Wildfires are a serious problem that affects wildlife all over the world which is human beings together with nature, both play a fundamental role in the cause of wildfires. Wildfires may start quite inconspicuously, but can rapidly accelerate to become fierce and uncontrollable, at which point they also pose serious health problems to humankind. To clarify this problem descriptive method was applied which described the basic issue and explained all outcomes accurately and clearly. So, the review illustrates that from an anthropological perspective, greater numbers of people are now living closer to forests (and rural areas in general), which although seemingly satisfactory and beneficial to them, has also led to an increase in the destruction of forests, due to intentionally, and unintentionally generated fires. In addition to the human impact, climate change and other natural phenomena are also destroying the forests. This review indicates the connection between wildfires and climate change, it also studies the effects of wildfires on health and air quality, in addition, the paper highlights the particularly challenging situation in India, which, due to its substantial share of global forestland, is proportionately more impacted by these fires. Besides, the review mentioned the analytical method to predict fire propagation.
{"title":"Wild Fires and Climate Change: Health, Air Quality, Wild Fires and Causes in India","authors":"Yara EzAl Deen Sultan, Kanni Raj Arumugam Pillai","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.789","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires are a serious problem that affects wildlife all over the world which is human beings together with nature, both play a fundamental role in the cause of wildfires. Wildfires may start quite inconspicuously, but can rapidly accelerate to become fierce and uncontrollable, at which point they also pose serious health problems to humankind. To clarify this problem descriptive method was applied which described the basic issue and explained all outcomes accurately and clearly. So, the review illustrates that from an anthropological perspective, greater numbers of people are now living closer to forests (and rural areas in general), which although seemingly satisfactory and beneficial to them, has also led to an increase in the destruction of forests, due to intentionally, and unintentionally generated fires. In addition to the human impact, climate change and other natural phenomena are also destroying the forests. This review indicates the connection between wildfires and climate change, it also studies the effects of wildfires on health and air quality, in addition, the paper highlights the particularly challenging situation in India, which, due to its substantial share of global forestland, is proportionately more impacted by these fires. Besides, the review mentioned the analytical method to predict fire propagation.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132048143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-timber forest products are very important in providing basic needs, cash deposits, and home consumption to forest-adjacent communities. Several socio-economic factors influence household dependence on non-timber forest products. This study focused on analyzing the socio-economic factors determining a household’s dependency on non-timber forest products from the Chilimo forest in Dandi, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. The main NTFPs extracted by local communities in the study area included honey, fodder, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, and charcoal. Thus products are used for home both consumption and commercial purposes. Availability of the non-timber forest product also influenced its extraction from the forest (χ2 (2,432) = 4.973, p<0.084). A majority of households (87%) who got NTFPs explained that this resource availability had decreased when compared to ten years ago, thus diminishing their chances of getting NTFPs possibly due to the degradation of the forest. Based on the results from logistic regression factors like age, the career of a household head, and distance to the market had a significant positive correlation on household NTFPs exploitation dependency. Household that lives near the forest has more advantages to extracting NTFPs from the forest than those who live further away. Also, land size, formal education, and household need for fuel wood were positively correlated with the local household, dependency on NTFPs from the Chilimo forest.
