Sarah Draud, Josue Prado, Trevor Hass, Julio Ramirez
Long COVID, a chronic condition affecting individuals who have recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19, has become a significant global challenge. This review article provides an overview of the latest literature on Long COVID, focusing on its epidemiology, natural history, definitions, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, management, and prevention. Approximately 10 to 20% of individuals experience a wide range of persistent symptoms lasting for months to years. The lack of diagnostic tests and a standardized definition for Long COVID has led to underdiagnosis and disregard of the condition, turning it into a silent pandemic. The burden on public health and society is substantial, impacting individuals and communities across demographics and causing economic losses and socioeconomic issues. It affects people of all ages, including those without pre-existing conditions. Complex pathophysiology involves factors such as viral persistence, immune system abnormalities, dysregulated inflammatory response, dysbiosis, reactivation of other viruses, and microthrombi formation. These mechanisms contribute to the diverse range of varied multisystemic symptoms. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial, as the condition can significantly impair quality of life. Management is based on a symptom-based approach and requires multidisciplinary care involving healthcare professionals from various specialties. Further research is needed to raise awareness, understand the natural history and prognosis, and develop effective treatment guidelines for this emerging healthcare burden. Staying informed on Long COVID research is vital for the efficient management of this public health crisis.
{"title":"Long COVID: The Silent Pandemic","authors":"Sarah Draud, Josue Prado, Trevor Hass, Julio Ramirez","doi":"10.59541/001c.81031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59541/001c.81031","url":null,"abstract":"Long COVID, a chronic condition affecting individuals who have recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19, has become a significant global challenge. This review article provides an overview of the latest literature on Long COVID, focusing on its epidemiology, natural history, definitions, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, management, and prevention. Approximately 10 to 20% of individuals experience a wide range of persistent symptoms lasting for months to years. The lack of diagnostic tests and a standardized definition for Long COVID has led to underdiagnosis and disregard of the condition, turning it into a silent pandemic. The burden on public health and society is substantial, impacting individuals and communities across demographics and causing economic losses and socioeconomic issues. It affects people of all ages, including those without pre-existing conditions. Complex pathophysiology involves factors such as viral persistence, immune system abnormalities, dysregulated inflammatory response, dysbiosis, reactivation of other viruses, and microthrombi formation. These mechanisms contribute to the diverse range of varied multisystemic symptoms. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial, as the condition can significantly impair quality of life. Management is based on a symptom-based approach and requires multidisciplinary care involving healthcare professionals from various specialties. Further research is needed to raise awareness, understand the natural history and prognosis, and develop effective treatment guidelines for this emerging healthcare burden. Staying informed on Long COVID research is vital for the efficient management of this public health crisis.","PeriodicalId":273029,"journal":{"name":"Norton Healthcare Medical Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Education is an important component of a successful infection prevention program. Although most infection preventionists recognize the need for education, there is limited time to devote to this endeavor. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released an educational program to help educate frontline healthcare workers about infection prevention principles. It can be a useful resource to meet the educational needs in a healthcare organization or facility; however, there are some barriers to using the program as written.
{"title":"Infection Prevention Education Simplified: The Pros and Cons of Using CDC’s Project Firstline","authors":"Melissa Travis","doi":"10.59541/001c.77921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59541/001c.77921","url":null,"abstract":"Education is an important component of a successful infection prevention program. Although most infection preventionists recognize the need for education, there is limited time to devote to this endeavor. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released an educational program to help educate frontline healthcare workers about infection prevention principles. It can be a useful resource to meet the educational needs in a healthcare organization or facility; however, there are some barriers to using the program as written.","PeriodicalId":273029,"journal":{"name":"Norton Healthcare Medical Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121631972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The public health campaign against Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo faced serious challenges, some due to conspiracy theories and denial. These beliefs were so powerful that they even caused repeated attacks upon health care providers and medical centers. These conspiracy theories were nothing new, as they are a common feature of all frightening epidemics, such as HIV and COVID-19. These narratives also circulated during the 2015 West African Ebola outbreak. Addressing conspiracy theories during an epidemic requires a coordinated campaign involving not only local leaders but also the cooperation of social media organizations.
{"title":"Conspiracy Theories and Ebola: Lessons Learned Important for Future Pandemics","authors":"S. Smallman","doi":"10.59541/001c.77445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59541/001c.77445","url":null,"abstract":"The public health campaign against Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo faced serious challenges, some due to conspiracy theories and denial. These beliefs were so powerful that they even caused repeated attacks upon health care providers and medical centers. These conspiracy theories were nothing new, as they are a common feature of all frightening epidemics, such as HIV and COVID-19. These narratives also circulated during the 2015 West African Ebola outbreak. Addressing conspiracy theories during an epidemic requires a coordinated campaign involving not only local leaders but also the cooperation of social media organizations.","PeriodicalId":273029,"journal":{"name":"Norton Healthcare Medical Journal","volume":"429 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114951592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chirino, T. Wiemken, S. Furmanek, William A. Mattingly, T. Chandler, G. Cabral, R. Cavallazzi, R. Carrico, Julio A Ramirez
The use of artificial intelligence in healthcare is rapidly growing, with great potential to assist medical professionals in diagnosis and treatment of complex medical conditions. In this case report, the recommendations of a pulmonary consultation are compared to the recommendations from a large language model (LLM), ChatGPT, in regards to a case of non-resolving pneumonia. The recommendations by ChatGPT were found to be consistent with the pulmonary consultation, and no recommendations given were inappropriate. As shown in this case report, early generations of LLM such as ChatGPT were able to provide appropriate recommendations for the management of a patient with a complex medical condition.
