Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.003
M. A. R. Alias, Mohd Firdaus Md Dan @ Azlan
Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall is acomposite retaining structure construction made up of alternating layers of compacted backfill and soil reinforcing components. Surcharges on top of MSE wall is one of the factors that can lead to the failure of the MSE wall. In Senai City Airport, a MSE wall with high 9 m and length up to 400 m has been constructed. However, the effect of various surcharges of the MSE wall slope did not well investigate and was poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of surcharge to the stress behaviour and the factor of safety of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (MSE) wall using Finite Element Method (FEM). The study conducted using different loads in order to determine the stress behaviour and the safety factor of MSE wall using PLAXIS software. The geometry and parameters of sandy silt slope of Senai City Airport, Senai, Johor was taken from design consultant and previous soil investigation report, respectively. The soil parameters were used in this study are the unit weight of the soil, cohesion, Poisson Ratio, Young Modulus and the friction angle. This study gave the best result in order to determine the effect of surcharges to the behaviour of stress and safety factor of MSE wall. The highest total displacement was at 100 kN with total displacement 19.23m with 0.884 factor of safety. This study revealed the effect of various surcharges on the behaviour of stress and factor of safety of the MSE wall. The increase of surcharge increased the stress behind the wall and increased the factor of safety (FOS) when the loads was increased.
{"title":"Effect of Surcharges to The Stability of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Using Finite Element Method: Back Analysis Study Case in Senai City Airport","authors":"M. A. R. Alias, Mohd Firdaus Md Dan @ Azlan","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall is acomposite retaining structure construction made up of alternating layers of compacted backfill and soil reinforcing components. Surcharges on top of MSE wall is one of the factors that can lead to the failure of the MSE wall. In Senai City Airport, a MSE wall with high 9 m and length up to 400 m has been constructed. However, the effect of various surcharges of the MSE wall slope did not well investigate and was poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of surcharge to the stress behaviour and the factor of safety of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (MSE) wall using Finite Element Method (FEM). The study conducted using different loads in order to determine the stress behaviour and the safety factor of MSE wall using PLAXIS software. The geometry and parameters of sandy silt slope of Senai City Airport, Senai, Johor was taken from design consultant and previous soil investigation report, respectively. The soil parameters were used in this study are the unit weight of the soil, cohesion, Poisson Ratio, Young Modulus and the friction angle. This study gave the best result in order to determine the effect of surcharges to the behaviour of stress and safety factor of MSE wall. The highest total displacement was at 100 kN with total displacement 19.23m with 0.884 factor of safety. This study revealed the effect of various surcharges on the behaviour of stress and factor of safety of the MSE wall. The increase of surcharge increased the stress behind the wall and increased the factor of safety (FOS) when the loads was increased.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133030816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.008
Farzad Fahool, P. Moarefvand
Accurate determination of rock stress in great depths has become one of the most critical issues in civil and mining affairs along with the expansion of underground excavation spaces’ scale and deepening of under-excavation areas. The hydraulic fracturing method and coring-based laboratory methods including ASR, DSCA, and AE are main techniques in rock stress measurement in the earth’s depth. Thus far, previous studies have reported repeated samples from the values obtained from the above mentioned techniques. Nonetheless, the “Compact Conical Borehole Overcoring” (CCBO) technique is an example of the stress-relief method and this technique, is one of the most cost-effective and accurate methods for measuring the in-situ stresses simply by digging one borehole either in the tunnels’ wall or in the deep wells’ depth. The current study aims at analyzing the overcoring technique with the CCBO probe to identify errors regarding the number of sensors installed, as well as checking its ability to estimate mechanical parameters of mass rock in-situ. In this study, we have utilized the analytical method based on numerical simulations to determine the accuracy of the method’s dependence on the number of sensors installed on the probe. We performed numerical analysis using COMSOL finite element software, as well as MATLAB software. In addition, we attempted to propose possible relations for estimating mechanical parameters of mass rock using the probe, a method determined by the inventors.
