Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92077
Bùi Trung Thành, L. A. Duc
After the centrifugation stage, refined salt particles have rather high moisture content; therefore, the moist salt particles in contact with each other will stick together in a short time. In particular, the moist salt particles will stick together faster and tighter and form a larger unit when they are exposed to drying hot air. For this reason, the refined salt was dried by rotary drum dryers with vibrating balls distributed along the drum or a vibrating fluidized bed dryers. These drying methods make poor product sensory quality, low product recovery efficiency, while also lead to an increase of heat and electricity energy consumption. In order to increase the efficiency of refined salt drying technology by conventional continuous fluidized bed dryers, the chapter focuses on the study of aerodynamic properties of refined salt grains in the continuous fluidized particle layer. The content of the chapter presents theoretical and empirical methods to determine fluidization velocity types in designing a continuous fluidized bed dryer.
{"title":"Determination on Fluidization Velocity Types of the Continuous Refined Salt Fluidized Bed Drying","authors":"Bùi Trung Thành, L. A. Duc","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92077","url":null,"abstract":"After the centrifugation stage, refined salt particles have rather high moisture content; therefore, the moist salt particles in contact with each other will stick together in a short time. In particular, the moist salt particles will stick together faster and tighter and form a larger unit when they are exposed to drying hot air. For this reason, the refined salt was dried by rotary drum dryers with vibrating balls distributed along the drum or a vibrating fluidized bed dryers. These drying methods make poor product sensory quality, low product recovery efficiency, while also lead to an increase of heat and electricity energy consumption. In order to increase the efficiency of refined salt drying technology by conventional continuous fluidized bed dryers, the chapter focuses on the study of aerodynamic properties of refined salt grains in the continuous fluidized particle layer. The content of the chapter presents theoretical and empirical methods to determine fluidization velocity types in designing a continuous fluidized bed dryer.","PeriodicalId":275613,"journal":{"name":"Current Drying Processes","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131823170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91036
L. A. Duc, Keum Dong Hyuk
Mathematical modeling for rapeseed drying on concurrent-flow dryer was built based on energy and mass transfer balances. The fourth-order Runge – Kutta method was used for solving four ordinary differential equations. A computer simulation program for circulating concurrent-flow rapeseed dryer was developed using these models. A pilot-scale concurrent-flow dryer was used to verify the fitness of simulation program. Two drying experiments were conducted. The output parameters of the simulation program were compared and analyzed with experiment data. The RMSE of simulated moisture contents ranged from 0.334 to 0.506%w.b. with the coefficient of determinations ranged from 0.994 to 0.997. The RMSE of simulated rapeseed temperatures during drying process ranged from 1.15 to 1.77°C with the R 2 ranging from 0.904 to 0.925. The experimental drying rates were 2.38 and 2.80% w. b./h. In comparison with simulated values, the difference between simulated value and measured value of drying rate were 5.04 and 5.08%; drying time were 7.14 and 0.47%; and germination ratio were 1.87 and 0.47%. The simulated fuel energy consumption for drying were 4.62 and 8.57% lower than the experimental values. The analytic results showed that the simulation results have good fitness with experimental data.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Rapeseed Drying on Concurrent-Flow Dryer","authors":"L. A. Duc, Keum Dong Hyuk","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91036","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modeling for rapeseed drying on concurrent-flow dryer was built based on energy and mass transfer balances. The fourth-order Runge – Kutta method was used for solving four ordinary differential equations. A computer simulation program for circulating concurrent-flow rapeseed dryer was developed using these models. A pilot-scale concurrent-flow dryer was used to verify the fitness of simulation program. Two drying experiments were conducted. The output parameters of the simulation program were compared and analyzed with experiment data. The RMSE of simulated moisture contents ranged from 0.334 to 0.506%w.b. with the coefficient of determinations ranged from 0.994 to 0.997. The RMSE of simulated rapeseed temperatures during drying process ranged from 1.15 to 1.77°C with the R 2 ranging from 0.904 to 0.925. The experimental drying rates were 2.38 and 2.80% w. b./h. In comparison with simulated values, the difference between simulated value and measured value of drying rate were 5.04 and 5.08%; drying time were 7.14 and 0.47%; and germination ratio were 1.87 and 0.47%. The simulated fuel energy consumption for drying were 4.62 and 8.57% lower than the experimental values. The analytic results showed that the simulation results have good fitness with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":275613,"journal":{"name":"Current Drying Processes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-04DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90120
Italo Pedro Bello Moreira, Edgar Ruperto Macías Ganchozo, Xavier Enrique Anchundia Muentes, Celio Danilo Bravo Moreira, Manuel Eduardo Anchundia Muentes, Hebert Edison Vera Delgado, Carlos Eduardo Anchundia Betancourt
The objective of this research was to know the useful life of dehydrated tropical fruits based on a solar dryer designed and developed under the conditions of Calceta, Bolívar Canton of the Province of Manabí, Ecuador. The physical and chemical characteristics exhibited during the radiation dehydration process were satisfactory, in fresh pineapple from 86.36% low humidity to 21.07%, from 0.67% protein to 2.45%, and from 2.05% fiber to 3.73%; in mamey from 79.30 to 21.07%, from 0.41 to 2.55%, and from 2.50 to 4.94%; and in bananas with from 80.22 to 10.35%, from 1.27 to 2.14%, and from 0.88 to 2.42. Microbiological analyses determined the life span of the products estimated at 174, 106, and 109 days, respectively, in pineapple, mamey, and banana. As for the attributes measured with the 1–5 scale of sensory evaluation, the mean treatments of their attributes such as color, sweetness, appearance, and taste were demonstrated where bananas present better color attributes with 4.38; 4.58, sweetness; 4.58, texture;4.68, appearance; and 4.75, flavor. Where significant diffraction can be determined relative to the calculated value p > 0.05 of <0.0001, the R statistic in pineapple indicates 48.0814% variability in decreasing moisture pineapple (DMP), and its correlation coefficient is equal to 0.693408; the R statistic in mamey indicates 55.6423% variability in decreasing moisture mamey (DMM), and its correlation coefficient is equal to 0.745938; and finally the R statistic in banana indicates 56.339% variability in decreasing moisture banana (DMB), and its correlation coefficient is equal to 0.750593, indicating a moderately strong relationship between variables in all cases.
