Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/344-350
N. P. Lishma, K. A. Cherian
Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most important diseases that affects the banana production which leads to huge economic loss. Thus, to avoid yield loss and manage the disease on time, morphological and cultural characterization of the pathogen is essential as a preliminary identification step. Thirty isolates were collected from different banana growing regions of Kerala. The isolates were grown on half strength PDA medium. The isolates showed extreme variations in their cultural and morphological characters. Most of the isolates produced white coloured aerial mycelium and few of them were greyish white with white to pink pigmentation. Colony diameter ranged from 59.6 to 90.0 mm at seven days after incubation at 25ºC. The mycelial growth rate varied from 0.83 cm/day to 2.40 cm/day. Length and breadth of macroconidia ranged from 15.01 to 20.20 μm and 2.14 to 5.07 μm whereas, it ranged from 4.49 to 7.42 μm and 1.35 to 3.13 μm for microconidia. The diameter of chlamydospores varied from 5.68 to 9.58 μm. Whereas, the inter septal length and breadth of hyphae varied from 16.14 μm to 22.94 μm and 4.22 μm to 6.57 μm. The cluster analysis based on the quantitative parameters classified the isolates based on variety and genome of the host plants. All the isolates from Rasthali/Poovan (AAB) and Njalipoovan (AB) belonged to the cluster A1 whereas the isolates from Kadali and Chenkadali varieties of banana formed the cluster A2. While, the clustering based on qualitative parameters was irrespective of the variety or genome of the host plant.
{"title":"Morphological and cultural variability in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causing vascular wilt of banana in Kerala","authors":"N. P. Lishma, K. A. Cherian","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/344-350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/344-350","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most important diseases that affects the banana production which leads to huge economic loss. Thus, to avoid yield loss and manage the disease on time, morphological and cultural characterization of the pathogen is essential as a preliminary identification step. Thirty isolates were collected from different banana growing regions of Kerala. The isolates were grown on half strength PDA medium. The isolates showed extreme variations in their cultural and morphological characters. Most of the isolates produced white coloured aerial mycelium and few of them were greyish white with white to pink pigmentation. Colony diameter ranged from 59.6 to 90.0 mm at seven days after incubation at 25ºC. The mycelial growth rate varied from 0.83 cm/day to 2.40 cm/day. Length and breadth of macroconidia ranged from 15.01 to 20.20 μm and 2.14 to 5.07 μm whereas, it ranged from 4.49 to 7.42 μm and 1.35 to 3.13 μm for microconidia. The diameter of chlamydospores varied from 5.68 to 9.58 μm. Whereas, the inter septal length and breadth of hyphae varied from 16.14 μm to 22.94 μm and 4.22 μm to 6.57 μm. The cluster analysis based on the quantitative parameters classified the isolates based on variety and genome of the host plants. All the isolates from Rasthali/Poovan (AAB) and Njalipoovan (AB) belonged to the cluster A1 whereas the isolates from Kadali and Chenkadali varieties of banana formed the cluster A2. While, the clustering based on qualitative parameters was irrespective of the variety or genome of the host plant.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122557922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/374-381
K. Sundharaiya, S. Nagarai, G. Sathish
Afield experiment on Effect of organic manures and biostimulants on growth and seed yield of multiplier onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) cv. Co (On 5) was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Vaigaidam. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors viz., organic manures and biostimulants which includes M1- Control, M2- FYM (12.5 t ha-1), M3- Neem cake (2 t ha-1) and M4- Vermicompost (2 t ha-1) and S1- Control (water spray), S2- Humic acid (0.2 %), S3- Panchagavya (2%), S4- Vermiwash (2%) and S5- Seaweed extract (2%). Totally twenty treatments and were replicated thrice. The results revealed that soil application of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 recorded higher plant growth bulb yield and seed yield when compared to other organic manures of the present study. Similarly among the bio stimulants 2 per cent seaweed extract spray recorded higher plant growth, bulb yield and seed yield when compared to other bio stimulants of the present study. Interaction effect also showed that soil application of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 and foliar application of seaweed extract excelled and recoded the maximum plant growth, bulb yield and seed yield in multiplier onion.
