Abstract The palp morphology of Dipolydora coeca, D. quadrilobata, Polydora ciliata, P. cornuta and Pseudopolydora pulchra were studied with light and scanning electron microscope. Two new palp characters were found on the two species of Dipolydora : randomly scattered motile cirri and glandular holes. The palp morphology of the investigated species is compared with earlier reports on other members of the Polydora complex. Congeneric palp similarities are found in Polydora and Dipolydora. A single exception is the aberrant Dipolydora commensalis , which has a distinctive palp morphology not found in any other spionid. The palp morphology of the two closely related genera Dipolydora and Polydora is significantly different, which supports the validity of the recently resurrected genus Dipolydora . Comparative studies indicate that the palp morphology of Pseudopolydora pulchra closely resembles that of Dipolydora . The recently studied palp morphology of Boccardia polybranchia has many similarities with that of Polydora.
{"title":"The Systematic Significance of Palp Morphologyin the Polydora Complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae)","authors":"K. Worsaae","doi":"10.1078/0044-5231-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The palp morphology of Dipolydora coeca, D. quadrilobata, Polydora ciliata, P. cornuta and Pseudopolydora pulchra were studied with light and scanning electron microscope. Two new palp characters were found on the two species of Dipolydora : randomly scattered motile cirri and glandular holes. The palp morphology of the investigated species is compared with earlier reports on other members of the Polydora complex. Congeneric palp similarities are found in Polydora and Dipolydora. A single exception is the aberrant Dipolydora commensalis , which has a distinctive palp morphology not found in any other spionid. The palp morphology of the two closely related genera Dipolydora and Polydora is significantly different, which supports the validity of the recently resurrected genus Dipolydora . Comparative studies indicate that the palp morphology of Pseudopolydora pulchra closely resembles that of Dipolydora . The recently studied palp morphology of Boccardia polybranchia has many similarities with that of Polydora.","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126412114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract During July 1999, a study group from the University of Kansas visited the ancient Inca ruins in and around Machu Picchu and Ollantaytambo, Peru. They collected lichens and mosses from the rock walls around the ruins. The samples contained four genera and six species of tardigrades. No associational patterns and relationships were detected. A new species, Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis nov. sp. is described.
{"title":"Tardigrades of South America: Machu Picchu and Ollantaytambo, Peru","authors":"Kg Nickel, W. R. Miller, Nigel J. Marley","doi":"10.1078/0044-5231-00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During July 1999, a study group from the University of Kansas visited the ancient Inca ruins in and around Machu Picchu and Ollantaytambo, Peru. They collected lichens and mosses from the rock walls around the ruins. The samples contained four genera and six species of tardigrades. No associational patterns and relationships were detected. A new species, Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis nov. sp. is described.","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120299603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Anatomical and histological study of the Malpighian tubules in the cicada genera Tibicen and Magicicada (Cicadoidea) demonstrated that, at the nymphal stage, these organs display a glandular modification, similar to one involved in the production of the “froth” in spittlebug nymphs (Cercopoidea). Proximal parts of the tubules contain a short smooth inflated segment, which produces granules of an acid mucopolysaccharide. A more distal long nodulose segment comprises cells which display extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous secretory vacuoles, indicating the manufacture of a proteinaceous product. These cells are strongly PAS-positive, suggesting the secretory product also contains carbohydrates. The production of secretory products in the tubules ceases at the adult stage. Available observations of the behaviors of cicada nymphs suggest that the tubule secretory products mix with copious watery excretion of the gut to form the anal liquid, which is used by the nymphs to cement the walls of the burrows and clean the body. The Malpighian tubule products apparently account for the adhesive properties of the anal liquid. The regional differentiation of the tubules, details of the cell ultrastructure in each of the segments, and the major secretory products are similar to those of spittlebug nymphs, which live immersed in their excretion which is conditioned with the Malpighian tubule secretory products. The results suggest that the distinctive adaptations of juvenile Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea have a common origin.