{"title":"Postharvest Treatment of Tropical Fruits Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Mamey (Mammea americana), and Banana (Musa paradisiaca) by Means of a Solar Dryer Designed","authors":"Italo Pedro Bello Moreira, Edgar Ruperto Macías Ganchozo, Xavier Enrique Anchundia Muentes, Celio Danilo Bravo Moreira, Manuel Eduardo Anchundia Muentes, Hebert Edison Vera Delgado, Carlos Eduardo Anchundia Betancourt","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90120","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to know the useful life of dehydrated tropical fruits based on a solar dryer designed and developed under the conditions of Calceta, Bolívar Canton of the Province of Manabí, Ecuador. The physical and chemical characteristics exhibited during the radiation dehydration process were satisfactory, in fresh pineapple from 86.36% low humidity to 21.07%, from 0.67% protein to 2.45%, and from 2.05% fiber to 3.73%; in mamey from 79.30 to 21.07%, from 0.41 to 2.55%, and from 2.50 to 4.94%; and in bananas with from 80.22 to 10.35%, from 1.27 to 2.14%, and from 0.88 to 2.42. Microbiological analyses determined the life span of the products estimated at 174, 106, and 109 days, respectively, in pineapple, mamey, and banana. As for the attributes measured with the 1–5 scale of sensory evaluation, the mean treatments of their attributes such as color, sweetness, appearance, and taste were demonstrated where bananas present better color attributes with 4.38; 4.58, sweetness; 4.58, texture;4.68, appearance; and 4.75, flavor. Where significant diffraction can be determined relative to the calculated value p > 0.05 of <0.0001, the R statistic in pineapple indicates 48.0814% variability in decreasing moisture pineapple (DMP), and its correlation coefficient is equal to 0.693408; the R statistic in mamey indicates 55.6423% variability in decreasing moisture mamey (DMM), and its correlation coefficient is equal to 0.745938; and finally the R statistic in banana indicates 56.339% variability in decreasing moisture banana (DMB), and its correlation coefficient is equal to 0.750593, indicating a moderately strong relationship between variables in all cases.","PeriodicalId":275613,"journal":{"name":"Current Drying Processes","volume":"80 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132547381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89424
Chang Peng, S. Moghaddam
Our existing cloth drying technology is an energy-intensive process, which generally involves blowing hot air across tumbling wet fabrics to facilitate evaporation and moisture removal. To address the relatively low energy efficiency of existing cloth drying techniques, in this chapter, a totally new cloth drying technology is introduced, which uses high frequency ultrasonic vibrations generated by piezoelectric transducer instead of thermal heating to extract moisture in cloth as a cold mist, dramatically reducing drying time and energy consumption. The physical mechanism of ultrasonic fabric drying process in direct-contact mode is first studied. A novel ultrasonic transducer driving method, in which the power supply to the transducer is regulated by a binary modulating signal, is then developed for use in direct-contact ultrasonic drying of fabrics. A demonstration unit is finally fabricated to show the efficacy of the process and its energy saving compared to thermal drying process.