有机肥和生物刺激剂对倍增器洋葱生长和种子产量影响的田间试验。Co (On 5)在Vaigaidam农业研究站进行。试验采用因子随机区组设计，包括有机肥和生物刺激物，其中M1-对照，M2- FYM (12.5 t ha-1)， M3-印米饼(2 t ha-1)， M4-蚯蚓堆肥(2 t ha-1)和S1-对照(水喷雾)，S2-腐植酸(0.2%)，S3- Panchagavya (2%)， S4-蚯蚓水(2%)和S5-海藻提取物(2%)。共20个处理，重复3次。结果表明，与本研究的其他有机肥相比，施用FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1的土壤可获得更高的植株生长、鳞茎产量和种子产量。同样，在生物刺激剂中，2%海藻提取物喷雾与本研究的其他生物刺激剂相比，记录了更高的植物生长、球茎产量和种子产量。互作效应还表明，土壤施用FYM @ 12.5 t hm -1和叶面施用海藻提取物对倍增洋葱的最大植株生长、鳞茎产量和种子产量均有显著影响。
{"title":"Standardization of organic protocols for growth and seed yield of multiplier onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) cv. Co (On 5)","authors":"K. Sundharaiya, S. Nagarai, G. Sathish","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/374-381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/374-381","url":null,"abstract":"Afield experiment on Effect of organic manures and biostimulants on growth and seed yield of multiplier onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) cv. Co (On 5) was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Vaigaidam. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors viz., organic manures and biostimulants which includes M1- Control, M2- FYM (12.5 t ha-1), M3- Neem cake (2 t ha-1) and M4- Vermicompost (2 t ha-1) and S1- Control (water spray), S2- Humic acid (0.2 %), S3- Panchagavya (2%), S4- Vermiwash (2%) and S5- Seaweed extract (2%). Totally twenty treatments and were replicated thrice. The results revealed that soil application of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 recorded higher plant growth bulb yield and seed yield when compared to other organic manures of the present study. Similarly among the bio stimulants 2 per cent seaweed extract spray recorded higher plant growth, bulb yield and seed yield when compared to other bio stimulants of the present study. Interaction effect also showed that soil application of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 and foliar application of seaweed extract excelled and recoded the maximum plant growth, bulb yield and seed yield in multiplier onion.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129068175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/330-335
S. Helen, N. Mridula
A study was conducted among 150 agricultural extension personnel from five districts of Kerala to identify the constraints faced by the agricultural extension personnel in using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in transfer of technology and suggested strategies for their capacity building. Lack of proper training facility was recorded as the most experienced constraint with a mean score value of 9.48, followed by inadequate computer facility (8.82) available to them. The other major constraints experienced by the extension personnel were poor technical know how and conducting trainings at inappropriate times with a mean score of 8.32 each and lack of financial resources formain taining the ICT tools with the mean score of 8.03. It is suggested to categorise the extension personnel into two groups viz., those extension personnel who need the basics of ICTs and those extension personnel who require the knowledge on advanced ICTs. Target specific training modules, hands on experience, well established infrastructure, adequate funds and personnel for repair and maintenance, computer based trainings and advanced circulation of annual training calendars among extension personnel by the training organizations are the suggested strategies for the capacity building of extension personnel of Kerala in using ICTs.
{"title":"Strategies for capacity building of agricultural extension personnel in using information and communication technologies for transfer of technology","authors":"S. Helen, N. Mridula","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/330-335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/330-335","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted among 150 agricultural extension personnel from five districts of Kerala to identify the constraints faced by the agricultural extension personnel in using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in transfer of technology and suggested strategies for their capacity building. Lack of proper training facility was recorded as the most experienced constraint with a mean score value of 9.48, followed by inadequate computer facility (8.82) available to them. The other major constraints experienced by the extension personnel were poor technical know how and conducting trainings at inappropriate times with a mean score of 8.32 each and lack of financial resources formain taining the ICT tools with the mean score of 8.03. It is suggested to categorise the extension personnel into two groups viz., those extension personnel who need the basics of ICTs and those extension personnel who require the knowledge on advanced ICTs. Target specific training modules, hands on experience, well established infrastructure, adequate funds and personnel for repair and maintenance, computer based trainings and advanced circulation of annual training calendars among extension personnel by the training organizations are the suggested strategies for the capacity building of extension personnel of Kerala in using ICTs.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129162793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/325-329
P. Prasanna, B. P. Mohapatra
The present study attempts to compare the participation and time utility pattern of farmer and farm women in community works. The investigation was conducted in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. Total 120 respondents selected from 10 randomly selected villages, out of 120 respondents 60 respondents were farmers, 60 respondents were farmwomen. Farmer and farm women were interviewed separately with pre structured interview schedule. Majority of farm women were middle aged, illiterates, landless labour, working as agriculture labour, falling under medium income level. Most of farmers were actively participated social rituals (93.3) and allotted more time to organizing village welfare activities (1.66) social awareness programmes and field trips and exhibitions. Farm women actively participated to SHG meetings (1.5). Farm women allotted very less time to field trips and exhibitions (0.3). The study has recommended need to empower and educate the farm women to participate in community management programmes by imparting knowledge.