{"title":"A Numerical Investigation for In-S itu Measurement of Rock Mass Mechanical Properties with a CCBO Probe and Evaluation of the Method’s Error in Estimating the In-S itu Stresses with the Overcoring Technique","authors":"Farzad Fahool, P. Moarefvand","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate determination of rock stress in great depths has become one of the most critical issues in civil and mining affairs along with the expansion of underground excavation spaces’ scale and deepening of under-excavation areas. The hydraulic fracturing method and coring-based laboratory methods including ASR, DSCA, and AE are main techniques in rock stress measurement in the earth’s depth. Thus far, previous studies have reported repeated samples from the values obtained from the above mentioned techniques. Nonetheless, the “Compact Conical Borehole Overcoring” (CCBO) technique is an example of the stress-relief method and this technique, is one of the most cost-effective and accurate methods for measuring the in-situ stresses simply by digging one borehole either in the tunnels’ wall or in the deep wells’ depth. The current study aims at analyzing the overcoring technique with the CCBO probe to identify errors regarding the number of sensors installed, as well as checking its ability to estimate mechanical parameters of mass rock in-situ. In this study, we have utilized the analytical method based on numerical simulations to determine the accuracy of the method’s dependence on the number of sensors installed on the probe. We performed numerical analysis using COMSOL finite element software, as well as MATLAB software. In addition, we attempted to propose possible relations for estimating mechanical parameters of mass rock using the probe, a method determined by the inventors.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134484495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.004
Ahmad Khairul Abd Malik, Amirul Haziq Hazam Rizal, A. Madun
Electrical resistivity tomography is a non-destructive method of site investigation that involvesinjecting electricity into the sample and measuring subsurface resistance. This study looked at the effects of compaction on resistivity values as well as the relationship between different degrees of compaction. The material used in this experiment was laterite soil. The sample was tested into a standard proctor mould. The model has 10.20cm diameter and 11.6 cm for height of the mould. Each sample's resistivity was measured entirely compacted.The resistivity testing in this study were conducted using the Miller 400A. ASTM D 422 Standards were used, and for electrical resistivity testing, ASTM G57 is used. This research emphasises the impact of moisture content on resistivity value, as soil reduces resistivity value when the soil has higher moisture content which is 120 Ωm at 37%, and 190 Ωm at 25%. By comparing the results of different moisture content of soil samples under varied degrees of compaction, better resistivity interpretation tables may be generated.
电阻率层析成像是一种非破坏性的现场调查方法，包括向样品中注入电并测量地下电阻。本研究考察了压实对电阻率值的影响以及不同压实程度之间的关系。本实验所用材料为红土。样品在标准普罗克特模具中进行了测试。模型直径10.20厘米，模具高度11.6厘米。每个样品的电阻率测量完全压实。本研究的电阻率测试采用Miller 400A进行。采用ASTM D 422标准，电阻率测试采用ASTM G57标准。本研究强调含水率对电阻率值的影响，土壤含水率较高时电阻率值降低，含水率为120 Ωm(37%)，含水率为190 Ωm(25%)。通过比较不同压实程度下土样不同含水率的结果，可以得到更好的电阻率解释表。
{"title":"The Effect of Compaction Towards Resistivity Value","authors":"Ahmad Khairul Abd Malik, Amirul Haziq Hazam Rizal, A. Madun","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical resistivity tomography is a non-destructive method of site investigation that involvesinjecting electricity into the sample and measuring subsurface resistance. This study looked at the effects of compaction on resistivity values as well as the relationship between different degrees of compaction. The material used in this experiment was laterite soil. The sample was tested into a standard proctor mould. The model has 10.20cm diameter and 11.6 cm for height of the mould. Each sample's resistivity was measured entirely compacted.The resistivity testing in this study were conducted using the Miller 400A. ASTM D 422 Standards were used, and for electrical resistivity testing, ASTM G57 is used. This research emphasises the impact of moisture content on resistivity value, as soil reduces resistivity value when the soil has higher moisture content which is 120 Ωm at 37%, and 190 Ωm at 25%. By comparing the results of different moisture content of soil samples under varied degrees of compaction, better resistivity interpretation tables may be generated.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128493750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.005
Noranis Fazila Mohd Osman, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, F. Pakir
The purpose of this study was to focus on how the groundnut shell ash affect the soil stabilization.Groundnut shell ash was used in this study to replace the excessive reliance on industrially created soil enhancing chemicals (cement, lime, and so on) has kept the cost of stabilizing a road high. It was determined that groundnut shell ash may be used and effective as a soil stabilizing component after studying the stabilization of black cotton soil using groundnut shell ash. Therefore, a laboratory study was led to assess the impacts of groundnut Shell Ash on the unconfined compression strength (UCS) and california Bearing Ratio (CBR) of laterite soil. Results show that the addition of groundnut shell can increased the UCS and CBR of the soil samples. It can be concluded that the groundnut shell ash can utili se as gorund improvement option.