{"title":"Structure and Function of the Malpighian Tubules, and Related Behaviors in Juvenile Cicadas: Evidence of Homology with Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea & Cercopoidea)","authors":"R. Rakitov","doi":"10.1078/0044-5231-00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anatomical and histological study of the Malpighian tubules in the cicada genera Tibicen and Magicicada (Cicadoidea) demonstrated that, at the nymphal stage, these organs display a glandular modification, similar to one involved in the production of the “froth” in spittlebug nymphs (Cercopoidea). Proximal parts of the tubules contain a short smooth inflated segment, which produces granules of an acid mucopolysaccharide. A more distal long nodulose segment comprises cells which display extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous secretory vacuoles, indicating the manufacture of a proteinaceous product. These cells are strongly PAS-positive, suggesting the secretory product also contains carbohydrates. The production of secretory products in the tubules ceases at the adult stage. Available observations of the behaviors of cicada nymphs suggest that the tubule secretory products mix with copious watery excretion of the gut to form the anal liquid, which is used by the nymphs to cement the walls of the burrows and clean the body. The Malpighian tubule products apparently account for the adhesive properties of the anal liquid. The regional differentiation of the tubules, details of the cell ultrastructure in each of the segments, and the major secretory products are similar to those of spittlebug nymphs, which live immersed in their excretion which is conditioned with the Malpighian tubule secretory products. The results suggest that the distinctive adaptations of juvenile Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea have a common origin.","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118333251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Phyllotreta dilatata Thomson, 1866, P. flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) P. ochripes (Curtis, 1837) and P.tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) are four closely related, morphologically similar flea beetle species which are usually distinguished according to elytral colour pattern and also show morphological differences in the genitalia. Here both uni- and multivariate analyses are used to study intra- and interspecific morphological variation for the four species. All species seem to differ in overall morphology and the results also support the idea of regarding P. tetrastigma and P. flexuosa as two different systematic entities.
摘要Phyllotreta dilatata Thomson, 1866, P. flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) P. ochripes (Curtis, 1837)和P.tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837)是4种亲缘关系近、形态相似的蚤甲虫，通常根据鞘翅颜色图案来区分，在生殖器上也表现出形态差异。本文采用单变量和多变量分析方法研究了四种植物种内和种间的形态变异。所有物种在整体形态上似乎都有所不同，研究结果也支持了将四合木和弯曲木作为两个不同系统实体的观点。
{"title":"Morphological Variation within and between Four Closely Related Phyllotreta Species: P. dilatata, P. flexuosa, P. ochripes and P. tetrastigma (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"P. Verdyck","doi":"10.1078/0044-5231-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phyllotreta dilatata Thomson, 1866, P. flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) P. ochripes (Curtis, 1837) and P.tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) are four closely related, morphologically similar flea beetle species which are usually distinguished according to elytral colour pattern and also show morphological differences in the genitalia. Here both uni- and multivariate analyses are used to study intra- and interspecific morphological variation for the four species. All species seem to differ in overall morphology and the results also support the idea of regarding P. tetrastigma and P. flexuosa as two different systematic entities.","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1078/S0044-5231(04)70072-8
Christian Lemburg
Abstract A new homalorhagid kinorhynch, Pycnophyes australensis sp. n., found in sediment probes from the eulitoral zone of a sandy beach of Magnetic Island, Australia is described and illustrated. This is the second species of Pycnophyes to be described and only the third record of a homalorhagid kinorhynch for Australia. P.australensis is characterized by a unique combination of characters. Like 17 other species of Pycnophyes the new species lacks a well-developed middorsal process on the posterior margin of the 3rd segment. From these only three other species, namely P. beaufortensis Higgins, 1964, P. kielensis Zelinka 1928, and P. zelinkaei Southern, 1914 share the possession of prominent anteromesial thickenings (Mittelwulste) on only the 12th segment with P.australensis . Whereas P. kielensis and P. zelinkaei clearly differ from the new species by the prominent scalloped or a strongly denticulated anterior margin of the 3rd tergite, P. beaufortensis closely resembles P. australensis in several characters, namely the similar body dimensions (TL, MSW) and the relative length of the lateral terminal spines (∼17% of trunk length). However, the new species differs from P. beaufortensis in having lateral setae on segments 4—11 and a pair of setae on segment 12, the lack of the lateral armor joints of the 12th segment and a much broader caudal end. Moreover P. australensis is characterized by a conspicuous reticulate sculpture of cuticular folds on the pachycycli of segments 4—12. In addition the six juvenile stages of P. australensis are described. Whereas the first three stages possess a long midterminal spine and represent the so-called ‘Centrophyes’ stage, the following three stages lack the midterminal spine and possess only small immovable anlagen of the lateral terminal spines. These juveniles represent thus the so-called ‘Leptodemus’ stages. This is the first report of such a development via a series of ‘Centrophyes’ and ‘Leptodemus’ stages into the adult for the Kinorhyncha. Other species of Pycnophyes (e.g. P. beaufortensis and P. cryopygus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) develop either via three ‘Centrophyes’ and three ‘Hyalophyes’ stages, the latter are characterized by larger, movable lateral terminal spines, or at least the first five juveniles represent the ‘Leptodemus’ stage. The latter mode is known for P. kielensis and P. dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) but is otherwise characteristic for species of Kinorhynchus . The phylogenetic implications of this third developmental mode are discussed.
