Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114409
Andrea Bombino, S. Grimaldi, Aamir Mahmood, M. Gidlund
Wireless sensors and actuators networks are an essential element to realize industrial IoT(IIoT) systems, yet their diffusion is hampered by the complexity of ensuring reliable communication in industrial environments. A significant problem with that respect is the unpredictable fluctuation of a radio-link between the line-of-sight (LoS) and the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) states due to time-varying environments. The impact of linkstate on reception performance, suggests that link-state variations should be monitored at run-time, enabling dynamic adaptation of the transmission scheme on a link-basis to safeguard QoS. Starting from the assumption that accurate channel-sounding is unsuitable for low-complexity IIoT devices, we investigate the feasibility of channel-state identification for platforms with limited sensing capabilities. In this context, we evaluate the performance of different supervised-learning algorithms with variable complexity for the inference of the radio-link state. Our approach provides fast link-diagnostics by performing online classification based on the analysis of the envelope-distribution of a single received packet. Furthermore, the method takes into account the effects of the limited sampling frequency, bit-depth, and moving average filtering, which are typical to hardware-constrained platforms. The results of an experimental campaign in both industrial and office environments show promising classification accuracy of LoS/NLoS radio links. Additional tests indicate that the proposed method retains good performance even with low-resolution RSSI-samples available in low-cost WSN nodes, which facilitates its adoption in real IIoT networks.
{"title":"Machine Learning-Aided Classification Of LoS/NLoS Radio Links In Industrial IoT","authors":"Andrea Bombino, S. Grimaldi, Aamir Mahmood, M. Gidlund","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114409","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensors and actuators networks are an essential element to realize industrial IoT(IIoT) systems, yet their diffusion is hampered by the complexity of ensuring reliable communication in industrial environments. A significant problem with that respect is the unpredictable fluctuation of a radio-link between the line-of-sight (LoS) and the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) states due to time-varying environments. The impact of linkstate on reception performance, suggests that link-state variations should be monitored at run-time, enabling dynamic adaptation of the transmission scheme on a link-basis to safeguard QoS. Starting from the assumption that accurate channel-sounding is unsuitable for low-complexity IIoT devices, we investigate the feasibility of channel-state identification for platforms with limited sensing capabilities. In this context, we evaluate the performance of different supervised-learning algorithms with variable complexity for the inference of the radio-link state. Our approach provides fast link-diagnostics by performing online classification based on the analysis of the envelope-distribution of a single received packet. Furthermore, the method takes into account the effects of the limited sampling frequency, bit-depth, and moving average filtering, which are typical to hardware-constrained platforms. The results of an experimental campaign in both industrial and office environments show promising classification accuracy of LoS/NLoS radio links. Additional tests indicate that the proposed method retains good performance even with low-resolution RSSI-samples available in low-cost WSN nodes, which facilitates its adoption in real IIoT networks.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"11 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120999049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114506
A. Frimpong, Santiago Soler Perez Olaya, Dennis Krummacker, Christoph Fischer, Alexander Winkel, René Guillaume, Lukasz Wisniewski, Marco Ehrlich, Waseem Mandarawi, H. Trsek, H. Meer, M. Wollschlaeger, H. Schotten, J. Jasperneite
Increasing heterogeneity of industrial network systems is a fact and the chances that in the future one communication standard will be able to fulfill the requirements of all possible applications are utopian. With the increasing number of communication systems, their management, configuration, and maintenance become a significant issue. Additionally, due to the increasing amount of network services and traffic, the management of available network resources and the possibility of delivering certain levels of communication quality of service, especially across different network solutions becomes a big challenge. Therefore, in this paper a Controller of Controllers (CoC) concept for management of heterogeneous industrial networks is proposed. The concept is designed to support still widely spread legacy fieldbus systems, different Ethernetbased industrial solutions, and potentially upcoming network technologies. The goal is achieved by leveraging state-of-theart architectural concepts such as software-defined networks, which allows for integration of abstract models in network management. The concept is described and discussed by way of a demonstrator concept for a heterogeneous system of fieldbus and Ethernet-based time-sensitive networks.