{"title":"The Effect of Groundnut Shell Ash on Soil Stabilization","authors":"Noranis Fazila Mohd Osman, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, F. Pakir","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to focus on how the groundnut shell ash affect the soil stabilization.Groundnut shell ash was used in this study to replace the excessive reliance on industrially created soil enhancing chemicals (cement, lime, and so on) has kept the cost of stabilizing a road high. It was determined that groundnut shell ash may be used and effective as a soil stabilizing component after studying the stabilization of black cotton soil using groundnut shell ash. Therefore, a laboratory study was led to assess the impacts of groundnut Shell Ash on the unconfined compression strength (UCS) and california Bearing Ratio (CBR) of laterite soil. Results show that the addition of groundnut shell can increased the UCS and CBR of the soil samples. It can be concluded that the groundnut shell ash can utili se as gorund improvement option.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127678119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.006
Nurul Ainul Hamizah Khalid, Alvin John Lim Meng Siang
This work aimed to study the most effective chemical additives to increase the strength of the clay soil. The problem statement is to improve the soil strength to avoid failure in the ground. The chemical additives that be used are lime, cement, and fly ash. These chemical additives were commonly used to stabilize the soil and make the shear strength of the soil increase. The data taken was from the previous research, where the data was compared to get the most effective chemical additives to improve the soil stability and soil strength. The percentage of the chemical additive used in the soil mixture was 8% to 10%. The data from previous research was chosen based on the rate used of the chemical additive and the research was taken from Science Directed website only. Data were collected through 30 previous studies using clay and chemical additives such as cement, lime, and fly ash. The data for Plastic Limit, Liquid Limit, Plasticity Index, Optimum Moisture Content, Maximum Dry Density, and Unconfined Compressive Strength was taken by referring to the previous study. Then the data was listed in Microsoft Excel to generate the graph for comparison. All the data obtained are then compared to get which chemicals can increase the strength of the soil. The result of this study shows that the cement was the most effective chemical additive to improve the soil strength and to stabilize the soil than the lime and fly ash.