{"title":"A New Kinorhynch Pycnophyes australensis sp. n. (Kinorhyncha: Homalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from Magnetic Island, Australia","authors":"Christian Lemburg","doi":"10.1078/S0044-5231(04)70072-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1078/S0044-5231(04)70072-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new homalorhagid kinorhynch, Pycnophyes australensis sp. n., found in sediment probes from the eulitoral zone of a sandy beach of Magnetic Island, Australia is described and illustrated. This is the second species of Pycnophyes to be described and only the third record of a homalorhagid kinorhynch for Australia. P.australensis is characterized by a unique combination of characters. Like 17 other species of Pycnophyes the new species lacks a well-developed middorsal process on the posterior margin of the 3rd segment. From these only three other species, namely P. beaufortensis Higgins, 1964, P. kielensis Zelinka 1928, and P. zelinkaei Southern, 1914 share the possession of prominent anteromesial thickenings (Mittelwulste) on only the 12th segment with P.australensis . Whereas P. kielensis and P. zelinkaei clearly differ from the new species by the prominent scalloped or a strongly denticulated anterior margin of the 3rd tergite, P. beaufortensis closely resembles P. australensis in several characters, namely the similar body dimensions (TL, MSW) and the relative length of the lateral terminal spines (∼17% of trunk length). However, the new species differs from P. beaufortensis in having lateral setae on segments 4—11 and a pair of setae on segment 12, the lack of the lateral armor joints of the 12th segment and a much broader caudal end. Moreover P. australensis is characterized by a conspicuous reticulate sculpture of cuticular folds on the pachycycli of segments 4—12. In addition the six juvenile stages of P. australensis are described. Whereas the first three stages possess a long midterminal spine and represent the so-called ‘Centrophyes’ stage, the following three stages lack the midterminal spine and possess only small immovable anlagen of the lateral terminal spines. These juveniles represent thus the so-called ‘Leptodemus’ stages. This is the first report of such a development via a series of ‘Centrophyes’ and ‘Leptodemus’ stages into the adult for the Kinorhyncha. Other species of Pycnophyes (e.g. P. beaufortensis and P. cryopygus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) develop either via three ‘Centrophyes’ and three ‘Hyalophyes’ stages, the latter are characterized by larger, movable lateral terminal spines, or at least the first five juveniles represent the ‘Leptodemus’ stage. The latter mode is known for P. kielensis and P. dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) but is otherwise characteristic for species of Kinorhynchus . The phylogenetic implications of this third developmental mode are discussed.","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128547528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1016/J.JCZ.2015.12.001
A. Pérez-González, G. D. Rubio, M. Ramírez
{"title":"Insights on vulval morphology in Ochyroceratinae with a rediagnosis of the subfamily and description of the first Argentinean species (Araneae: Synspermiata: Ochyroceratidae)","authors":"A. Pérez-González, G. D. Rubio, M. Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/J.JCZ.2015.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCZ.2015.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"52 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119784779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Multivariate morphometric analysis of 31 cranial and dental characters was applied to a sample of 141 adult specimens of mice from southern and south-eastern Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. The material under study represented five species of two subgenera, viz., Asian Mus ( M. terricolor [= M. dunni ], M. caroli , M. cervicolor ) and African Nannomys ( M. minutoides , M. setulosus ). The results were largely congruent with molecular data based on various markers. The two subgenera were found to be morphologically clearly differentiated from each other, as were also Mus ( Nannomys ) minutoides and M . ( N .) setulosus . Within the subgenus Mus , the morphometric distance of M. terricolor , a member of the so-called “ Leggada ” group, from other species was also high. On the contrary, M. cervicolor and M. caroli appeared to be similar to each other morphologically. In M. cervicolor , no substantial morphometric differences were found between two subspecies, M. c. cervicolor and M. c. popaeus . The patterns of morphological differentiation between respective samples did not fully reflect geographical distribution in M . ( N .) minutoides and M . ( N .) setulosus.