{"title":"Controller of Controllers Architecture for Management of Heterogeneous Industrial Networks","authors":"A. Frimpong, Santiago Soler Perez Olaya, Dennis Krummacker, Christoph Fischer, Alexander Winkel, René Guillaume, Lukasz Wisniewski, Marco Ehrlich, Waseem Mandarawi, H. Trsek, H. Meer, M. Wollschlaeger, H. Schotten, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114506","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing heterogeneity of industrial network systems is a fact and the chances that in the future one communication standard will be able to fulfill the requirements of all possible applications are utopian. With the increasing number of communication systems, their management, configuration, and maintenance become a significant issue. Additionally, due to the increasing amount of network services and traffic, the management of available network resources and the possibility of delivering certain levels of communication quality of service, especially across different network solutions becomes a big challenge. Therefore, in this paper a Controller of Controllers (CoC) concept for management of heterogeneous industrial networks is proposed. The concept is designed to support still widely spread legacy fieldbus systems, different Ethernetbased industrial solutions, and potentially upcoming network technologies. The goal is achieved by leveraging state-of-theart architectural concepts such as software-defined networks, which allows for integration of abstract models in network management. The concept is described and discussed by way of a demonstrator concept for a heterogeneous system of fieldbus and Ethernet-based time-sensitive networks.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125086894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114434
Tim Lackorzynski, Gregor Garten, Jan Sonke Huster, S. Köpsell, Hermann Härtig
The specifics of industrial networks make security mechanisms necessary, that are specifically designed for them. This work proposes two modifications for MACsec, a new security protocol for protecting layer 2 traffic: a new fragmentation mechanism enabling MACsec to work within future industrial networks, and the use of ciphers currently not standardised for MACsec, leading to a significant increase in the performance of MACsec.
{"title":"Enabling and Optimizing MACsec for Industrial Environments (Extended Abstract)","authors":"Tim Lackorzynski, Gregor Garten, Jan Sonke Huster, S. Köpsell, Hermann Härtig","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114434","url":null,"abstract":"The specifics of industrial networks make security mechanisms necessary, that are specifically designed for them. This work proposes two modifications for MACsec, a new security protocol for protecting layer 2 traffic: a new fragmentation mechanism enabling MACsec to work within future industrial networks, and the use of ciphers currently not standardised for MACsec, leading to a significant increase in the performance of MACsec.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114756488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114407
L. Osuna-Ibarra, D. Gómez‐Gutiérrez, D. Cavalcanti, H. Caballero-Barragán
The present work deals with diminishing the effects of wireless communication latency in time-sensitive networks. It takes advantage of modern approaches that offer bounded latency and it focuses on methods to cope with the nondeterministic delays introduced by communication latency.An observer-predictor scheme module is designed and added in the control loop to prevent the performance degradation when a wireless network is introduced. The goal is to allow the use of same controllers used in wired networks. This module may exploit information provided by the wireless communication devices, such as expected latency, timestamp, and time synchronization along the network.The proposed module allows the controller to have a performance similar as when in a wired network. This enables wireless networked control in systems with low time constants (i.e. timesensitive).Lab experiments are presented in real-time to illustrate the observer-predictor scheme module proposed. Finally, the conclusions and future work are presented.