{"title":"The Study of Fabric Drying Using Direct-Contact Ultrasonic Vibration","authors":"Chang Peng, S. Moghaddam","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89424","url":null,"abstract":"Our existing cloth drying technology is an energy-intensive process, which generally involves blowing hot air across tumbling wet fabrics to facilitate evaporation and moisture removal. To address the relatively low energy efficiency of existing cloth drying techniques, in this chapter, a totally new cloth drying technology is introduced, which uses high frequency ultrasonic vibrations generated by piezoelectric transducer instead of thermal heating to extract moisture in cloth as a cold mist, dramatically reducing drying time and energy consumption. The physical mechanism of ultrasonic fabric drying process in direct-contact mode is first studied. A novel ultrasonic transducer driving method, in which the power supply to the transducer is regulated by a binary modulating signal, is then developed for use in direct-contact ultrasonic drying of fabrics. A demonstration unit is finally fabricated to show the efficacy of the process and its energy saving compared to thermal drying process.","PeriodicalId":275613,"journal":{"name":"Current Drying Processes","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89686
M. Castillo Téllez, B. Castillo Téllez, José Andrés Alanís Navarro, Juan Carlos Ovando Sierra, Gerardo A. Mejia Pérez
Historically, medicinal plants have always had an important place in medicine. Medicinal plants processing represents a great challenge, due to their compounds sensitive to the environmental conditions that surround and degrade them. Mostly of these plants require to be dry to preserve its safety and medicinal properties; therefore, for proper drying, it is necessary to use sustainable devices that protect the desirable characteristics of plants from direct radiation. In this work, the kinetics of dehydration of three medicinal plants are presented in an indirect solar dryer. In addition, the experimental results were adjusted to nine mostly used models, to estimate the drying conditions required to achieve a desired final moisture content. Modified Page and Page were the models with better fit to experimental results. Furthermore, a computational simulation of temperature evolution and distribution inside the dryer is presented. These results agree with those obtained experimentally.
{"title":"Kinetics of Drying Medicinal Plants by Hybridization of Solar Technologies","authors":"M. Castillo Téllez, B. Castillo Téllez, José Andrés Alanís Navarro, Juan Carlos Ovando Sierra, Gerardo A. Mejia Pérez","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89686","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, medicinal plants have always had an important place in medicine. Medicinal plants processing represents a great challenge, due to their compounds sensitive to the environmental conditions that surround and degrade them. Mostly of these plants require to be dry to preserve its safety and medicinal properties; therefore, for proper drying, it is necessary to use sustainable devices that protect the desirable characteristics of plants from direct radiation. In this work, the kinetics of dehydration of three medicinal plants are presented in an indirect solar dryer. In addition, the experimental results were adjusted to nine mostly used models, to estimate the drying conditions required to achieve a desired final moisture content. Modified Page and Page were the models with better fit to experimental results. Furthermore, a computational simulation of temperature evolution and distribution inside the dryer is presented. These results agree with those obtained experimentally.","PeriodicalId":275613,"journal":{"name":"Current Drying Processes","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114007818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.89118
A. Artyukhov, N. Artyukhova, R. Ostroha, M. Yukhymenko, J. Bocko, J. Krmela
The main advantages regarding the convective drying of the granular materials in the multistage dryers with sloping perforated shelves were represented. Peculiarities of the shelf dryers ’ hydrodynamics were shown in the research. Various hydrodynamic weighing modes were experimentally justified, and the relevant criteria equations were obtained. The results of investigations regarding the interphase heat and mass transfer were given; criteria dependencies, which predict heat and mass transfer coefficients in the shelf dryers, were proposed. A method to assess the efficiency of the dehydration process at the separate stages of the device and in the dryer, in general, was proposed. The algorithm to define the residence time of the granular material on the perforated shelf with a description of the author ’ s software product for optimization calculation was shown. The shelf dryers ’ engineering calculation method was presented in this work. The original constructions of devices with various ways to control the residence time of the granular material that stays in their workspace were described. The testing results of the shelf dryer to dry granular materials, such as coarse- and fine-crystalline potassium chloride, sodium pyrosulfate, and iron and nickel powders, were demonstrated.
{"title":"Convective Drying in the Multistage Shelf Dryers: Theoretical Bases and Practical Implementation","authors":"A. Artyukhov, N. Artyukhova, R. Ostroha, M. Yukhymenko, J. Bocko, J. Krmela","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.89118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.89118","url":null,"abstract":"The main advantages regarding the convective drying of the granular materials in the multistage dryers with sloping perforated shelves were represented. Peculiarities of the shelf dryers ’ hydrodynamics were shown in the research. Various hydrodynamic weighing modes were experimentally justified, and the relevant criteria equations were obtained. The results of investigations regarding the interphase heat and mass transfer were given; criteria dependencies, which predict heat and mass transfer coefficients in the shelf dryers, were proposed. A method to assess the efficiency of the dehydration process at the separate stages of the device and in the dryer, in general, was proposed. The algorithm to define the residence time of the granular material on the perforated shelf with a description of the author ’ s software product for optimization calculation was shown. The shelf dryers ’ engineering calculation method was presented in this work. The original constructions of devices with various ways to control the residence time of the granular material that stays in their workspace were described. The testing results of the shelf dryer to dry granular materials, such as coarse- and fine-crystalline potassium chloride, sodium pyrosulfate, and iron and nickel powders, were demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":275613,"journal":{"name":"Current Drying Processes","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128443008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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