Under the current management strategies, young does are not able to meet the high energy requirements for concurrent pregnancy and lactation during the first litters, resulting in nutritional deficits, decreased reproductive performance and a high replacement rate. Feed intake capacity seems to be the main limiting factor. According to literature it seems impossible to adequately solve this problem by taking management measures during the reproduction period. The rearing period seems to be the best time to influence body development and feed to optimize the reproductive performance of young does. This is because of the rapid development of organs and tissues at an early age. The present review firstly summarises literature on body growth and development in rabbits. · Management practises and factors which could be relevant during the rearing period to stimulate feed intake and influence body development are then reviewed. Finally, implications for rearing strategies are discussed. The development and growth of the kits in life depends on the birth weight. Birth weight is influenced in the prenatal period by the parity, re-mating interval and nutrition of the doe. Optimal growth and development of the foetuses is provided when the doe is multiparous, kept under a semi-reproductive rhythm (42 days) and not restricted in feeding level. In the pre-weaning period, milk intake of the kits seems to be the most important factor affecting body growth and development so breeding does should not be reared in litters larger than 8 or 9 kits. After weaning, the energy intake and dietary fibre level of the diet seem to be important factors to regulate body growth and development and slimulate feed intake capacity. There are indicalions that reproductive performance can be oplimized by using rearing strategies focussed on stimulating feed intake capacity. Further research is needed to improve our knowledge of the effect of rearing strategies on subsequent reproduction.
{"title":"Rearing management of rabbit does : a review","authors":"J. Rommers, B. Kemp, R. Meijerhof, J. Noordhuizen","doi":"10.4995/WRS.1999.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/WRS.1999.390","url":null,"abstract":"Under the current management strategies, young does are not able to meet the high energy requirements for concurrent pregnancy and lactation during the first litters, resulting in nutritional deficits, decreased reproductive performance and a high replacement rate. Feed intake capacity seems to be the main limiting factor. According to literature it seems impossible to adequately solve this problem by taking management measures during the reproduction period. The rearing period seems to be the best time to influence body development and feed to optimize the reproductive performance of young does. This is because of the rapid development of organs and tissues at an early age. The present review firstly summarises literature on body growth and development in rabbits. · Management practises and factors which could be relevant during the rearing period to stimulate feed intake and influence body development are then reviewed. Finally, implications for rearing strategies are discussed. The development and growth of the kits in life depends on the birth weight. Birth weight is influenced in the prenatal period by the parity, re-mating interval and nutrition of the doe. Optimal growth and development of the foetuses is provided when the doe is multiparous, kept under a semi-reproductive rhythm (42 days) and not restricted in feeding level. In the pre-weaning period, milk intake of the kits seems to be the most important factor affecting body growth and development so breeding does should not be reared in litters larger than 8 or 9 kits. After weaning, the energy intake and dietary fibre level of the diet seem to be important factors to regulate body growth and development and slimulate feed intake capacity. There are indicalions that reproductive performance can be oplimized by using rearing strategies focussed on stimulating feed intake capacity. Further research is needed to improve our knowledge of the effect of rearing strategies on subsequent reproduction.","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125893844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01768-4
A. RuijterdeN.C., R. Malhó
{"title":"Plant and fungal tip growth : where do we go from here?","authors":"A. RuijterdeN.C., R. Malhó","doi":"10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01768-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01768-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-08DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201406153
M. Hoffmann, J. P. D. Plessis
In the upscaling process from pore to core different techniques are being used. In this presentation a novel application of Volume Averaging is described. The basic development follows the representative unit cell concept (RUC) developed by du Plessis (1988). This RUC concept is extended to multiphase flow. With the aid of a conceptual geometrical micro-model of a porous medium effective equations are derived which describe multiphase flow. Due to the strong nonlinearity of the flow proces non-local terras are introduced into the equations. These upscaled equations are analyzed in the presence of strong capillary forces and different wettability conditions inside the porous medium. The presente of capillary forces modifies the flow behaviour strongly and introduces non-local terras in the averaged equations.
{"title":"Upscaling from pore to core : effects of strong capillary forces and wettability phenomena","authors":"M. Hoffmann, J. P. D. Plessis","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201406153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406153","url":null,"abstract":"In the upscaling process from pore to core different techniques are being used. In this presentation a novel application of Volume Averaging is described. The basic development follows the representative unit cell concept (RUC) developed by du Plessis (1988). This RUC concept is extended to multiphase flow. With the aid of a conceptual geometrical micro-model of a porous medium effective equations are derived which describe multiphase flow. Due to the strong nonlinearity of the flow proces non-local terras are introduced into the equations. These upscaled equations are analyzed in the presence of strong capillary forces and different wettability conditions inside the porous medium. The presente of capillary forces modifies the flow behaviour strongly and introduces non-local terras in the averaged equations.","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127487362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Weijma, J. P. Haerkens, A. Stams, L. W. Pol, G. Lettinga
Thermophilic sulfite and sulfate reduction offers good prospects as part of an alternative technology to conventional off-gas desulfurization technologies. Thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reduction with methanol as the sole carbon and energy source for the sulfate reducing bacteria was studied in lab-scale Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactors operated at 65 °C and pH 7.5. At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 hr, sulfite and sulfate elimination rates of up to 0.22 mol-S.l -1 .day -1 (100% elimination) and 0.15 mol-S.l -1 .day -1 (80% elimination), respectively, were achieved. Sulfite and sulfate reduction accounted for 85–90% of the electrons released during degradation of methanol. In addition, 10–13% and 1–2% of the consumed methanol was converted to acetate and methane, respectively. Acetate was not utilized as electron donor for sulfate reduction. Acetate production seemed to be linearly correlated to the amount of sulfite and sulfate reduced. Sulfite disproportionating activity of the sludge was demonstrated by the simultaneous appearance of sulfide and sulfate in batch tests with sulfite. However, sulfite disproportionation rates were 4 times lower than sulfate reduction rates with methanol. The results clearly demonstrate that methanol can be efficiently used as electron and carbon source to obtain high sulfite and sulfate elimination rates in thermophilic bioreactors.