{"title":"Observers And Predictors For Wireless Time-Sensitive Control Loops","authors":"L. Osuna-Ibarra, D. Gómez‐Gutiérrez, D. Cavalcanti, H. Caballero-Barragán","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114407","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with diminishing the effects of wireless communication latency in time-sensitive networks. It takes advantage of modern approaches that offer bounded latency and it focuses on methods to cope with the nondeterministic delays introduced by communication latency.An observer-predictor scheme module is designed and added in the control loop to prevent the performance degradation when a wireless network is introduced. The goal is to allow the use of same controllers used in wired networks. This module may exploit information provided by the wireless communication devices, such as expected latency, timestamp, and time synchronization along the network.The proposed module allows the controller to have a performance similar as when in a wired network. This enables wireless networked control in systems with low time constants (i.e. timesensitive).Lab experiments are presented in real-time to illustrate the observer-predictor scheme module proposed. Finally, the conclusions and future work are presented.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131038684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114520
Walter Tiberti, Bruno Vieira, Harrison Kurunathan, Ricardo Severino, E. Tovar
The unprecedented pervasiveness of IoT systems is pushing this technology into increasingly stringent domains. Such application scenarios become even more challenging due to the demand for encompassing the interplay between safety and security. The IEEE 802.15.4 DSME MAC behavior aims at addressing such systems by providing additional deterministic, synchronous multi-channel access support. However, despite the several improvements over the previous versions of the protocol, the standard lacks a complete solution to secure communications. In this front, we propose the integration of TAKS, an hybrid cryptography scheme, over a standard DSME network. In this paper, we describe the system architecture for integrating TAKS into DSME with minimum impact to the standard, and we venture into analysing the overhead of having such security solution over application delay and throughput. After a performance analysis, we learn that it is possible to achieve a minor impact of 1% to 14% on top of the expected network delay, depending on the platform used, while still guaranteeing strong security support over the DSME network.
{"title":"Tightening Up Security In Low Power Deterministic Networks","authors":"Walter Tiberti, Bruno Vieira, Harrison Kurunathan, Ricardo Severino, E. Tovar","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114520","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedented pervasiveness of IoT systems is pushing this technology into increasingly stringent domains. Such application scenarios become even more challenging due to the demand for encompassing the interplay between safety and security. The IEEE 802.15.4 DSME MAC behavior aims at addressing such systems by providing additional deterministic, synchronous multi-channel access support. However, despite the several improvements over the previous versions of the protocol, the standard lacks a complete solution to secure communications. In this front, we propose the integration of TAKS, an hybrid cryptography scheme, over a standard DSME network. In this paper, we describe the system architecture for integrating TAKS into DSME with minimum impact to the standard, and we venture into analysing the overhead of having such security solution over application delay and throughput. After a performance analysis, we learn that it is possible to achieve a minor impact of 1% to 14% on top of the expected network delay, depending on the platform used, while still guaranteeing strong security support over the DSME network.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131090752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114503
M. Nast, Benjamin Rother, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann, Jens Leveling, Christian Olms, Christian Nissen
In the age of digitalization, data protection plays an important role. Data is created, modified and shared over the Internet between data owners and data users. A key issue in this context is the respect of data sovereignty. The International Data Spaces (IDS) Reference Architecture has been developed in order to preserve data sovereignty. In this regard, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as sensors, play an important role for providing data. However, an IoT device is not capable of being integrated directly into the IDS by default. We propose an approach to enable the IDS for vendor independent IoT devices, using an open interoperability standard for the IoT specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). This allows data owners to benefit from providing their own data while retaining control over it.
{"title":"Work-in-Progress: Towards an International Data Spaces Connector for the Internet of Things","authors":"M. Nast, Benjamin Rother, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann, Jens Leveling, Christian Olms, Christian Nissen","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114503","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of digitalization, data protection plays an important role. Data is created, modified and shared over the Internet between data owners and data users. A key issue in this context is the respect of data sovereignty. The International Data Spaces (IDS) Reference Architecture has been developed in order to preserve data sovereignty. In this regard, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as sensors, play an important role for providing data. However, an IoT device is not capable of being integrated directly into the IDS by default. We propose an approach to enable the IDS for vendor independent IoT devices, using an open interoperability standard for the IoT specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). This allows data owners to benefit from providing their own data while retaining control over it.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"100 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115631939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114443
F. Campos, Craig B. Schindler, Brian G. Kilberg, K. Pister
We present the results of a latency-bounded, high-reliability conveyor belt control system for a cart containing a self-localizing wireless sensor node. The node is equipped with an ARM Cortex-M3 microprocessor, 802.15.4 transceiver, 9axis inertial measurement unit (IMU), and an infrared-sensitive photodiode which allows the wireless node to localize itself using a high-precision localization system for small, resource-constrained, low-cost wireless sensor nodes known as “lighthouse” localization. The cart moves across the conveyor belt, and upon reaching a specified position sends a wireless signal to a set of receiving nodes attached to the conveyor belt’s motor to reverse direction. Using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) running on-board the cart’s wireless sensor node to estimate the position and velocity of the cart, we are able to achieve 3ms response latency, equivalent to the response latency of industrial photoelectric sensors used in a related implementation. We also show the lighthouse system used in this implementation has no outlier measurements outside the $pm 1 mm$ error range when stationed 3 meters away from the conveyor belt. This, in addition to use of the EKF, enables high-reliability control with strong occlusion tolerance. We show the wireless sensor node is able to continue estimating its position along the conveyor belt when occluded from the lighthouse base station with a median standard deviation reported by the EKF of 0.875mm after 10 cm of occlusion compared to a median 0.109mm standard deviation of the position estimate when not occluded.
