Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0006
Although rates of premature death from coronary heart disease (CHD) have fallen 80% over the past 40 years, it is still a significant cause of premature death in the UK. Angina is the most common symptom of CHD. It is usually described as a central, retrosternal pain or ache that is crushing or choking in nature. Pain may radiate down the left arm and/or up into the neck and is often accompanied by shortness of breath (SOB) and sweating. Some patients may describe it as chest discomfort. The presentation of CHD, however, covers a broad spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms that vary in severity. An individual may be asymptomatic despite disease within the coronary arteries; may present with gradually worsening symptoms of angina; or the first presentation may be death following an acute myocardial infarction (MI). This chapter outlines the pathophysiology and clinical management of stable angina.
{"title":"Coronary heart disease: stable angina","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Although rates of premature death from coronary heart disease (CHD) have fallen 80% over the past 40 years, it is still a significant cause of premature death in the UK. Angina is the most common symptom of CHD. It is usually described as a central, retrosternal pain or ache that is crushing or choking in nature. Pain may radiate down the left arm and/or up into the neck and is often accompanied by shortness of breath (SOB) and sweating. Some patients may describe it as chest discomfort. The presentation of CHD, however, covers a broad spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms that vary in severity. An individual may be asymptomatic despite disease within the coronary arteries; may present with gradually worsening symptoms of angina; or the first presentation may be death following an acute myocardial infarction (MI).\u0000This chapter outlines the pathophysiology and clinical management of stable angina.","PeriodicalId":272214,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122870905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0001
This introductory chapter briefly outlines the context within which cardiac care exists. It identifies the extent of the burden of cardiac disease and the background of policy drivers that have influenced recent developments in cardiac care. A discussion of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and health promotion is also included.
{"title":"Introduction: prevention of cardiovascular disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter briefly outlines the context within which cardiac care exists. It identifies the extent of the burden of cardiac disease and the background of policy drivers that have influenced recent developments in cardiac care. A discussion of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and health promotion is also included.","PeriodicalId":272214,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127340984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199643219.003.0001
Nicholas Green, S. Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, E. Nicol
There are numerous invasive and noninvasive tests used in the diagnosis of cardiac disease. Most of the tests are performed by specialist operators in suitably equipped laboratories. However, it is useful for nurses working with patients with suspected or diagnosed cardiac disease to have a broad understanding of the main diagnostic tests available. This chapter outlines the main tests that cardiac nurses are likely to come across including exercise tolerance tests, ambulatory monitoring, tilt tests, echocardiography, nuclear and cardiac magnetic resonance scans, and cardiac computed tomography scans.
{"title":"Cardiac investigations","authors":"Nicholas Green, S. Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, E. Nicol","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199643219.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199643219.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous invasive and noninvasive tests used in the diagnosis of cardiac disease. Most of the tests are performed by specialist operators in suitably equipped laboratories. However, it is useful for nurses working with patients with suspected or diagnosed cardiac disease to have a broad understanding of the main diagnostic tests available. This chapter outlines the main tests that cardiac nurses are likely to come across including exercise tolerance tests, ambulatory monitoring, tilt tests, echocardiography, nuclear and cardiac magnetic resonance scans, and cardiac computed tomography scans.","PeriodicalId":272214,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing","volume":"342 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134320562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-26DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0010
J. Ker
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome of signs and symptoms that suggest the ability of the heart to pump effectively has been impaired. It is distinguished by dyspnoea, effort intolerance, fluid retention, and poor survival. The prevalence of heart failure is around 1–2% in the adult population in developed countries, and 920 000 people in the UK have heart failure. The incidence of heart failure has decreased; however, the number of people newly diagnosed with heart failure has increased. This is thought to be largely due to an ageing population, improvement in the management and survival of people with ischaemic heart disease, and effective treatment of heart failure. The condition can occur in all age groups; however, the incidence and prevalence steeply increase with age. The average age at first diagnosis is typically 77yrs. Chronic heart failure (CHF) has a poor prognosis, the mortality rate for CHF being worse than for many cancers. It is estimated that 70% of those hospitalized for the first time with severe heart failure will die within 5yrs. However, this has been improving, with 6mth mortality rate ↓ from 26% in 1995, 15% in 2009, to 8.9% in 2016. This chapter will outline the aetiology, pathophysiology, and management of CHF, including considerations for palliative care.
{"title":"Chronic heart failure","authors":"J. Ker","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198832447.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome of signs and symptoms that suggest the ability of the heart to pump effectively has been impaired. It is distinguished by dyspnoea, effort intolerance, fluid retention, and poor survival. The prevalence of heart failure is around 1–2% in the adult population in developed countries, and 920 000 people in the UK have heart failure. The incidence of heart failure has decreased; however, the number of people newly diagnosed with heart failure has increased. This is thought to be largely due to an ageing population, improvement in the management and survival of people with ischaemic heart disease, and effective treatment of heart failure. The condition can occur in all age groups; however, the incidence and prevalence steeply increase with age. The average age at first diagnosis is typically 77yrs. Chronic heart failure (CHF) has a poor prognosis, the mortality rate for CHF being worse than for many cancers. It is estimated that 70% of those hospitalized for the first time with severe heart failure will die within 5yrs. However, this has been improving, with 6mth mortality rate ↓ from 26% in 1995, 15% in 2009, to 8.9% in 2016. This chapter will outline the aetiology, pathophysiology, and management of CHF, including considerations for palliative care.","PeriodicalId":272214,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129978070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：