{"title":"Review on Soil Improvement by Using Various Chemical Additives for Foundation","authors":"Nurul Ainul Hamizah Khalid, Alvin John Lim Meng Siang","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to study the most effective chemical additives to increase the strength of the clay soil. The problem statement is to improve the soil strength to avoid failure in the ground. The chemical additives that be used are lime, cement, and fly ash. These chemical additives were commonly used to stabilize the soil and make the shear strength of the soil increase. The data taken was from the previous research, where the data was compared to get the most effective chemical additives to improve the soil stability and soil strength. The percentage of the chemical additive used in the soil mixture was 8% to 10%. The data from previous research was chosen based on the rate used of the chemical additive and the research was taken from Science Directed website only. Data were collected through 30 previous studies using clay and chemical additives such as cement, lime, and fly ash. The data for Plastic Limit, Liquid Limit, Plasticity Index, Optimum Moisture Content, Maximum Dry Density, and Unconfined Compressive Strength was taken by referring to the previous study. Then the data was listed in Microsoft Excel to generate the graph for comparison. All the data obtained are then compared to get which chemicals can increase the strength of the soil. The result of this study shows that the cement was the most effective chemical additive to improve the soil strength and to stabilize the soil than the lime and fly ash.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131139104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.002
Syazwan Aiman Sufiyanussuari, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, M. F. Yusof, N. Yusoff
Forensic investigations in engineering term may be conducted to identify the causes of failure to facilitate the design of proper repairs, or to improve the performance or lifespan of a component, assembly, or structure. This paper presents the combination of geotechnical investigation and geophysical survey method as a forensic tool to predict the causes of pavement failure occurred along the coastal area of federal road FT005. The number and type of field testing are varying on each selected study area at Rengit and Semerah, Batu Pahat as this location constructed on soft soil area. Non-destructive testing (NDT) method using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were chosen to be applied at the worst severity of the road failure. Three number of resistivity lines of 100m and 200m were laid out using ABEM Terrameter LS2 with gradient method of electrode arrays covering up to 40-meters depth. Then, further testing of destructive testing (DT) method using borehole drilling conducted near the ERT lines to obtain soil profile with SPT N-value measurement. The disturbed and undisturbed samples were obtained to carried out laboratory test for soil classification. After that, inspection of road pavement layers were implemented at five number of trial pit tests which excavated up to subgrade layer to determine the thickness of the materials used in road construction. Three number of mackintosh probe test were also conducted on top of the subgrade layer after the trenching to obtain the strength of the subgrade layer. The results presented showed that severe longitudinal cracking were the predominant premature failures on the roads studied due to settlement effect of soft soil. The analysis obtained from RES2DINV program stated that the subsurface profiling was dominantly in saturated condition which the resistivity value was less than 100 ohm.m. From the SPT N-value it is observed that, the very soft soil layer is up to 8 m followed by the soft to stiff clays soil. Another cause of failure was resulted from the differential settlement due to the effect of different design of road construction with varies material used. The reliability and efficiency of the instruments used were also discussed in this study.
{"title":"Forensic Study on Federal Road Pavement Failures at Rengit and Semerah, Batu Pahat","authors":"Syazwan Aiman Sufiyanussuari, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, M. F. Yusof, N. Yusoff","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic investigations in engineering term may be conducted to identify the causes of failure to facilitate the design of proper repairs, or to improve the performance or lifespan of a component, assembly, or structure. This paper presents the combination of geotechnical investigation and geophysical survey method as a forensic tool to predict the causes of pavement failure occurred along the coastal area of federal road FT005. The number and type of field testing are varying on each selected study area at Rengit and Semerah, Batu Pahat as this location constructed on soft soil area. Non-destructive testing (NDT) method using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were chosen to be applied at the worst severity of the road failure. Three number of resistivity lines of 100m and 200m were laid out using ABEM Terrameter LS2 with gradient method of electrode arrays covering up to 40-meters depth. Then, further testing of destructive testing (DT) method using borehole drilling conducted near the ERT lines to obtain soil profile with