{"title":"High consistency between recommendations by a pulmonary specialist and ChatGPT for the management of a patient with non-resolving pneumonia","authors":"A. Chirino, T. Wiemken, S. Furmanek, William A. Mattingly, T. Chandler, G. Cabral, R. Cavallazzi, R. Carrico, Julio A Ramirez","doi":"10.59541/001c.75456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59541/001c.75456","url":null,"abstract":"The use of artificial intelligence in healthcare is rapidly growing, with great potential to assist medical professionals in diagnosis and treatment of complex medical conditions. In this case report, the recommendations of a pulmonary consultation are compared to the recommendations from a large language model (LLM), ChatGPT, in regards to a case of non-resolving pneumonia. The recommendations by ChatGPT were found to be consistent with the pulmonary consultation, and no recommendations given were inappropriate. As shown in this case report, early generations of LLM such as ChatGPT were able to provide appropriate recommendations for the management of a patient with a complex medical condition.","PeriodicalId":273029,"journal":{"name":"Norton Healthcare Medical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128333965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter from the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"Julio A. Ramirez","doi":"10.59541/001c.74205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59541/001c.74205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273029,"journal":{"name":"Norton Healthcare Medical Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130759483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although self-confidence is strongly correlated with safe patient care, there is limited research about self-confidence perceptions among new graduate nurses upon entry into licensed practice. This study evaluated the effect of the Student Nurse Apprenticeship Program’s (SNAP) three-tiered employment model on new graduate registered nurse (RN) self-confidence and the organization’s subsequent return on investment. Evaluate the effect of a pre-licensure, student nurse employment model on licensed nurses in three areas: perceived self-confidence related to patient safety, new graduate nurse orientation length, and organizational RN retention. A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group posttest study was conducted at Norton Healthcare (NHC) with SNAP Cohort One. Graduate RNs who completed SNAP and a control group of non-SNAP new graduate RNs took the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey tool prior to starting NHC new graduate nurse orientation. During SNAP application, applicants completed the Human Systems Integration tool which aids in assessment of the relationship between the individual and the role’s responsibilities. In SNAP Cohort One, statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in perceived self-confidence related to patient safety were found in SNAP graduates. Organizational retention was captured at 90% from SNAP to NHC RN, a 94% one-year RN retention, and a 96% two-year RN retention. The mean new graduate RN orientation length for SNAP graduates decreased three weeks. Total organizational cost avoidance of $8.5 million was shown in decreased orientation time and first year RN retention. This study shows that the new graduate RNs completing SNAP had higher perceived self-confidence related to patient safety compared to new graduate RNs who did not complete SNAP. With the success of SNAP Cohort One, in conjunction with the strong return on NHC’s financial investment and creation of a workforce pipeline, NHC continued the program. After five successful cohorts and 696 student nurses, SNAP graduates avoided the organization over $33 million in first year RN turnover costs. SNAP graduate to NHC RN retention remained at 90%, with first year RN retention at 92%, and second year RN retention at 84%. The mean decrease in orientation time for all five cohorts remained between two and three weeks.
{"title":"Nurses in a SNAP: Increasing Self-Confidence for Competent Nursing Practice through a Student Nurse Employment Model","authors":"Brittany Burke","doi":"10.59541/001c.77923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59541/001c.77923","url":null,"abstract":"Although self-confidence is strongly correlated with safe patient care, there is limited research about self-confidence perceptions among new graduate nurses upon entry into licensed practice. This study evaluated the effect of the Student Nurse Apprenticeship Program’s (SNAP) three-tiered employment model on new graduate registered nurse (RN) self-confidence and the organization’s subsequent return on investment. Evaluate the effect of a pre-licensure, student nurse employment model on licensed nurses in three areas: perceived self-confidence related to patient safety, new graduate nurse orientation length, and organizational RN retention. A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group posttest study was conducted at Norton Healthcare (NHC) with SNAP Cohort One. Graduate RNs who completed SNAP and a control group of non-SNAP new graduate RNs took the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey tool prior to starting NHC new graduate nurse orientation. During SNAP application, applicants completed the Human Systems Integration tool which aids in assessment of the relationship between the individual and the role’s responsibilities. In SNAP Cohort One, statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in perceived self-confidence related to patient safety were found in SNAP graduates. Organizational retention was captured at 90% from SNAP to NHC RN, a 94% one-year RN retention, and a 96% two-year RN retention. The mean new graduate RN orientation length for SNAP graduates decreased three weeks. Total organizational cost avoidance of $8.5 million was shown in decreased orientation time and first year RN retention. This study shows that the new graduate RNs completing SNAP had higher perceived self-confidence related to patient safety compared to new graduate RNs who did not complete SNAP. With the success of SNAP Cohort One, in conjunction with the strong return on NHC’s financial investment and creation of a workforce pipeline, NHC continued the program. After five successful cohorts and 696 student nurses, SNAP graduates avoided the organization over $33 million in first year RN turnover costs. SNAP graduate to NHC RN retention remained at 90%, with first year RN retention at 92%, and second year RN retention at 84%. The mean decrease in orientation time for all five cohorts remained between two and three weeks.","PeriodicalId":273029,"journal":{"name":"Norton Healthcare Medical Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114448443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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