{"title":"Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Household on Non-Timber Forest Product Dependency from Chilimo Forest, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Gelan","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.722","url":null,"abstract":"Non-timber forest products are very important in providing basic needs, cash deposits, and home consumption to forest-adjacent communities. Several socio-economic factors influence household dependence on non-timber forest products. This study focused on analyzing the socio-economic factors determining a household’s dependency on non-timber forest products from the Chilimo forest in Dandi, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. The main NTFPs extracted by local communities in the study area included honey, fodder, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, and charcoal. Thus products are used for home both consumption and commercial purposes. Availability of the non-timber forest product also influenced its extraction from the forest (χ2 (2,432) = 4.973, p<0.084). A majority of households (87%) who got NTFPs explained that this resource availability had decreased when compared to ten years ago, thus diminishing their chances of getting NTFPs possibly due to the degradation of the forest. Based on the results from logistic regression factors like age, the career of a household head, and distance to the market had a significant positive correlation on household NTFPs exploitation dependency. Household that lives near the forest has more advantages to extracting NTFPs from the forest than those who live further away. Also, land size, formal education, and household need for fuel wood were positively correlated with the local household, dependency on NTFPs from the Chilimo forest.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132060111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hydrological regime of a river is a driving force of its ecosystem. The operation of dams and locks has significant impacts on the hydrological situation of rivers. The objective of this study was to study the change and variability of precipitation and hydrological data in the Senegal River basin and to assess the change in the discharge regime of the Senegal River caused by the operation of the Manantali hydroelectric dam. Based on the IHA (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration), a range of variability of thirty-three hydrological parameters was calculated and the hydrological alteration associated with the functioning of the dam was quantified. Using the RVA (Range of Variability Approach) method, the hydrological alteration at the Bakel site was evaluated and showed the influence of the dam on the hydrological state. The results showed a strong influence of the dam on the hydrological regime. The fluvial eco-hydrological objectives calculated in this study can constitute certain support for the management of water resources and ecosystems of the Senegal River basin.
河流的水文状况是河流生态系统的驱动力。大坝和水闸的运行对河流水文状况有重要影响。本研究的目的是研究塞内加尔河流域降水和水文数据的变化和变率，并评估马南塔利水电站大坝运行造成的塞内加尔河流量状况的变化。基于水文变化指标(IHA)，计算了33个水文参数的变异性范围，量化了与大坝功能相关的水文变化。利用RVA (Range of Variability Approach)方法对巴克尔坝址的水文变化进行了评价，揭示了大坝对水文状态的影响。结果表明，大坝对水文状况的影响很大。本研究计算的河流生态水文目标可以为塞内加尔河流域水资源和生态系统的管理提供一定的支持。
{"title":"Rainfall and Discharge Variability in the Senegal River Basin Based on the IHA/RVA","authors":"C. Faye","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.711","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrological regime of a river is a driving force of its ecosystem. The operation of dams and locks has significant impacts on the hydrological situation of rivers. The objective of this study was to study the change and variability of precipitation and hydrological data in the Senegal River basin and to assess the change in the discharge regime of the Senegal River caused by the operation of the Manantali hydroelectric dam. Based on the IHA (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration), a range of variability of thirty-three hydrological parameters was calculated and the hydrological alteration associated with the functioning of the dam was quantified. Using the RVA (Range of Variability Approach) method, the hydrological alteration at the Bakel site was evaluated and showed the influence of the dam on the hydrological state. The results showed a strong influence of the dam on the hydrological regime. The fluvial eco-hydrological objectives calculated in this study can constitute certain support for the management of water resources and ecosystems of the Senegal River basin.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Ethiopia rural households growing Eucalypts at farm level in the form of woodlot become popular and Eucalyptus woodlot products play a significant role in household economy in particular and economic development of the nation in general. This study was conducted in Cheha districts in the Guraghe zone to assess the farmers’ management practices and analyze the socioeconomic contribution of Eucalypts woodlot to the livelihood of the rural households in the area. Economic data was collected by employing a formal survey using a structured questionnaire. Woodlot inventory was conducted on farmers’ eucalyptus woodlots to identify the existing trees' frequency distribution by diameter classes that indicated economic value. The latest version of Stata, version 13, SAS version 9.1, sigma plot version 12, and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed that most of the sampled farmers in the study area had Eucalypts woodlot, targeting either to earn more income or to increase the productivity of the land which has denied growing cereal crops and pastures. Most of the farmers considered Eucalypts as one of the major sources of income and risk aversion. Excluding household consumption, the aggregate cash income contribution of Eucalypts woodlot products to rural households was more than 34% for midland and 37% for highland agro-ecologies. Further studies are needed on the management aspect of Eucalypts woodlots for the productivity of allocated land.
