Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.3126/sirjana.v4i1.39842
Arun Shrestha
Ahorātrapadasādhanavidhī is a method prescribed in vajrayāna religious system to be followed to achieve the goal visualized. In the course of its practice or caryā yoga is adopted as a process of the system built. Caryāgīti listed in ahorātrapadasādhanavidhī in a given sequence equates with the group of letters in alphabetical order carrying a rationalized logic for divine communication. These bunch of caryāgītis are vajrayāna literary work for the benefit of vajrayāna religious practice. Under vajrayāna system, padasādhana is a method which specified stepped process to reach the goal of advaya or non-duality envisaged in the embrace of śūnya and karuņā, a state of yuganaddha, so conceptualized with the element of drama or nāţaka. It is a path to śūnya and ultimate nirvāņa for a bodhisattva. It is a caryā of Buddha nāţaka - mystical till realized.
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Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.3126/sirjana.v4i1.44507
अशोकमान Ashokman सिं Sing
निकै लामो यात्रा तय गर्दै फोटोग्राफी प्रविधि वर्तमान अवस्थासम्म आइपुगेको हो । क्यामेरा अब्स्क्युराबाटसुरु भएको यो यात्रा हेलियोग्राफी क्यामेरा, डेगुएरिओ टाइप क्यामेरा, क्यालोटाइप क्यामेरा,वेटकोलोडियन पद्धति, ड्राइप्लेट नेगेटिभ पद्धति, कोडाक क्यामेरा आदि हुँदै आज डिजिटलफोटोग्राफीसम्म आइपुगेको अवस्था छ । समाजका समस्त क्षेत्रमा फोटोग्राफीको उपयोग झन् झन्बढ्दो छ । मनोरञ्जन र सोखका रूपमा मात्रै होइन, अपितु कला र आमसञ्चारका सशक्त माध्यमकारूपमा फोटोग्राफी विधा स्थापित भइसकेको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा क्यामेराको अवधारणा र यसकोविकासक्रम, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा प्रसिद्ध फोटोग्राफरहरू तथा नेपालका सन्दर्भमा फोटोग्राफीको इतिहासएवम् स्थापित नेपाली फोटोग्राफरहरूबारे सङ्क्षेपमा जानकारी दिने प्रयास गरिएको छ । {Traveling a long way, photography technology has come a long way. From camera obscuraThe journey started with heliography camera, Daguerio type camera, calotype camera, Weekcolodian method, dryplate negative method, Kodak camera etc. are going digital today. There is a situation when it comes to photography. The use of photography in all spheres of society is increasing Is increasing. Not only for entertainment and hobby, but also for powerful means of art and mass communication As the genre of photography has been established. In the present article, the concept of camera and its Development, internationally renowned photographers and the history of photography in the context of Nepal Attempts have been made to give brief information about established Nepali photographers.}
निकै लामो यात्रा तय गर्दै फोटोग्राफी प्रविधि वर्तमान अवस्थासम्म आइपुगेको हो ।क्यामेरा अब्स्क्युराबाटसुरु भएको यो यात्रा हेलियोग्राफीक्यामेरा、डेगुएरिओ टाइप क्यामेरा, क्यालोटाइप क्यामेरा,वेटकोल03ियन पद्धति、ड्राइप्लेट नेगेटिभ पद्धति, कोडाक क्यामेरा आदि हुँदै आज डिजिटलफोटोग्राफीसम्म आइपुगेको अवस्था छ । समाजका समस्त क्षेत्रमा फोटोग्राफीको उपयोग झन् झन्बढ्दो छ । मनोरञ्जन र सोखका रूपमा मात्रै होइन,अपितु कला र आमसञ्चारका सशक्त माध्यमकारूपमा फोटोग्राफी विधा स्थापित भइसकेको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा क्यामेारको अवधारणा र यसकोविकास्करम、अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा प्रसिद्ध फोटोग्राफरहरू तथा नेपालका सन्दर्भमा फोटोग्राफीको इतिहासएवम् स्थापित नेपाली फोटोग्राफरहरूबारे सङ्क्षेपमा जानकारी दिने प्रयास गरिएको छ ।{Traveling a long way,摄影技术已经走过了漫长的道路。从暗箱照相机开始，日光照相机、达盖里奥式照相机、卡禄特照相机、威克寇罗迪亚法、干板底片法、柯达照相机等都在向数码化发展。说到摄影，就不得不提到一种情况。摄影在社会各个领域的应用日益增多。随着摄影流派的确立，摄影不仅用于娱乐和业余爱好，还成为艺术和大众传播的有力手段。本文将介绍照相机的概念及其发展、国际知名摄影师以及尼泊尔的摄影史。｝
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Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.3126/sirjana.v4i1.44441
Saroj Bajracharya
When we contemplate on one particular motif that artists have depicted the most through the ages in their artworks, human anatomy spontaneously comes to mind. However, there is one component the artists have incorporated in their artworks more than human anatomy and that is the space. Be it abstract, figurative or realistic, without space art cannot exist. Science and technology show that humans have taken a giant leap in terms of their progress and advancements. Earth is getting smaller by the second and the land it provides is never enough. However, we have learnt tricks to multiply it. The horizontal landscapes are getting occupied with vertical houses and skyscrapers. We need more space. And in all this concrete haphazard urbanizations, what does space means for an artist? The internal space which is cultivated from imaginations and memories and the external space that s/he greatly wants to balance with the internal, it all is indeed a gigantic metaphorical continuum. They perhaps need solitude, to reconcile with this idea of the space that has come into being from the unification of the internal and the external. And yet again, through the ages, they have been getting hold of themselves in a very important space which they call their studio. A brief comparative observation here attempts to unfold how art studios down the line has evolved with changing times in the west and more importantly in Nepal.
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