{"title":"A comparative gender study on participation and time utilization in community works in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"P. Prasanna, B. P. Mohapatra","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/325-329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/325-329","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to compare the participation and time utility pattern of farmer and farm women in community works. The investigation was conducted in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. Total 120 respondents selected from 10 randomly selected villages, out of 120 respondents 60 respondents were farmers, 60 respondents were farmwomen. Farmer and farm women were interviewed separately with pre structured interview schedule. Majority of farm women were middle aged, illiterates, landless labour, working as agriculture labour, falling under medium income level. Most of farmers were actively participated social rituals (93.3) and allotted more time to organizing village welfare activities (1.66) social awareness programmes and field trips and exhibitions. Farm women actively participated to SHG meetings (1.5). Farm women allotted very less time to field trips and exhibitions (0.3). The study has recommended need to empower and educate the farm women to participate in community management programmes by imparting knowledge.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121183858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/386-390
S. Sreepriya, T. Girija
Identification of constraints and providing timely suggestions are important for sesame farmers in Kerala as the state has been witnessing a declining trend of the crop production. The study is concerned with the constraints faced by sesame growing farmers in Kerala. A field survey was conducted in three districts of Kerala viz., Alappuzha Kollam and Thrissur. Respondents included 30 farmers from each district. Garrett Ranking technique was used to rank the constraints faced in sesame production. As per the survey, high labour cost, excessive rain, drought, weed infestation, labour unavailability, pest and diseases, marketing problem, transportation, drying and threshing problem and storage problem were the constraints identified in the decreasing order of rank. Suggestions and methods to overcome the constraints were also provided.
{"title":"An assessment of constraints faced by sesame growing farmers in Kerala","authors":"S. Sreepriya, T. Girija","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/386-390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/386-390","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of constraints and providing timely suggestions are important for sesame farmers in Kerala as the state has been witnessing a declining trend of the crop production. The study is concerned with the constraints faced by sesame growing farmers in Kerala. A field survey was conducted in three districts of Kerala viz., Alappuzha Kollam and Thrissur. Respondents included 30 farmers from each district. Garrett Ranking technique was used to rank the constraints faced in sesame production. As per the survey, high labour cost, excessive rain, drought, weed infestation, labour unavailability, pest and diseases, marketing problem, transportation, drying and threshing problem and storage problem were the constraints identified in the decreasing order of rank. Suggestions and methods to overcome the constraints were also provided.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114829240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/282-288
Dhruba Jyoti Mudoi, Sayanika Borah, M. Das
A self-help group (SHG) is a voluntarily association of people with common goal. The concept of “self-help groups appears to be a good substitute strategy to involve people in the improvement process. Empowerment of women through self-help groups has benefited not only the individual women but also her family and community as a whole. The study was carried out in the Jorhat district of Assam. Four blocks were selected from national rural livelihood mission (NRLM) initiative blocks. Thus, all total 16 self-help groups were selected from these blocks for the present study. Ten members from 16 SHG’s, total 160 members were selected using simple random sampling for the study. Majority of 54.4 per cent of the members belonged to young aged category i.e. 27 – 39 years. A large majority ( 95.00 % ) of the respondents were married and 37.50 per cent of the respondents had education upto high school level. A majority of the respondents (56.30 %) belonged to the OBC category, 68.10 per cent belonged to nuclear family and 62.50 per cent belonged to small family size. Majority of the respondents ( 48.8 % ) were marginal i.e. having 3 – 7.5 bigha of land holdings. Majority of the respondent’s family occupation (41.70 %) was cultivation and 56.30 per cent had medium income level and 91.00 per cent were member of one organization. Majority of the respondents (91.25 %) possessed television and 40.00 per cent attended training programme during the year 2017, 91.87 per cent source of information were extension officers, 88.75 per cent had contact with community resource person. A high percentage ( 62.50 %) of members of self-help group were completely dependent on bank namely Gramin Vikash Bank for their entrepreneurship development.
