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2020 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)最新文献

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A Priority-based Dynamic Link Scheduling Algorithm Using Multi-criteria Decision Making in Wireless Body Area Networks 基于多准则决策的无线体域网络优先级动态链路调度算法
Beomsu Kim, Ki-Il Kim
IEEE 802.15.6, which is the standard for wireless body area networks (WBANs), defines a unique link allocation interval called the managed access phase to meet the QoS requirements of medical applications. The hub grants an uplink allocation interval to the node according to predetermined scheduling policies; however, the IEEE 802.15.6 standard does not consider user priorities in the uplink scheduling. To address this problem, many priority-based link scheduling algorithms have been proposed; however, these algorithms ignore the unique characteristics of WBANs, such as changes in body posture and damage to body tissue, thereby leading to a waste of resources. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we propose three scheduling parameters that are suitable for WBANs, and logically determine the relationship between the proposed parameters using the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method. Furthermore, a priority-based dynamic link scheduling algorithm is proposed, which is based on the results of the MCDM. The simulation results prove that our proposed approach can balance the resource allocation, while maintaining the performance of high-priority nodes in terms of throughput, delay, and power consumption.
IEEE 802.15.6是无线体域网络(wban)的标准,为满足医疗应用对QoS的要求,定义了一个称为托管接入阶段的唯一链路分配间隔。集线器根据预先设定的调度策略授予节点上行分配间隔;但是,IEEE 802.15.6标准在上行调度中不考虑用户优先级。为了解决这个问题,人们提出了许多基于优先级的链路调度算法;然而,这些算法忽略了wban的独特特征,如身体姿势的变化和身体组织的损伤,从而导致资源的浪费。为了克服这些限制,本研究提出了适合wban的三个调度参数,并使用多准则决策(MCDM)方法从逻辑上确定了所提出参数之间的关系。在此基础上,提出了一种基于优先级的动态链路调度算法。仿真结果表明,该方法在保持高优先级节点在吞吐量、延迟和功耗方面的性能的同时,可以实现资源的均衡分配。
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引用次数: 5
Statistical Learning of Markov Chains of Programs 马尔可夫链规划的统计学习
Emilio Incerto, Annalisa Napolitano, M. Tribastone
Markov chains are a useful model for the quantitative analysis of extra-functional properties of software systems such as performance, reliability, and energy consumption. However building Markov models of software systems remains a difficult task. Here we present a statistical method that learns a Markov chain directly from a program, by means of execution runs with inputs sampled by given probability distributions. Our technique is based on learning algorithms for so-called variable length Markov chains, which allow us to capture data dependency throughout execution paths by encoding part of the program history into each state of the chain. Our domain-specific adaptation exploits structural information about the program through its control-flow graph. Using a prototype implementation, we show that this approach represents a significant improvement over state-of-the-art general-purpose learning algorithms, providing accurate models in a number of benchmark programs.
马尔可夫链是一个有用的模型,用于定量分析软件系统的额外功能属性,如性能、可靠性和能耗。然而,构建软件系统的马尔可夫模型仍然是一项艰巨的任务。在这里,我们提出了一种统计方法,该方法直接从程序中学习马尔可夫链,通过给定概率分布采样输入的执行运行。我们的技术基于所谓的变长马尔可夫链的学习算法,它允许我们通过将部分程序历史编码到链的每个状态来捕获整个执行路径中的数据依赖性。我们的领域特定的适应性利用了程序的结构信息,通过它的控制流图。通过使用原型实现,我们表明这种方法代表了对最先进的通用学习算法的重大改进,在许多基准程序中提供了准确的模型。
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引用次数: 0
New Centrality Measures in Networks and their Applications to the International Trade and Migration Networks 网络中的新中心性测度及其在国际贸易和移民网络中的应用
F. Aleskerov, Alina Roman, Anna Rezyapova, V. Yakuba
New centrality indices in networks are introduced in which parameters of a node and a group influence of nodes to a node are taken into account. The Bundle Influence and Pivotal Influence as well as Copeland in-degree indices are evaluated using the data on international trade and international migration. The influence of the countries is evaluated for four years, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. The Total Influence as a linear combination of the three indices is calculated.
引入了新的网络中心性指标,其中考虑了节点的参数和节点对节点的群体影响。利用国际贸易和国际移民数据,对“束效应”和“枢纽效应”以及Copeland程度指数进行了评价。对2001年、2006年、2011年和2016年4年的国家影响力进行了评估。将总影响作为三个指标的线性组合进行计算。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a common environment for learning scheduling algorithms 迈向学习调度算法的通用环境
Renato L. F. Cunha, L. Chaimowicz
We propose a way to model and integrate HPC scheduling simulators into a popular Reinforcement Learning toolkit. We show experimentally that such an approach not only aids researchers being able to iterate faster by means of software reuse, but also to achieve state-of-the-art performance with 10x less interactions with the environment. We validate the simulation model's correctness by using unit tests, assertions and experimental comparisons. We also share an open source implementation of the model that will benefit researchers in resource management tasks assisted by Machine Learning.