SPT N-value measurement. The disturbed and undisturbed samples were obtained to carried out laboratory test for soil classification. After that, inspection of road pavement layers were implemented at five number of trial pit tests which excavated up to subgrade layer to determine the thickness of the materials used in road construction. Three number of mackintosh probe test were also conducted on top of the subgrade layer after the trenching to obtain the strength of the subgrade layer. The results presented showed that severe longitudinal cracking were the predominant premature failures on the roads studied due to settlement effect of soft soil. The analysis obtained from RES2DINV program stated that the subsurface profiling was dominantly in saturated condition which the resistivity value was less than 100 ohm.m. From the SPT N-value it is observed that, the very soft soil layer is up to 8 m followed by the soft to stiff clays soil. Another cause of failure was resulted from the differential settlement due to the effect of different design of road construction with varies material used. The reliability and efficiency of the instruments used were also discussed in this study.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"22 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133052352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.004
Muhd Syamir Sobri, Ahmad Khairul Abd Malik, Mohd Firdaus Md Dan, H. Hussin, Badee Alshameri
Water supply-demand is increasing in line with the increment in population. Natural water resources are declining due to reduction of water catchment areas, river pollution and drought. This causes the raw water quantity and quality to decrease and increase water treatment costs. Groundwater usage may be able to solve this problem due to its less polluted nature which requires less treatment. The groundwater is preserved in aquifer within the geological formations, i.e., in the alluvium and fractured-rock. However, the groundwater yield of each formation is unknown unless tube well is constructed and pumping test are performed. This study aim to evaluate the tube well performance via pumping test on two different geological formations. This research focuses on the effect of transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and efficiency of the aquifer, which are step-drawdown test, constant-rate test and recovery test in tube well in geological formation of alluvium and fractured rock. Three well-pumping tests at each formation were conducted at IBS Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Kelantan, Sekolah Kebangsaan Chantum, Kelantan, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama Tok Bachok, Kelantan, FRU Wakaf Tapai, Terengganu, Kampung Dada Kering, Kuala Lipis, Pahang, and Kampung Seri Gunung Pulai, Johor, respectively. The aquifer efficiency obtained from the relationship between transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. The suggested value of 75% efficiency is selected to present the well’s efficiency. The wells efficiency indicate that the alluvium formation has roughly uniform output between 9.39m3/h, 11.23m3/h and 23.38m3/h. Meanwhile in the fractured rock formation the efficiency was highly varied between sites, the highest is 32.33m3/h and the other two sites obtained has low output of 3.44 m3/h and 1.00m3/h respectively. The alluvium aquifer showed uniform water production compared to fractured hard rock aquifer. Meanwhile the water quantity in the fractured hard rock formation is unpredicted, which subjected to the fractured rock characteristic.
随着人口的增加，水的供需也在增加。由于集水面积减少、河流污染和干旱，自然水资源正在减少。这导致原水的数量和质量下降，增加了水处理成本。地下水的使用可能能够解决这个问题，因为它的污染较少，需要较少的处理。地下水保存在地质构造中的含水层中，即冲积层和裂隙岩中。然而，除非建造管井并进行抽水试验，否则每个地层的地下水产量是未知的。通过对两种不同地质地层的泵送试验，对管井性能进行了评价。本文重点研究了冲积层和裂隙岩地质地层中含水层透水率、导水率和效率的影响，即阶降试验、恒速试验和管井采收率试验。每个地层分别在马来西亚吉兰丹IBS大学(UMK)、吉兰丹、Sekolah Kebangsaan Chantum、吉兰丹、Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama Tok Bachok、吉兰丹、FRU Wakaf Tapai、Terengganu、Kampung Dada Kering、Kuala Lipis、Pahang和Kampung Seri Gunung Pulai、Johor进行了三次抽井测试。通过透水率与导水率的关系得到含水层效率。建议选择75%的效率值来表示该井的效率。井效率表明，冲积层产量基本均匀分布在9.39m3/h、11.23m3/h和23.38m3/h之间。同时，在裂隙岩体中，不同地点的效率差异较大，最高的为32.33m3/h，其他两个地点的产量较低，分别为3.44 m3/h和1.00m3/h。冲积层含水层与裂隙型硬岩含水层相比，产水均匀。同时，裂缝性硬岩地层的水量是不可预测的，受裂缝性岩石特性的影响。
{"title":"Assessment of Tube Well Pumping Test Performance on Different Geological Formation","authors":"Muhd Syamir Sobri, Ahmad Khairul Abd Malik, Mohd Firdaus Md Dan, H. Hussin, Badee Alshameri","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Water supply-demand is increasing in line with the increment in population. Natural water resources are declining due to reduction of water catchment areas, river pollution and drought. This causes the raw water quantity and quality to decrease and increase water treatment costs. Groundwater usage may be able to solve this problem due to its less polluted nature which requires less treatment. The groundwater is preserved in aquifer within the geological formations, i.e., in the alluvium and fractured-rock. However, the groundwater yield of each formation is unknown unless tube well is constructed and pumping test are performed. This study aim to evaluate the tube well performance via pumping test on two different geological formations. This research focuses on the effect of transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and efficiency of the aquifer, which