{"title":"Background profile of S.H.G. members of Jorhat district of Assam","authors":"Dhruba Jyoti Mudoi, Sayanika Borah, M. Das","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/282-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/282-288","url":null,"abstract":"A self-help group (SHG) is a voluntarily association of people with common goal. The concept of “self-help groups appears to be a good substitute strategy to involve people in the improvement process. Empowerment of women through self-help groups has benefited not only the individual women but also her family and community as a whole. The study was carried out in the Jorhat district of Assam. Four blocks were selected from national rural livelihood mission (NRLM) initiative blocks. Thus, all total 16 self-help groups were selected from these blocks for the present study. Ten members from 16 SHG’s, total 160 members were selected using simple random sampling for the study. Majority of 54.4 per cent of the members belonged to young aged category i.e. 27 – 39 years. A large majority ( 95.00 % ) of the respondents were married and 37.50 per cent of the respondents had education upto high school level. A majority of the respondents (56.30 %) belonged to the OBC category, 68.10 per cent belonged to nuclear family and 62.50 per cent belonged to small family size. Majority of the respondents ( 48.8 % ) were marginal i.e. having 3 – 7.5 bigha of land holdings. Majority of the respondent’s family occupation (41.70 %) was cultivation and 56.30 per cent had medium income level and 91.00 per cent were member of one organization. Majority of the respondents (91.25 %) possessed television and 40.00 per cent attended training programme during the year 2017, 91.87 per cent source of information were extension officers, 88.75 per cent had contact with community resource person. A high percentage ( 62.50 %) of members of self-help group were completely dependent on bank namely Gramin Vikash Bank for their entrepreneurship development.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"609 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121980354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/435-437
Reshma J. Murugan, B. N. Bindhya, G. Sreedaya
Agriculture is slowly becoming digital. The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) both in terms of agricultural products and in-field farming techniques are increasing. Artificial Intelligence in agriculture is emerging in three major areas, namely agricultural robotics, soil and crop monitoring and predictive analytics. The use of sensors and soil sampling techniques are increasing day by day which helps in gathering of data. In turn, this data is stored in farm management system which is better processed and analysed. Thus, the data available along with other related data paves a way to successfully deploy AI in agriculture. AI in agriculture is emergingin cognitive computing and it has all the scope to become the most disruptive technology in agriculture services as it is able to understand, learn and respond to different situations (based on learning) to increase efficiency. The areas where the use of cognitive solutions can benefit agriculture are growth driven by IOT, image-based insight generation, identification of optimal mix for agronomic products, health monitoring of crops and automation techniques in irrigation and enabling farmers. In addition, the drone based solutions have significant impact in terms of productivity gains, coping with adverse weather conditions, yield management and precision farming.The emergence of new age technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Machine Learning, Satellite Imagery and advanced analytics are creating an ecosystem for smart farming. Fusion of all this technology is enabling farmers achieve higher average yield and better price control.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence - The promise for an agricultural revolution in new era","authors":"Reshma J. Murugan, B. N. Bindhya, G. Sreedaya","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/435-437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/435-437","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is slowly becoming digital. The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) both in terms of agricultural products and in-field farming techniques are increasing. Artificial Intelligence in agriculture is emerging in three major areas, namely agricultural robotics, soil and crop monitoring and predictive analytics. The use of sensors and soil sampling techniques are increasing day by day which helps in gathering of data. In turn, this data is stored in farm management system which is better processed and analysed. Thus, the data available along with other related data paves a way to successfully deploy AI in agriculture. AI in agriculture is emergingin cognitive computing and it has all the scope to become the most disruptive technology in agriculture services as it is able to understand, learn and respond to different situations (based on learning) to increase efficiency. The areas where the use of cognitive solutions can benefit agriculture are growth driven by IOT, image-based insight generation, identification of optimal mix for agronomic products, health monitoring of crops and automation techniques in irrigation and enabling farmers. In addition, the drone based solutions have significant impact in terms of productivity gains, coping with adverse weather conditions, yield management and precision farming.The emergence of new age technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Machine Learning, Satellite Imagery and advanced analytics are creating an ecosystem for smart farming. Fusion of all this technology is enabling farmers achieve higher average yield and better price control.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134085147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/351-358