摘要对来自南亚、东南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲的141只成年小鼠标本进行了31个颅牙特征的多元形态计量学分析。研究材料包括亚洲小家鼠(M. terricolor [= M. dunni]， M. caroli, M. cervicolor)和非洲小家鼠(M. minutoides, M. setulosus) 2个亚属5种。结果与基于各种标记的分子数据基本一致。这两个亚属在形态上有明显的区别，小野鼠和小野鼠也有明显的区别。(名词)setulosus在小家鼠亚属中，所谓的“Leggada”组成员M. terricolor与其他物种的形态距离也很高。相反，颈色和卡罗利在形态上似乎很相似。在颈色毛鼠和波氏毛鼠两个亚种之间没有发现明显的形态差异。各样品间的形态分化模式不能完全反映M的地理分布。(N .) minutoides和M .;(名词)setulosus
{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of Morphometric Variation in Asian Mus and Sub-Saharan Nannomys (Rodentia: Muridae)","authors":"M. Macholán","doi":"10.1078/0044-5231-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multivariate morphometric analysis of 31 cranial and dental characters was applied to a sample of 141 adult specimens of mice from southern and south-eastern Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. The material under study represented five species of two subgenera, viz., Asian Mus ( M. terricolor [= M. dunni ], M. caroli , M. cervicolor ) and African Nannomys ( M. minutoides , M. setulosus ). The results were largely congruent with molecular data based on various markers. The two subgenera were found to be morphologically clearly differentiated from each other, as were also Mus ( Nannomys ) minutoides and M . ( N .) setulosus . Within the subgenus Mus , the morphometric distance of M. terricolor , a member of the so-called “ Leggada ” group, from other species was also high. On the contrary, M. cervicolor and M. caroli appeared to be similar to each other morphologically. In M. cervicolor , no substantial morphometric differences were found between two subspecies, M. c. cervicolor and M. c. popaeus . The patterns of morphological differentiation between respective samples did not fully reflect geographical distribution in M . ( N .) minutoides and M . ( N .) setulosus.","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127175546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The ecological distribution of tardigrades on the island of Newfoundland, Canada is greatly affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Altitude and type of bedrock are major determining factors in tardigrade distribution while both moisture content of the environment and rate of dessication of the mosses and lichens in which they live appear to be other factors contributing to their distribution. A number of cases of apparent competitive exclusion and inter-specific competition have been noted which probably also affect tardigrade distribution.
{"title":"The Ecological Distribution of Tardigrades in Newfoundland","authors":"M. Collins, L. Bateman","doi":"10.1078/0044-5231-00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ecological distribution of tardigrades on the island of Newfoundland, Canada is greatly affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Altitude and type of bedrock are major determining factors in tardigrade distribution while both moisture content of the environment and rate of dessication of the mosses and lichens in which they live appear to be other factors contributing to their distribution. A number of cases of apparent competitive exclusion and inter-specific competition have been noted which probably also affect tardigrade distribution.","PeriodicalId":273031,"journal":{"name":"Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118241888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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