{"title":"Lighthouse Localization of Wireless Sensor Networks for Latency-Bounded, High-Reliability Industrial Automation Tasks","authors":"F. Campos, Craig B. Schindler, Brian G. Kilberg, K. Pister","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114443","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of a latency-bounded, high-reliability conveyor belt control system for a cart containing a self-localizing wireless sensor node. The node is equipped with an ARM Cortex-M3 microprocessor, 802.15.4 transceiver, 9axis inertial measurement unit (IMU), and an infrared-sensitive photodiode which allows the wireless node to localize itself using a high-precision localization system for small, resource-constrained, low-cost wireless sensor nodes known as “lighthouse” localization. The cart moves across the conveyor belt, and upon reaching a specified position sends a wireless signal to a set of receiving nodes attached to the conveyor belt’s motor to reverse direction. Using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) running on-board the cart’s wireless sensor node to estimate the position and velocity of the cart, we are able to achieve 3ms response latency, equivalent to the response latency of industrial photoelectric sensors used in a related implementation. We also show the lighthouse system used in this implementation has no outlier measurements outside the $pm 1 mm$ error range when stationed 3 meters away from the conveyor belt. This, in addition to use of the EKF, enables high-reliability control with strong occlusion tolerance. We show the wireless sensor node is able to continue estimating its position along the conveyor belt when occluded from the lighthouse base station with a median standard deviation reported by the EKF of 0.875mm after 10 cm of occlusion compared to a median 0.109mm standard deviation of the position estimate when not occluded.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115017701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114490
Abdulkadir Karaagac, E. D. Poorter, J. Hoebeke
For continuous, persistent and problem-free operation of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN), it is critical to have visibility and awareness into what is happening on the network at any one time. Especially, for the use cases with strong needs for deterministic and real-time network services with latency and reliability guarantees, it is vital to monitor network devices continuously to guarantee their functioning, detect and isolate relevant problems and verify if all system requirements are being met simultaneously. In this context, this article investigates a light-weight telemetry solution for IWSNs, which enables the collection of accurate and continuous flowbased telemetry information, while adding no overhead on the monitored packets. The proposed monitoring solution adopts the recent Alternate Marking Performance Monitoring (AMPM) concept and mainly targets measuring end-to-end and hopby-hop reliability and delay performance in critical application flows. Besides, the technical capabilities and characteristics of the proposed solution are evaluated via a real-life implementation and practical experiments, validating its suitability for IWSNs.
{"title":"Alternate Marking-based Network Telemetry for Industrial WSNs","authors":"Abdulkadir Karaagac, E. D. Poorter, J. Hoebeke","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114490","url":null,"abstract":"For continuous, persistent and problem-free operation of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN), it is critical to have visibility and awareness into what is happening on the network at any one time. Especially, for the use cases with strong needs for deterministic and real-time network services with latency and reliability guarantees, it is vital to monitor network devices continuously to guarantee their functioning, detect and isolate relevant problems and verify if all system requirements are being met simultaneously. In this context, this article investigates a light-weight telemetry solution for IWSNs, which enables the collection of accurate and continuous flowbased telemetry information, while adding no overhead on the monitored packets. The proposed monitoring solution adopts the recent Alternate Marking Performance Monitoring (AMPM) concept and mainly targets measuring end-to-end and hopby-hop reliability and delay performance in critical application flows. Besides, the technical capabilities and characteristics of the proposed solution are evaluated via a real-life implementation and practical experiments, validating its suitability for IWSNs.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123983602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114457
Óscar Seijo, I. Val, J. A. López-Fernández
Wireless communications have attracted great interest from the industry due to its lower cost and the possibility of enabling new use cases. The new use cases are commonly related to mobile robotics, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The design of wireless systems for these use cases requires deep knowledge of the channel behavior. However, the weight and size of full channel sounders exceed the payload of most mobile robots. In addition, full channel sounders usually require wired time synchronization. Hence, channel measurements in these scenarios are constrained to use limited channel sounders, which can only measure some specific parameters (frame error rate, channel attenuation, etc.). In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a portable 802.11-based channel sounder combined with a sub-nanosecond wireless time synchronization algorithm. Thanks to the wireless time synchronization, the channel sounder can be used to periodically take complex baseband Channel Impulse Response samples synchronized to absolute time. From these samples, relevant channel parameters can be extracted, including the Power Delay Profile, Doppler spectrum, and channel delay. The verification of the channel sounder through a wireless channel emulator confirms its feasibility for mobile robotics applications.