K. A. Mrudhula, Y. Suneetha
A field experiments was conducted during 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of green manures and phosphorus levels in blackgram crop at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment was conducted in split- split plot design on sandy clay loam soil with three main treatments three subtreatments to Kharif rice and three sub-sub treatments to Rabi crop. The treatments consisted of Dhaincha green manure crop, sunnhemp green manure crop and without green manure as main plot treatments and three phosphorus levels to rice crop comprising of 45 kg P2O5 ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 as sub- plot treatments and are replicated thrice. The Rabi experiment was laid out on the same site in a split-split plot design without disturbing the soil for succeeding blackgram crop and each of the Kharif plot was divided into three sub-sub plots to receive three levels of phosphorus (No P, 50% RDP and 100% RDP) to each plot. Yield and economics of blackgram which received Dhaincha green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to Kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to Rabi blackgram was recorded significantly higher and it was on a par with sunnhemp green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to Kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to Rabi blackgram.
2015 - 2016年，在巴帕特拉农业学院农场进行了绿肥和磷水平对黑豆作物的影响的田间试验。试验在砂质粘土壤土上进行了3个主处理、3个亚处理和3个亚处理。以大荫茶绿肥作物、桑麻绿肥作物和不绿肥作物为主小区处理，以45 kg P2O5 ha-1、60 kg P2O5 ha-1和75 kg P2O5 ha-1 3个磷水平作为分小区处理，重复3次。Rabi试验在同一地点进行，在不干扰黑格作物后续土壤的情况下，采用分割地块设计，每个Kharif地块分为三个子地块，每个地块施用三种水平的磷(不施用磷肥，50% RDP和100% RDP)。达因查绿肥配75 kg P2O5 hm -1施用于哈里夫水稻、100% RDP施用于拉比黑豆的产量和经济性显著提高，与sunnhemp绿肥配75 kg P2O5 hm -1施用于哈里夫水稻、100% RDP施用于拉比黑豆的产量和经济性相当。
{"title":"Yield and economics of blackgram crop effected by green manures and phosphorus levels in riceblackgram cropping sequence","authors":"K. A. Mrudhula, Y. Suneetha","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/351-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/351-358","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiments was conducted during 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of green manures and phosphorus levels in blackgram crop at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment was conducted in split- split plot design on sandy clay loam soil with three main treatments three subtreatments to Kharif rice and three sub-sub treatments to Rabi crop. The treatments consisted of Dhaincha green manure crop, sunnhemp green manure crop and without green manure as main plot treatments and three phosphorus levels to rice crop comprising of 45 kg P2O5 ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 as sub- plot treatments and are replicated thrice. The Rabi experiment was laid out on the same site in a split-split plot design without disturbing the soil for succeeding blackgram crop and each of the Kharif plot was divided into three sub-sub plots to receive three levels of phosphorus (No P, 50% RDP and 100% RDP) to each plot. Yield and economics of blackgram which received Dhaincha green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to Kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to Rabi blackgram was recorded significantly higher and it was on a par with sunnhemp green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to Kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to Rabi blackgram.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"24 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132584207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/363-367
P. Srilatha, C. Vani
In Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, majority of the farmers were cultivating rice in a traditional method i.e., transplanting of rice under tanks and canals as source of irrigation. Due to late receipt of the water in the canal tail end regions, sowing of the second crop is becoming late which leads to yield loss. In future, water and labour availability may worsen which may lead to increased competition for these aspects. Therefore, Krishi VIgyan Kendra, Ghantasala endeavored to create awareness on direct sown paddy with seed drill and has been promoting this method since 5-6 years. Andhra Pradesh State was selected purposively for this study and the survey was conducted in Krishna district. 120 rice growers were considered for the present study. The data was collected from the farmers through personal interview with the help of pre-tested scheules and questionnaire. The results showed that 51.66 per cent of the respondents belonged to high adoption category, followed by 29.16 per cent belonged to medium adoption and 19.16 per cent of the respondent belonged to low adoption categories which means partial adoption of direct sown paddy with seed drill respectively. As per recommendations of the Scientists of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ghantasala, more than half of the respondents had high level of adoption. It can be concluded that direct sown paddy is getting more popular in Krishna district and farmers are more motivated towards adoption of the technology. More than half of the farmers are adopting the recommended package of practices. So, farmers should be motivated to adopt 100 per cent technology which created a positive impact on farming community.