are step-drawdown test, constant-rate test and recovery test in tube well in geological formation of alluvium and fractured rock. Three well-pumping tests at each formation were conducted at IBS Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Kelantan, Sekolah Kebangsaan Chantum, Kelantan, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama Tok Bachok, Kelantan, FRU Wakaf Tapai, Terengganu, Kampung Dada Kering, Kuala Lipis, Pahang, and Kampung Seri Gunung Pulai, Johor, respectively. The aquifer efficiency obtained from the relationship between transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. The suggested value of 75% efficiency is selected to present the well’s efficiency. The wells efficiency indicate that the alluvium formation has roughly uniform output between 9.39m3/h, 11.23m3/h and 23.38m3/h. Meanwhile in the fractured rock formation the efficiency was highly varied between sites, the highest is 32.33m3/h and the other two sites obtained has low output of 3.44 m3/h and 1.00m3/h respectively. The alluvium aquifer showed uniform water production compared to fractured hard rock aquifer. Meanwhile the water quantity in the fractured hard rock formation is unpredicted, which subjected to the fractured rock characteristic.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131484163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.007
Hafiz Arifuddin Nor, Mohd Khaidir Abu Talib, F. Pakir, N. L. Jumien, N. Wahab
Peat soil have been categorized as a problematic organic soil, because they have a high settlement rate when placed any structure on it. Therefore, the peat soil must first be stabilized using cement before it can be used. However, massive use of cement can lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, this study intends to use sugar cane bagasse ash as a substitute for cement in peat soil stabilization. The mix ratio of 5% to 20% was used to find the optimal mix ratio. Various tests were carried out on samples such as basic properties tests, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). After all the tests, the 5% replacement SCBA mix ratio gave the highest unconfined compressive strength if compared to the other mixtures ratio. Therefore, it is selected as the optimum mix ratio. The soil strength achieved by the SCBA 5% replacement ratio was found to be higher than cement stabilization alone due to the presence of secondary pozzolan reactions. The microstructure result from the SEM test had shown that the 5% replacement SCBA mix ratio filled in the hollow left by the peat soil. Hence, able to improve its soil structure and thus increasing its strength.
{"title":"Stabilization of Johor Peat Soil using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA)","authors":"Hafiz Arifuddin Nor, Mohd Khaidir Abu Talib, F. Pakir, N. L. Jumien, N. Wahab","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Peat soil have been categorized as a problematic organic soil, because they have a high settlement rate when placed any structure on it. Therefore, the peat soil must first be stabilized using cement before it can be used. However, massive use of cement can lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, this study intends to use sugar cane bagasse ash as a substitute for cement in peat soil stabilization. The mix ratio of 5% to 20% was used to find the optimal mix ratio. Various tests were carried out on samples such as basic properties tests, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). After all the tests, the 5% replacement SCBA mix ratio gave the highest unconfined compressive strength if compared to the other mixtures ratio. Therefore, it is selected as the optimum mix ratio. The soil strength achieved by the SCBA 5% replacement ratio was found to be higher than cement stabilization alone due to the presence of secondary pozzolan reactions. The microstructure result from the SEM test had shown that the 5% replacement SCBA mix ratio filled in the hollow left by the peat soil. Hence, able to improve its soil structure and thus increasing its strength.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128265064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2021.01.003
Amirul Najmi Shukri, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor
Soft clay soils can be considered as problematic soil with the characteristic of high compressibility, low permeability and low shear strength. Construction on soft clay deposit may causes problem such as insufficient bearing capacity, settlement problem and instability on excavation and embankment. Ground improvement methods were used as the aimed of this study is to determine the effect of non-traditional stabilizer on the compressive strength of soft clay soils. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine effect of compressive strength of untreated and treated soft clay soil with addition of non-traditional stabilizer at different curing periods. The soil properties of soft clay soil such as compaction, Atterberg limits, and unconfined compression strength (UCS) testing methods were used to observe the performance of treated and untreated samples. The test results from the UCS indicated that once Biomass Silica and Sodium Silicate in the form of SH-85 and TX-85 have been added to the clay soil, the strength of the sample will increase with increasing percent of sodium silicate and curing periods.