{"title":"Management Practices and Economic Contribution of Eucalypts Woodlots to the Rural Household Livelihoods: The Case of Cheha District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Kebede Gizachew Gebremedhin, Efrem Garedew Negash","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.709","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia rural households growing Eucalypts at farm level in the form of woodlot become popular and Eucalyptus woodlot products play a significant role in household economy in particular and economic development of the nation in general. This study was conducted in Cheha districts in the Guraghe zone to assess the farmers’ management practices and analyze the socioeconomic contribution of Eucalypts woodlot to the livelihood of the rural households in the area. Economic data was collected by employing a formal survey using a structured questionnaire. Woodlot inventory was conducted on farmers’ eucalyptus woodlots to identify the existing trees' frequency distribution by diameter classes that indicated economic value. The latest version of Stata, version 13, SAS version 9.1, sigma plot version 12, and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed that most of the sampled farmers in the study area had Eucalypts woodlot, targeting either to earn more income or to increase the productivity of the land which has denied growing cereal crops and pastures. Most of the farmers considered Eucalypts as one of the major sources of income and risk aversion. Excluding household consumption, the aggregate cash income contribution of Eucalypts woodlot products to rural households was more than 34% for midland and 37% for highland agro-ecologies. Further studies are needed on the management aspect of Eucalypts woodlots for the productivity of allocated land.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134125535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The consumption of heavy metals through the ingestion of food is a growing concern in developing countries where monitoring of the environmental content of heavy metals has not been given the desired attention. This research work aims at determining the public health risks and safety of farm products in terms of their residual heavy metal burdens from five subsistence farmlands in the Akinyele area. Analysis of concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, and Zn in soil samples from the study area was conducted using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The pH of the samples was measured in situ using pH meter while soil organic matter was determined using the loss of ignition method. Geochemical indices were used to determine the concentration trend of heavy metals in the soil samples. Correlation analysis was performed to establish the relationship between the metals. The concentrations of all the heavy metals were below the maximum permissible limit stated by WHO/FAO. The soil pH ranged from 7.36 to 8.38 indicating that the study area is slightly alkaline. The soil organic matter content ranged from 1.637% to 2.1% indicating that the soil from the study area are mineral soils. Geochemical indices revealed that all the sampling sites were uncontaminated except Site A, B, and E with moderate contamination of Cd. Correlation studies between the analyzed variables revealed the common origin of all metals. The study area can be recommended for farming purposes. However, more farmlands should be tested to determine their residual heavy metal concentrations.
{"title":"Studies of Contaminant Factors of Heavy Metals Content in Subsistence Farmlands at Akinyele Local Area in Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria Using Geochemical Indices","authors":"A. T. Talabi, R. Odunaike, Oladapo Ajiboye","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.780","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of heavy metals through the ingestion of food is a growing concern in developing countries where monitoring of the environmental content of heavy metals has not been given the desired attention. This research work aims at determining the public health risks and safety of farm products in terms of their residual heavy metal burdens from five subsistence farmlands in the Akinyele area. Analysis of concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, and Zn in soil samples from the study area was conducted using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The pH of the samples was measured in situ using pH meter while soil organic matter was determined using the loss of ignition method. Geochemical indices were used to determine the concentration trend of heavy metals in the soil samples. Correlation analysis was performed to establish the relationship between the metals. The concentrations of all the heavy metals were below the maximum permissible limit stated by WHO/FAO. The soil pH ranged from 7.36 to 8.38 indicating that the study area is slightly alkaline. The soil organic matter content ranged from 1.637% to 2.1% indicating that the soil from the study area are mineral soils. Geochemical indices revealed that all the sampling sites were uncontaminated except Site A, B, and E with moderate contamination of Cd. Correlation studies between the analyzed variables revealed the common origin of all metals. The study area can be recommended for farming purposes. However, more farmlands should be tested to determine their residual heavy metal concentrations.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121569255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a consequence of urbanization and industrialization, the environment is progressively polluted with heavy metals which is a problem of great concern. In plants it can create oxidative stress, ethylene production, chlorosis, Necrosis, stunted growth, inhibits various physiological processes, and decrease biomass. Due to their persistent and non-degradable nature, they enter the food chain leading to biomagnification and causing carcinogenic, mutagenic, and lethal effects on humans and animals. Bioremediation, phytoremediation, biotransformation, non-host inoculation, and other methods are used to treat heavy metals in the environment. Endophytic bacteria have gained attention for their potency to remove or immobilize heavy metals. Bacterial bioremediation is an effective and reliable technique to degrade, detoxify, mineralize, transform, or reduce the concentration of pollutants. This review helps in understanding the endophytic bacterial activity on bioremediation along with its plant growth-promoting properties.