{"title":"Portable Full Channel Sounder for Mobile Robotics by Using Sub-Nanosecond Time Synchronization over Wireless","authors":"Óscar Seijo, I. Val, J. A. López-Fernández","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114457","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless communications have attracted great interest from the industry due to its lower cost and the possibility of enabling new use cases. The new use cases are commonly related to mobile robotics, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The design of wireless systems for these use cases requires deep knowledge of the channel behavior. However, the weight and size of full channel sounders exceed the payload of most mobile robots. In addition, full channel sounders usually require wired time synchronization. Hence, channel measurements in these scenarios are constrained to use limited channel sounders, which can only measure some specific parameters (frame error rate, channel attenuation, etc.). In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a portable 802.11-based channel sounder combined with a sub-nanosecond wireless time synchronization algorithm. Thanks to the wireless time synchronization, the channel sounder can be used to periodically take complex baseband Channel Impulse Response samples synchronized to absolute time. From these samples, relevant channel parameters can be extracted, including the Power Delay Profile, Doppler spectrum, and channel delay. The verification of the channel sounder through a wireless channel emulator confirms its feasibility for mobile robotics applications.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130797204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114467
Beatrice Shokry, Dina G. Mahmoud, H. Amer, Maha Shatta, G. Alkady, R. Daoud, I. Adly, Manar N. Shaker, T. Refaat
This paper focuses on FPGA-based systems in the context of space applications and nuclear plants which are extremely harsh environments. In such environments, the probability of occurrence of Multiple Event Upsets (MEUs) is not negligible. Conventional fault-tolerant architectures (such as Triple Modular Redundancy) will NOT be able to handle Triple Event Upsets (TEUs) for example. A fault-tolerant architecture with only six identical modules is developed in this paper even though, intuitively, at least seven modules are required for a system to recover from a TEU. It is proven that the proposed architecture can fully recover from any sequence of Single, Double or Triple Event Upsets by using Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration. If a hard fault affects one of the modules, the architecture will lose some of its fault tolerance but may be able to continue operating correctly depending on the nature of the next fault.
{"title":"Work-in-Progress: Triple Event Upset Tolerant Area-Efficient FPGA-Based System for Space Applications And Nuclear Plants","authors":"Beatrice Shokry, Dina G. Mahmoud, H. Amer, Maha Shatta, G. Alkady, R. Daoud, I. Adly, Manar N. Shaker, T. Refaat","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114467","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on FPGA-based systems in the context of space applications and nuclear plants which are extremely harsh environments. In such environments, the probability of occurrence of Multiple Event Upsets (MEUs) is not negligible. Conventional fault-tolerant architectures (such as Triple Modular Redundancy) will NOT be able to handle Triple Event Upsets (TEUs) for example. A fault-tolerant architecture with only six identical modules is developed in this paper even though, intuitively, at least seven modules are required for a system to recover from a TEU. It is proven that the proposed architecture can fully recover from any sequence of Single, Double or Triple Event Upsets by using Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration. If a hard fault affects one of the modules, the architecture will lose some of its fault tolerance but may be able to continue operating correctly depending on the nature of the next fault.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123975190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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