{"title":"Direct sown paddy with seed drill - Adoption status of Krishna district farmers in Andhra Pradesh","authors":"P. Srilatha, C. Vani","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/363-367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/363-367","url":null,"abstract":"In Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, majority of the farmers were cultivating rice in a traditional method i.e., transplanting of rice under tanks and canals as source of irrigation. Due to late receipt of the water in the canal tail end regions, sowing of the second crop is becoming late which leads to yield loss. In future, water and labour availability may worsen which may lead to increased competition for these aspects. Therefore, Krishi VIgyan Kendra, Ghantasala endeavored to create awareness on direct sown paddy with seed drill and has been promoting this method since 5-6 years. Andhra Pradesh State was selected purposively for this study and the survey was conducted in Krishna district. 120 rice growers were considered for the present study. The data was collected from the farmers through personal interview with the help of pre-tested scheules and questionnaire. The results showed that 51.66 per cent of the respondents belonged to high adoption category, followed by 29.16 per cent belonged to medium adoption and 19.16 per cent of the respondent belonged to low adoption categories which means partial adoption of direct sown paddy with seed drill respectively. As per recommendations of the Scientists of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ghantasala, more than half of the respondents had high level of adoption. It can be concluded that direct sown paddy is getting more popular in Krishna district and farmers are more motivated towards adoption of the technology. More than half of the farmers are adopting the recommended package of practices. So, farmers should be motivated to adopt 100 per cent technology which created a positive impact on farming community.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127811607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.15740/has/au/15.4/368-373
J. M. Khichadiya, J. J. Makadia
This study was undertaken to determine economic analysis of production of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat during the year 2019-20.The study indicated that Bt cotton was a labour-intensive crop as farmer incurred highest share of 27.85 per cent and 10.95 per cent of cost of cultivation on hired labour charges and family labour charges, respectively. Overall, per hectare Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were found to be Rs. 54840, Rs. 55847, Rs. 63487, Rs. 63808 and Rs. 71448, respectively. The average annual yield of Bt cotton was 21.15 quintal per ha. Per quintal average cost of production over Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2,Cost C1 and Cost C2 were in the tune of Rs. 2592.90, Rs. 2640.52, Rs. 3001.74, Rs. 3016.92 and Rs. 3378.16, respectively. On over all basis, per hectare farm business income, family labour income and net income were Rs. 55410.66, Rs. 46763.66 and Rs. 38802.66, respectively. The returns per rupee on investment on Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were Rs. 2.01, Rs. 1.97, Rs.1.73, Rss 1.72 and Rs. 1.54 per hectare of Bt cotton cultivation, respectively.
{"title":"Cost structure of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat","authors":"J. M. Khichadiya, J. J. Makadia","doi":"10.15740/has/au/15.4/368-373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/368-373","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to determine economic analysis of production of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat during the year 2019-20.The study indicated that Bt cotton was a labour-intensive crop as farmer incurred highest share of 27.85 per cent and 10.95 per cent of cost of cultivation on hired labour charges and family labour charges, respectively. Overall, per hectare Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were found to be Rs. 54840, Rs. 55847, Rs. 63487, Rs. 63808 and Rs. 71448, respectively. The average annual yield of Bt cotton was 21.15 quintal per ha. Per quintal average cost of production over Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2,Cost C1 and Cost C2 were in the tune of Rs. 2592.90, Rs. 2640.52, Rs. 3001.74, Rs. 3016.92 and Rs. 3378.16, respectively. On over all basis, per hectare farm business income, family labour income and net income were Rs. 55410.66, Rs. 46763.66 and Rs. 38802.66, respectively. The returns per rupee on investment on Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were Rs. 2.01, Rs. 1.97, Rs.1.73, Rss 1.72 and Rs. 1.54 per hectare of Bt cotton cultivation, respectively.","PeriodicalId":276302,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture Update","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115601664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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