Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.7765/9781526140999.00004
Meritxell Ramírez‐i‐Ollé
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Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.7765/9781526140999.00006
Meritxell Ramírez‐i‐Ollé
Climate science has long been in trouble and I wish to help it with this book. As the climate scientist Michael E. Mann (2012) vividly recounts in his autobiography, the ‘climate wars’ and heated public disputes about the accuracy of climate science originated in the early 1990s when the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its first report summarising the scientific evidence of climate change for policy-makers. As Mann also narrates in first person, the most malicious personal attack on climate science occurred in November 2009, when thousands of private emails and documents sent and received by prominent climate scientists (including Mann himself) were stolen and published online. The anonymous hackers justified this ominous attack by saying, ‘We feel the climate science is, in the current situation, too important to be kept under wraps. We hereby release a random selection of correspondence, codes and documents. Hopefully, it will give some insights into the science and the people behind it’ (Pearce, 2010: 166). The hackers indeed succeeded in opening the workings of climate science to the public. For months, the climate scientists whose emails had been stolen were the focus of media attention and were investigated by multiple university and parliamentary inquiries under allegations of obstruction to open access to scientific data and failures of objectivity in peer-review and research assessment. The hacking and its aftermath, as the House of Commons admitted in its inquiry report, were a ‘traumatic and challenging experience for all involved and to the wider world of science’ (House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, 2010: 33). The authority of climate scientists has been eroded since the turn of the twentyfirst century by what seems to be a more general phenomenon: what happens inside many sciences has become visible to a highly educated and self-confident citizenry, as television and the Internet have opened up once exclusive and hidden spaces to public scrutiny (Collins, 2014; Gregory and Miller, 1998). The challenge faced by climate scientists is depicted in a cartoon published in The Economist shortly after the hacking (Figure P.1): the robust stock of knowledge that has been privately generated and validated by thousands of climate scientists for years (represented by a fortified tower of IPCC reports in the cartoon) is now under direct assault and surveillance from outside experts (as seen by the fact that these outsiders wear laboratory coats in the cartoon).
气候科学长期陷入困境，我希望通过这本书来帮助它。正如气候科学家迈克尔·e·曼恩(Michael E. Mann, 2012)在他的自传中生动描述的那样，“气候战争”和公众对气候科学准确性的激烈争论起源于20世纪90年代初，当时联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发表了第一份报告，为政策制定者总结了气候变化的科学证据。正如曼恩以第一个人的口吻叙述的那样，对气候科学最恶意的人身攻击发生在2009年11月，当时著名气候科学家(包括曼恩本人)发送和接收的数千封私人电子邮件和文件被窃取并在网上公布。匿名黑客为这次不祥的攻击辩护说:“我们觉得气候科学在当前形势下太重要了，不能保密。”我们在此发布随机选择的信件，代码和文件。希望它能对科学和背后的人提供一些见解”(Pearce, 2010: 166)。黑客们确实成功地向公众公开了气候科学的运作。几个月来，电子邮件被盗的气候科学家成为媒体关注的焦点，并受到多所大学和议会的调查，他们被指控阻碍科学数据的公开获取，在同行评审和研究评估中缺乏客观性。正如下议院在其调查报告中承认的那样，黑客事件及其后果“对所有参与者和更广泛的科学界来说都是一次创伤性和挑战性的经历”(下议院科学技术委员会，2010:33)。自21世纪初以来，气候科学家的权威已经被一种似乎更普遍的现象所侵蚀:许多科学内部发生的事情已经被受过高等教育和自信的公民所看到，因为电视和互联网已经向公众监督开放了曾经的独家和隐藏空间(Collins, 2014;格雷戈里和米勒，1998)。在黑客袭击发生后不久，《经济学人》上发表的一幅漫画描绘了气候科学家面临的挑战(图P.1):由数千名气候科学家多年来私下产生并验证的强大知识储备(漫画中由IPCC报告的坚固塔表示)现在正受到外部专家的直接攻击和监视(从漫画中这些局外人穿着实验室外套的事实可以看出)。
{"title":"Preface: saving climate science","authors":"Meritxell Ramírez‐i‐Ollé","doi":"10.7765/9781526140999.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526140999.00006","url":null,"abstract":"Climate science has long been in trouble and I wish to help it with this book. As the climate scientist Michael E. Mann (2012) vividly recounts in his autobiography, the ‘climate wars’ and heated public disputes about the accuracy of climate science originated in the early 1990s when the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its first report summarising the scientific evidence of climate change for policy-makers. As Mann also narrates in first person, the most malicious personal attack on climate science occurred in November 2009, when thousands of private emails and documents sent and received by prominent climate scientists (including Mann himself) were stolen and published online. The anonymous hackers justified this ominous attack by saying, ‘We feel the climate science is, in the current situation, too important to be kept under wraps. We hereby release a random selection of correspondence, codes and documents. Hopefully, it will give some insights into the science and the people behind it’ (Pearce, 2010: 166). The hackers indeed succeeded in opening the workings of climate science to the public. For months, the climate scientists whose emails had been stolen were the focus of media attention and were investigated by multiple university and parliamentary inquiries under allegations of obstruction to open access to scientific data and failures of objectivity in peer-review and research assessment. The hacking and its aftermath, as the House of Commons admitted in its inquiry report, were a ‘traumatic and challenging experience for all involved and to the wider world of science’ (House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, 2010: 33). The authority of climate scientists has been eroded since the turn of the twentyfirst century by what seems to be a more general phenomenon: what happens inside many sciences has become visible to a highly educated and self-confident citizenry, as television and the Internet have opened up once exclusive and hidden spaces to public scrutiny (Collins, 2014; Gregory and Miller, 1998). The challenge faced by climate scientists is depicted in a cartoon published in The Economist shortly after the hacking (Figure P.1): the robust stock of knowledge that has been privately generated and validated by thousands of climate scientists for years (represented by a fortified tower of IPCC reports in the cartoon) is now under direct assault and surveillance from outside experts (as seen by the fact that these outsiders wear laboratory coats in the cartoon).","PeriodicalId":277841,"journal":{"name":"Into the woods","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123309010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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