我们提出了一种方法来建模和集成HPC调度模拟器到一个流行的强化学习工具包。我们通过实验证明,这种方法不仅可以帮助研究人员通过软件重用更快地迭代,而且还可以通过减少10倍的与环境的交互来实现最先进的性能。通过单元测试、断言和实验对比验证了仿真模型的正确性。我们还分享了该模型的开源实现,这将使机器学习辅助下的资源管理任务的研究人员受益。
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引用次数: 2
2020 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems 2020 IEEE第28届计算机和电信系统建模、分析和仿真国际研讨会
2020 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.
2020 IEEE第28届计算机和电信系统建模、分析和仿真国际研讨会。
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引用次数: 0
Instability in Geo-Distributed Kubernetes Federation: Causes and Mitigation 地理分布式Kubernetes联邦中的不稳定性:原因和缓解
Mulugeta Ayalew Tamiru, G. Pierre, Johan Tordsson, E. Elmroth
As resources in geo-distributed environments are typically located in remote sites characterized by high latency and intermittent network connectivity, delays and transient network failures are common between the management layer and the remote resources. In this paper, we show that delays and transient network failures coupled with static configuration, including the default configuration parameter values, can lead to instability of application deployments in Kubernetes Federation, making applications unavailable for long periods of time. Leveraging on the benefits of configuration tuning, we propose a feedback controller to dynamically adjust the concerned configuration parameter to improve the stability of application deployments without slowing down the detection of hard failures. We show the effectiveness of our approach in a geo-distributed setup across five sites of Grid'5000, bringing system stability from 83-92% with no controller to 99.5-100% using the controller.
由于地理分布式环境中的资源通常位于具有高延迟和间歇性网络连接的远程站点,因此管理层和远程资源之间的延迟和瞬态网络故障是常见的。在本文中,我们展示了延迟和瞬态网络故障与静态配置(包括默认配置参数值)相结合,可能导致Kubernetes Federation中应用程序部署的不稳定,使应用程序长时间不可用。利用配置调优的好处,我们提出了一个反馈控制器来动态调整相关的配置参数,以提高应用程序部署的稳定性,而不会减慢硬故障的检测速度。我们在Grid’5000的五个站点的地理分布式设置中展示了我们的方法的有效性,将系统稳定性从无控制器的83-92%提高到使用控制器的99.5-100%。
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引用次数: 9
Optimum Checkpoints for Time and Energy 时间和精力的最佳检查点
E. Gelenbe, Pawel Boryszko, Miltiadis G. Siavvas, J. Domańska
We study programs which operate in the presence of possible failures and which must be restarted from the beginning after each failure. In such systems checkpointsare introduced to reduce the large costs of program restarts when failures occur. Here we suggest that checkpoints should be introduced in a manner which assures effective reliability, while reducing both the computational overhead as much as possible, but also to save energy. We compute the total average program execution time in the presence of checkoints so as to limit the re-execution time of the program from the most recent checkpoint. We also study the total energy cnsumption of the program under the same conditions, and formulate an optimization problem to minimize a wighted sum of both average computation time and energy. This approach is placed in the context of Application Level Checkpointing and Restart (ALCR). We then focus on checkpoints placed at the beginning of a loop, and derive the optimum placement of checkpoints to minimize a weighted combination of the program's execution time and energy consumption. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the analysis. Finally we describe a software tool with a graphical interface that has been designed to assist a system designer in choosing the optimum checkpoint for a given program as a function of different failure rates and other parameters.
我们研究在可能出现故障的情况下运行的程序,这些程序在每次故障后必须从头开始重新启动。在这样的系统中,引入检查点是为了减少故障发生时程序重新启动的巨大成本。在这里,我们建议引入检查点的方式应该确保有效的可靠性,同时尽可能地减少计算开销,同时也节省能源。我们计算存在检查点时的总平均程序执行时间,以便限制程序从最近的检查点重新执行的时间。我们还研究了在相同条件下程序的总能耗,并制定了一个优化问题,以最小化平均计算时间和能量的加权和。这种方法放在应用程序级别检查点和重新启动(ALCR)的上下文中。然后,我们将重点放在循环开始处的检查点上,并推导出检查点的最佳位置,以最小化程序执行时间和能量消耗的加权组合。给出了数值结果来说明分析结果。最后,我们描述了一个具有图形界面的软件工具,该工具旨在帮助系统设计人员根据不同故障率和其他参数的函数为给定程序选择最佳检查点。
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引用次数: 7
Fabsim-X: A Simulation Framework for the Analysis of Large-Scale Topologies and Congestion Control Protocols in Data Center Networks Fabsim-X:用于分析数据中心网络中大规模拓扑和拥塞控制协议的仿真框架
Malek Musleh, Roberto Peñaranda, Allister Alemania, P. Yébenes, Gene Y. Wu, Jan Zielinski, K. Raszkowski, N. Ni, Scott Diesing, Anupama Kurpad, R. Huggahalli, Curt E. Bruns, Steven Miller, Sujoy Sen
The explosive growth in cloud-computing and overall data center system growth has created an unprecedented demand on system architects and designers to continuously develop more complex system networks to effectively satisfy the insatiable appetite to process, move, and store large amounts of data. Nonlinear system behavior caused by emerging workloads and use-cases, varying end-to-end congestion protocols, and heterogeneity in the various compute and storage capabilities of custom designed accelerators further compounds the design problem. Modern simulation methodologies lack a cohesive and efficient framework to address the interoperability of the intersecting layers at scale. In this paper, we present a simulation framework for evaluating congestion control protocols. Furthermore, we present a set of optimizations that enable analysis for longer simulated times and at network scales up to 128K nodes, which is vital for proper analysis of workloads that require long run times (e.g., AI training) or workloads that are known to have scaling issues (e.g., RDMA). Specifically, we evaluate congestion control performance at various scales, study the implications of topology scaling on congestion, and the performance impact of simultaneous heterogeneous protocols.