{"title":"Biotransformation of Heavy Metals by Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria: An Assessment","authors":"E. M. Priya, K. S. Tamilselvi","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.741","url":null,"abstract":"As a consequence of urbanization and industrialization, the environment is progressively polluted with heavy metals which is a problem of great concern. In plants it can create oxidative stress, ethylene production, chlorosis, Necrosis, stunted growth, inhibits various physiological processes, and decrease biomass. Due to their persistent and non-degradable nature, they enter the food chain leading to biomagnification and causing carcinogenic, mutagenic, and lethal effects on humans and animals. Bioremediation, phytoremediation, biotransformation, non-host inoculation, and other methods are used to treat heavy metals in the environment. Endophytic bacteria have gained attention for their potency to remove or immobilize heavy metals. Bacterial bioremediation is an effective and reliable technique to degrade, detoxify, mineralize, transform, or reduce the concentration of pollutants. This review helps in understanding the endophytic bacterial activity on bioremediation along with its plant growth-promoting properties.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125548407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientists and policymakers are concerned about the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity and the well-being of farmers around the world. Alterations in the amount of precipitation and temperature have a direct influence on crop yields, although a rise in the prevalence of diseases and pests has a secondary but nevertheless important influence. The degree to which farmers believe climate change poses a threat to their agricultural operations is a decisive factor in determining whether or not they will make adjustments to their practices. This study assesses the impact of climate change on agricultural risks among cotton farmers in rural Zimbabwe. Thirteen (13) cotton farmers and employees of a company that buys and sells cotton were interviewed using a qualitative methodology. The study found that the cotton-growing industry has significantly incurred losses due to both the effects of climate change and the broader economic downturn. Several reasons related to Zimbabwe's economic collapse have contributed to the problem facing the nation's rural cotton farmers.
{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Risks Among Cotton Farmers in the Mutoko District of Zimbabwe","authors":"Mugambiwa S. Shingirai, Leonard Chitongo","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.720","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists and policymakers are concerned about the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity and the well-being of farmers around the world. Alterations in the amount of precipitation and temperature have a direct influence on crop yields, although a rise in the prevalence of diseases and pests has a secondary but nevertheless important influence. The degree to which farmers believe climate change poses a threat to their agricultural operations is a decisive factor in determining whether or not they will make adjustments to their practices. This study assesses the impact of climate change on agricultural risks among cotton farmers in rural Zimbabwe. Thirteen (13) cotton farmers and employees of a company that buys and sells cotton were interviewed using a qualitative methodology. The study found that the cotton-growing industry has significantly incurred losses due to both the effects of climate change and the broader economic downturn. Several reasons related to Zimbabwe's economic collapse have contributed to the problem facing the nation's rural cotton farmers.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131762110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regional and local climate variability has serious consequences on water resources, ecosystems, and socio-economic activities. With the inexistence of rainfall stations, it is important to reconstruct the past climate with existing data and explore new possibilities for monitoring future climate evolution in the tropical city of Beni. The objective of this paper is to date the 1970-1990 drought and determine the rainfall trend in the tropical city of Beni. To this purpose, a 45-year rainfall time series (period 1974-2019) was analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results of the paper indicate that the average annual rainfall ranges from 693 to 3080 mm with an average of 1827 ± 480.65 mm. The Hubert segmentation procedure applied to the rainfall series reveals three breaks (sub-periods): 1974-1979 (mean 1205.7 mm), 1980-2007 (mean 1736.68 mm), and 2008-2019 (mean 2348.01 mm). After the 2000s, the analysis shows an increasing trend in rainfall. A rainfall deficit of 35.20% is recorded during the period 1974-1979 compared to the period 1980-2007 and 22.61% for the period 1980-2007 compared to the period 2008-2019. The results of this study demonstrate that the city of Beni would have suffered from the drought of the years 1970-1990. Future research should focus on the future evolution of rainfall. However, understanding this future evolution requires long-term data, which is not the case for the tropical city of Beni. Therefore, there is a need for policymakers in collaboration with scientific actors to install meteorological stations to collect climate data.
