach. The two cases are Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, a 1984 animated film directed by Hayao Miyazaki, and Missing Link, a 2019 animated film directed by Chris Butler. The stories of both films center on the relationship between humans and non-human species that are considered monsters. Missing Link represents an anthropocentric (human-centered) environmental ethics, one that only applies instrumental value to nature as it serves and relates to human beings. Conversely, Nausicaa represents non-anthropocentric environmental ethics that challenges the common human-centered perception of nature and advocates for the recognition of its intrinsic value. This study argues that even though the representation of non-anthropocentric environmental ethics in world cinema is not unheard of, the mainstream commercial film industry today represents and labels anthropocentric environmental ethics as progressive.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121392110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Special interview with Bill Hopkins as part of the Trustees Without Borders series hosted by Andy Morikawa.
对比尔·霍普金斯的特别采访是由安迪·森川主持的无国界受托人系列的一部分。
{"title":"Community Change Interview with Dr. Bill Hopkins","authors":"G. Mason, Patrick Salmons","doi":"10.21061/cc.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.29","url":null,"abstract":"Special interview with Bill Hopkins as part of the Trustees Without Borders series hosted by Andy Morikawa.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125666328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miller, Daegan. (2018). This Radical Land: A Natural History of American Dissent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press., 336 pp. $30.00. ISBN: 9780226336145. Daegan Miller’s book explores concepts such as environmentalism, wilderness, and community development in the context of 19th-century westward expansion and growth in the United States. Miller describes Henry David Thoreau’s interpretations of natural environments as a surveyor; the Adirondack land partitioned by Gerrit Smith for antebellum African American farmers; A. J. Russell’s photo-narrative of the Union Pacific Railroad; and the socialist Kaweah Colony in California situated at the foot of the “General Sherman” sequoia, briefly renamed “Karl Marx.” The tree figures prominently throughout the book as a landmark for, witness to, and victim of human exploits.
{"title":"Miller, Daegan. 2018. This Radical Land: A Natural History of American Dissent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press","authors":"Lara Nagle","doi":"10.21061/cc.v3i1.a.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21061/cc.v3i1.a.28","url":null,"abstract":"Miller, Daegan. (2018). This Radical Land: A Natural History of American Dissent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press., 336 pp. $30.00. ISBN: 9780226336145. Daegan Miller’s book explores concepts such as environmentalism, wilderness, and community development in the context of 19th-century westward expansion and growth in the United States. Miller describes Henry David Thoreau’s interpretations of natural environments as a surveyor; the Adirondack land partitioned by Gerrit Smith for antebellum African American farmers; A. J. Russell’s photo-narrative of the Union Pacific Railroad; and the socialist Kaweah Colony in California situated at the foot of the “General Sherman” sequoia, briefly renamed “Karl Marx.” The tree figures prominently throughout the book as a landmark for, witness to, and victim of human exploits.","PeriodicalId":270428,"journal":{"name":"Community Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115523324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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