云计算和整体数据中心系统的爆炸性增长对系统架构师和设计人员产生了前所未有的需求,他们需要不断开发更复杂的系统网络,以有效地满足对处理、移动和存储大量数据的永不满足的需求。由新出现的工作负载和用例、不同的端到端拥塞协议以及定制设计的加速器的各种计算和存储功能的异质性引起的非线性系统行为进一步加剧了设计问题。现代仿真方法缺乏一个内聚和有效的框架来处理大规模的交叉层的互操作性。在本文中,我们提出了一个评估拥塞控制协议的仿真框架。此外,我们提出了一组优化,可以在更长的模拟时间和网络扩展到128K节点时进行分析,这对于需要长时间运行的工作负载(例如,AI训练)或已知有扩展问题的工作负载(例如,RDMA)的适当分析至关重要。具体来说,我们评估了各种规模的拥塞控制性能,研究了拓扑缩放对拥塞的影响,以及同时异构协议的性能影响。
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引用次数: 0
Incentive mechanism for collective coordination in an urban intelligent transportation system using G-networks 基于g网络的城市智能交通系统集体协调激励机制
Huibo Bi, E. Gelenbe, Yanyan Chen
Although the abilities of human beings as participants in urban traffic, when they take decisions and interact with the transportation infrastructure and other vehicles, have been greatly amplified by powerful portable devices and efficient human-machine interfaces, the intelligence of vehicle drivers and pedestrians and their possible pro-social behaviour such as helpfulness and sense of duty, have been excluded in previous studies of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Thus the robustness of an ITS has not been evaluated as a function of the likelihood that participants follow instructions. Moreover, much effort has been dedicated to the use of Artificial Intelligence, while in fact many tasks can be easily accomplished by road users in the system who use ordinary human intelligence. Hence, in this paper, we propose a reward mechanism to integrate the intelligence of human road users into a large-scale transportation system to improve the effectiveness and robustness of the system by introducing a transportation-related task publishing system which is assisted by a queueing network model. The experimental results show that the use of a reward mechanism can significantly improve the performance of the transportation system in terms of average travel time of vehicles and the average response time to various tasks.
虽然人类作为城市交通参与者的能力,当他们做出决定并与交通基础设施和其他车辆互动时,已经被强大的便携式设备和高效的人机界面大大增强,但车辆驾驶员和行人的智能以及他们可能的亲社会行为,如乐于助人和责任感,在以前的智能交通系统(ITS)研究中被排除在外。因此,尚未将ITS的稳健性作为参与者遵循指示的可能性的函数来评估。此外,人工智能的使用已经付出了很多努力,而实际上,系统中的道路使用者使用普通的人类智能就可以轻松完成许多任务。因此,本文提出了一种奖励机制,通过引入排队网络模型辅助的交通相关任务发布系统,将人类道路使用者的智能整合到大规模交通系统中,以提高系统的有效性和鲁棒性。实验结果表明,在车辆的平均行驶时间和对各种任务的平均响应时间方面,奖励机制的使用可以显著提高运输系统的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Packet Networks with general service time distribution 具有一般服务时间分布的能量分组网络
Youssef Ait El Mahjoub, J. Fourneau, Hind Castel-Taleb
We consider an Energy Packet Network (EPN) model where the service times of the packets follow a Coxian distribution. EPNs are a recent type of models proposed by Gelenbe and his colleagues to study the interactions between energy consumption and the processing or the transmission of data. We prove that such a network has a product form solution for its steady-state distribution. We also state some sufficient conditions for the existence of the flow equations. Finally we study the performances and the energy consumption and we show how to optimize the assignemenl of Δ solar panels over a sensor network.
我们考虑一个能量分组网络(EPN)模型,其中分组的服务时间遵循Coxian分布。epn是最近由Gelenbe和他的同事提出的一种模型,用于研究能源消耗与数据处理或传输之间的相互作用。我们证明了这种网络的稳态分布具有乘积形式解。并给出了流动方程存在的充分条件。最后,我们研究了性能和能量消耗,并展示了如何在传感器网络上优化Δ太阳能电池板的分配。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2020 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)
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