{"title":"Drought from the 1970s to the 1990s and its Influence in the Tropical City of Beni, Eastern DR Congo","authors":"Moïse Musubao Kapiri, Jonathan Ahadi Mahamba, Rodriguez Kakule Amani, Gloire Kayitoghera Mulondi, Walere Muhindo Sahani","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.817","url":null,"abstract":"Regional and local climate variability has serious consequences on water resources, ecosystems, and socio-economic activities. With the inexistence of rainfall stations, it is important to reconstruct the past climate with existing data and explore new possibilities for monitoring future climate evolution in the tropical city of Beni. The objective of this paper is to date the 1970-1990 drought and determine the rainfall trend in the tropical city of Beni. To this purpose, a 45-year rainfall time series (period 1974-2019) was analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results of the paper indicate that the average annual rainfall ranges from 693 to 3080 mm with an average of 1827 ± 480.65 mm. The Hubert segmentation procedure applied to the rainfall series reveals three breaks (sub-periods): 1974-1979 (mean 1205.7 mm), 1980-2007 (mean 1736.68 mm), and 2008-2019 (mean 2348.01 mm). After the 2000s, the analysis shows an increasing trend in rainfall. A rainfall deficit of 35.20% is recorded during the period 1974-1979 compared to the period 1980-2007 and 22.61% for the period 1980-2007 compared to the period 2008-2019. The results of this study demonstrate that the city of Beni would have suffered from the drought of the years 1970-1990. Future research should focus on the future evolution of rainfall. However, understanding this future evolution requires long-term data, which is not the case for the tropical city of Beni. Therefore, there is a need for policymakers in collaboration with scientific actors to install meteorological stations to collect climate data.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124025717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Education has been touted as a major driver toward the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, environmental stewardship takes a peripheral position in the pre-service and in-service training of teachers. As a result, most teachers and school heads that are supposed to champion stewardship activities in schools remain poorly equipped to undertake such activities. More so, a review of the literature finds glaring gaps in research in that most studies have only concentrated on student performance, teacher-student ratio, student discipline, etc. This study, therefore, sought to survey to establish the rationale for incorporating capacity building as a pathway to environmental stewardship in public schools in Kenya. The study sampled 260 public school teachers in the Githunguri Sub-county of Kiambu County in Kenya. Data from the teachers was collected using a structured questionnaire while 15 principals were also interviewed. Secondary data was collected through desktop reviews. The study established that the majority of the teachers had neither received pre-service (88.8%) nor in-service (90.4%) training on issues around environmental stewardship. A correlational analysis also established positive linear associations for capacity building, leadership roles, and stewardship activities (R = 0,803) and (R = 0,874) respectively. As a consequence, this hampered stewardship activities in schools within the study locality. For instance, the study established that most of the schools did not have a proper waste management system (88.1%) or even an environmental policy (75%). This study will inspire policy frameworks for future training of teachers to ensure that Kenya meets her SDG targets.
