{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124896413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Time in the Phenology of Vertical Species Interactions","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127976563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0007
E. Post
This chapter addresses the role of time in horizontal species interactions. Horizontal, or lateral, species interactions are those involving individuals within a single trophic level in the same local community or species assemblage. These involve primarily interference interactions such as competition for resources required by more than one member of the local assemblage. The chapter then considers the allocation of time within an individual organism's life history cycle. The use of time by the individual must address potentially strongly competing interests. In a competitive context, while earlier timing of life history events may in and of itself present a competitive advantage among conspecifics, its value as a strategy in interspecific competition relates to its effect on phenological duration. This is because duration determines overlap within the phenological community.
{"title":"Use of Time in the Phenology of Horizontal Species Interactions","authors":"E. Post","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the role of time in horizontal species interactions. Horizontal, or lateral, species interactions are those involving individuals within a single trophic level in the same local community or species assemblage. These involve primarily interference interactions such as competition for resources required by more than one member of the local assemblage. The chapter then considers the allocation of time within an individual organism's life history cycle. The use of time by the individual must address potentially strongly competing interests. In a competitive context, while earlier timing of life history events may in and of itself present a competitive advantage among conspecifics, its value as a strategy in interspecific competition relates to its effect on phenological duration. This is because duration determines overlap within the phenological community.","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132557694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter explores the role of time in ecology as a resource. In this framework, the established terms timing, rate, acceleration, and duration accrue more nuanced importance. Here, timing, rate, and duration refer to the onset of, progression through, and hence use of time in linked series of associated phenophases that comprise an individual organism's life history cycle. As with other resources, time available for allocation to such phenophases or life history stages is limited in supply, and it is in demand by conspecific and heterospecific competitors alike. The chapter then argues that time, much like space, varies in its scales of availability for use by the individual organism, and in its forms available for use by the individual organism.
{"title":"Ecological Time","authors":"Eric Post","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the role of time in ecology as a resource. In this framework, the established terms timing, rate, acceleration, and duration accrue more nuanced importance. Here, timing, rate, and duration refer to the onset of, progression through, and hence use of time in linked series of associated phenophases that comprise an individual organism's life history cycle. As with other resources, time available for allocation to such phenophases or life history stages is limited in supply, and it is in demand by conspecific and heterospecific competitors alike. The chapter then argues that time, much like space, varies in its scales of availability for use by the individual organism, and in its forms available for use by the individual organism.","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129382157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691182353.003.0006
Eric Post
This chapter studies how the concept of phenological community relates to the utilization of time by species that co-occur in the local assemblage. It also examines the consequences for phenological community dynamics of differential use of time by co-occurring species. Indeed, a main point of emphasis in this chapter is the dynamic nature of the community in a phenological context. The allocation of time by the individual organism to phenophases within its annual cycle of growth, maintenance, and reproduction determines patterns of interactions in time among species co-occurring in the local assemblage. In the context of phenology, the local community is characterized by a capacity for pronounced variability on both short-term temporal scales (over days) and on longer-term temporal scales (from year to year).
{"title":"The Phenological Community","authors":"Eric Post","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691182353.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691182353.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies how the concept of phenological community relates to the utilization of time by species that co-occur in the local assemblage. It also examines the consequences for phenological community dynamics of differential use of time by co-occurring species. Indeed, a main point of emphasis in this chapter is the dynamic nature of the community in a phenological context. The allocation of time by the individual organism to phenophases within its annual cycle of growth, maintenance, and reproduction determines patterns of interactions in time among species co-occurring in the local assemblage. In the context of phenology, the local community is characterized by a capacity for pronounced variability on both short-term temporal scales (over days) and on longer-term temporal scales (from year to year).","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"65 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113992070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0009
Eric Post
This chapter explores patterns of phenological dynamics in tropical systems, where the availability of time is comparatively unconstrained by abiotic conditions. Although abiotic conditions are conducive to growth and reproduction throughout the year in the tropics, many tropical species exhibit pronounced phenological dynamics that shape and are influenced by their interactions in time with other species. Hence, even though ecological time is abundant in tropical systems, species can still be seen to segregate their phenological activity in time. This is evident in the leaf flushing, flowering, and fruiting activity of many tropical plant species that, while capable of expression of such life history events throughout the year, tend to engage in peaks in such activity that lend structure to the phenological community.
{"title":"Limitations and Extensionto Tropical Systems","authors":"Eric Post","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores patterns of phenological dynamics in tropical systems, where the availability of time is comparatively unconstrained by abiotic conditions. Although abiotic conditions are conducive to growth and reproduction throughout the year in the tropics, many tropical species exhibit pronounced phenological dynamics that shape and are influenced by their interactions in time with other species. Hence, even though ecological time is abundant in tropical systems, species can still be seen to segregate their phenological activity in time. This is evident in the leaf flushing, flowering, and fruiting activity of many tropical plant species that, while capable of expression of such life history events throughout the year, tend to engage in peaks in such activity that lend structure to the phenological community.","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121268489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0001
Eric Post
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the role of time in ecology. Generally speaking, time is considered as a conceptual axis, much like space, along which one can measure ecological events and their durations. In ecology, time also allows one to describe, ascribe rates to, and quantify differences in, for example, changes in abundance within and among populations of single species and interacting species. In such a framework, time is a measuring stick and half of the stage—the complementary half of which is space—upon which ecology plays out. Over the ensuing chapters, an argument will be constructed for the development of a framework for a novel way of thinking about time in ecology, using the study of phenology as an exemplar for doing so.
{"title":"A Framework for the Role of Time in Ecology","authors":"Eric Post","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter provides an overview of the role of time in ecology. Generally speaking, time is considered as a conceptual axis, much like space, along which one can measure ecological events and their durations. In ecology, time also allows one to describe, ascribe rates to, and quantify differences in, for example, changes in abundance within and among populations of single species and interacting species. In such a framework, time is a measuring stick and half of the stage—the complementary half of which is space—upon which ecology plays out. Over the ensuing chapters, an argument will be constructed for the development of a framework for a novel way of thinking about time in ecology, using the study of phenology as an exemplar for doing so.","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122104800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Is Time?","authors":"K. Bynoe","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3s8sns.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270941,"journal":{"name":"Time in Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115868980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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