{"title":"Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength and Atterberg Limit of Soft Clay by Stabilizing with Sodium Silicate and Biomass Silica in Batu Pahat","authors":"Amirul Najmi Shukri, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Soft clay soils can be considered as problematic soil with the characteristic of high compressibility, low permeability and low shear strength. Construction on soft clay deposit may causes problem such as insufficient bearing capacity, settlement problem and instability on excavation and embankment. Ground improvement methods were used as the aimed of this study is to determine the effect of non-traditional stabilizer on the compressive strength of soft clay soils. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine effect of compressive strength of untreated and treated soft clay soil with addition of non-traditional stabilizer at different curing periods. The soil properties of soft clay soil such as compaction, Atterberg limits, and unconfined compression strength (UCS) testing methods were used to observe the performance of treated and untreated samples. The test results from the UCS indicated that once Biomass Silica and Sodium Silicate in the form of SH-85 and TX-85 have been added to the clay soil, the strength of the sample will increase with increasing percent of sodium silicate and curing periods.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123894101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.005
Syazwan Aiman Sufiyanussuari, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, Mohammad Izzat Shaffiq Azmi, M. N. H. Zahari, Nordiana MOHD MUZTAZA
Geophysical electrical resistivity method has been one of the more popular non-destructive method to explore the subsurface. Geophysical electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) subsurface profiling was conducted to map the groundwater path along the embankment. The groundwater path able to decrease the slope stability, thus its need to locate the position for conduct the slope remediation via subsoil drainage. In this study, Terrameter LS2 model, electrodes, cables, battery, and cable connectors were the equipment used for measurement. This study uses cable spread line at 200m with 2.5m spacing between electrodes by using gradient protocol. The resistivity data was analyzed using RES2DINV software. The interpretation of groundwater path is based on the resistivity values less than 100 ohm.m, which is interpreted as saturated materials. This study demonstrates the efficiency of application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in detecting the groundwater pathways. This investigation will help in sustaining the slope stability via indicating the position of groundwater pathways, and thus implementing the slope remediation work.
{"title":"Groundwater Pathway Mapping Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Method","authors":"Syazwan Aiman Sufiyanussuari, S. A. AHMAD TAJUDIN, Mohammad Izzat Shaffiq Azmi, M. N. H. Zahari, Nordiana MOHD MUZTAZA","doi":"10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2021.01.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Geophysical electrical resistivity method has been one of the more popular non-destructive method to explore the subsurface. Geophysical electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) subsurface profiling was conducted to map the groundwater path along the embankment. The groundwater path able to decrease the slope stability, thus its need to locate the position for conduct the slope remediation via subsoil drainage. In this study, Terrameter LS2 model, electrodes, cables, battery, and cable connectors were the equipment used for measurement. This study uses cable spread line at 200m with 2.5m spacing between electrodes by using gradient protocol. The resistivity data was analyzed using RES2DINV software. The interpretation of groundwater path is based on the resistivity values less than 100 ohm.m, which is interpreted as saturated materials. This study demonstrates the efficiency of application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in detecting the groundwater pathways. This investigation will help in sustaining the slope stability via indicating the position of groundwater pathways, and thus implementing the slope remediation work.","PeriodicalId":277750,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126361214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：