{"title":"Incorporating Capacity Building as a Pathway to Environmental Stewardship for Public Schools in Kenya","authors":"C. Kariuki, B. Kathambi, J. Inyega","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.739","url":null,"abstract":"Education has been touted as a major driver toward the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, environmental stewardship takes a peripheral position in the pre-service and in-service training of teachers. As a result, most teachers and school heads that are supposed to champion stewardship activities in schools remain poorly equipped to undertake such activities. More so, a review of the literature finds glaring gaps in research in that most studies have only concentrated on student performance, teacher-student ratio, student discipline, etc. This study, therefore, sought to survey to establish the rationale for incorporating capacity building as a pathway to environmental stewardship in public schools in Kenya. The study sampled 260 public school teachers in the Githunguri Sub-county of Kiambu County in Kenya. Data from the teachers was collected using a structured questionnaire while 15 principals were also interviewed. Secondary data was collected through desktop reviews. The study established that the majority of the teachers had neither received pre-service (88.8%) nor in-service (90.4%) training on issues around environmental stewardship. A correlational analysis also established positive linear associations for capacity building, leadership roles, and stewardship activities (R = 0,803) and (R = 0,874) respectively. As a consequence, this hampered stewardship activities in schools within the study locality. For instance, the study established that most of the schools did not have a proper waste management system (88.1%) or even an environmental policy (75%). This study will inspire policy frameworks for future training of teachers to ensure that Kenya meets her SDG targets.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129868981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coal mining is the prime reason behind climate change and has a great impact on global warming as coal produces 39℅ global CO2 emissions. At the same time, coal production is the chief factor of 40% of the world’s electricity including economic development. The purpose of the present study is to the worldwide, national & endemic impact of coal mining on ambient air in respect of global warming. A number of peer-reviewed, research articles, reviews, and reports were collected from 1970 to 2022 employing a keyword-based search. The articles compiled were analyzed globally & indigenously and assorted according to the selected browsers addressed & the methodological approach adopted. Coal mining activities emit toxic gases into the atmosphere and hence decline the ambient air quality. The crucial Greenhouse gases contribute to the overall warming of the earth. Coal continues to be the distinctive and long-term resource of the world energy supply hence its mining-related pollution mitigation and the reclaiming of the environment are necessary. In present circumstances, it is obligatory to implement Clean Coal Technologies i.e. sustainability in energy production & its utility. Abandoned mine wasteland restored and converted into vegetative land may also solve numerous major issues like lessening GHGs, GW, and prevention of degraded wasteland.
{"title":"Impact of Coal Mining on Ambient Air in Respect of Global Warming: A Critical Approach","authors":"N. Saha, Dibyendu Saha","doi":"10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.707","url":null,"abstract":"Coal mining is the prime reason behind climate change and has a great impact on global warming as coal produces 39℅ global CO2 emissions. At the same time, coal production is the chief factor of 40% of the world’s electricity including economic development. The purpose of the present study is to the worldwide, national & endemic impact of coal mining on ambient air in respect of global warming. A number of peer-reviewed, research articles, reviews, and reports were collected from 1970 to 2022 employing a keyword-based search. The articles compiled were analyzed globally & indigenously and assorted according to the selected browsers addressed & the methodological approach adopted. Coal mining activities emit toxic gases into the atmosphere and hence decline the ambient air quality. The crucial Greenhouse gases contribute to the overall warming of the earth. Coal continues to be the distinctive and long-term resource of the world energy supply hence its mining-related pollution mitigation and the reclaiming of the environment are necessary. In present circumstances, it is obligatory to implement Clean Coal Technologies i.e. sustainability in energy production & its utility. Abandoned mine wasteland restored and converted into vegetative land may also solve numerous major issues like lessening GHGs, GW, and prevention of degraded wasteland.","PeriodicalId":277026,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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