{"title":"Thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reduction with methanol in a high rate anaerobic reactor","authors":"J. Weijma, J. P. Haerkens, A. Stams, L. W. Pol, G. Lettinga","doi":"10.2166/WST.2000.0521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WST.2000.0521","url":null,"abstract":"Thermophilic sulfite and sulfate reduction offers good prospects as part of an alternative technology to conventional off-gas desulfurization technologies. Thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reduction with methanol as the sole carbon and energy source for the sulfate reducing bacteria was studied in lab-scale Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactors operated at 65 °C and pH 7.5. At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 hr, sulfite and sulfate elimination rates of up to 0.22 mol-S.l -1 .day -1 (100% elimination) and 0.15 mol-S.l -1 .day -1 (80% elimination), respectively, were achieved. Sulfite and sulfate reduction accounted for 85–90% of the electrons released during degradation of methanol. In addition, 10–13% and 1–2% of the consumed methanol was converted to acetate and methane, respectively. Acetate was not utilized as electron donor for sulfate reduction. Acetate production seemed to be linearly correlated to the amount of sulfite and sulfate reduced. Sulfite disproportionating activity of the sludge was demonstrated by the simultaneous appearance of sulfide and sulfate in batch tests with sulfite. However, sulfite disproportionation rates were 4 times lower than sulfate reduction rates with methanol. The results clearly demonstrate that methanol can be efficiently used as electron and carbon source to obtain high sulfite and sulfate elimination rates in thermophilic bioreactors.","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131654658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-08-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3180.2000.00197.X
D. Baumann, M. Kropff, L. Bastiaans
Many field vegetables such as leek are weak competitors against weeds, causing high costs for weed management practice. Using celery as a companion cash crop was suggested to improve the weed suppression of leek. Three field experiments were carried out to study the intra- and interspecific competition in a leek:celery intercrop with and without additional weed competition. Results from this experimental work show that intercropping of leek and celery in a row-by-row replacement design considerably shortened the critical period for weed control in the intercrop compared with the leek pure stand. The relative soil cover of weeds that emerged at the end of the critical period was reduced by 41 n the intercrop. In another experiment, the biomass of Senecio vulgaris, which was planted 20 days after crop establishment, was reduced by 58 n the intercrop and the number of seedlings which emerged as offspring was reduced by 98°all reductions compared with the pure stand of leek. The relative yield total of the intercrop exceeded that of the pure stand by 10°probably as a result of an optimized exploitation of the resources. The quality of the leek, however, was reduced. Advantages and bottlenecks of the intercrop system of leek and celery and implications for the weed control are discussed and used to identify future research needs.
{"title":"Intercropping leeks to suppress weeds","authors":"D. Baumann, M. Kropff, L. Bastiaans","doi":"10.1046/J.1365-3180.2000.00197.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-3180.2000.00197.X","url":null,"abstract":"Many field vegetables such as leek are weak competitors against weeds, causing high costs for weed management practice. Using celery as a companion cash crop was suggested to improve the weed suppression of leek. Three field experiments were carried out to study the intra- and interspecific competition in a leek:celery intercrop with and without additional weed competition. Results from this experimental work show that intercropping of leek and celery in a row-by-row replacement design considerably shortened the critical period for weed control in the intercrop compared with the leek pure stand. The relative soil cover of weeds that emerged at the end of the critical period was reduced by 41 n the intercrop. In another experiment, the biomass of Senecio vulgaris, which was planted 20 days after crop establishment, was reduced by 58 n the intercrop and the number of seedlings which emerged as offspring was reduced by 98°all reductions compared with the pure stand of leek. The relative yield total of the intercrop exceeded that of the pure stand by 10°probably as a result of an optimized exploitation of the resources. The quality of the leek, however, was reduced. Advantages and bottlenecks of the intercrop system of leek and celery and implications for the weed control are discussed and used to identify future research needs.","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116957582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1097/00010694-199910000-00010
A. Veldkamp
{"title":"Book review: Soils and geomorphology, 3rd Edition by Peter W. Birkeland","authors":"A. Veldkamp","doi":"10.1097/00010694-199910000-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199910000-00010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132194139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-08-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1439-0531.1999.TB01260.X
D. Steverink, N. Soede, B. Kemp
{"title":"Registration of Oestrus Duration Can Help to Improve Insemination Strategies at Commercial Pig Farms","authors":"D. Steverink, N. Soede, B. Kemp","doi":"10.1111/J.1439-0531.1999.TB01260.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1439-0531.1999.TB01260.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117212214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1002/9780470030899.CH8
S. Raczynski
{"title":"On the metric structure in the space of dynamic system models","authors":"S. Raczynski","doi":"10.1002/9780470030899.CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470030899.CH8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128445318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Networks of spiking neurons: the third generation of neural network models","authors":"MaasWofgang","doi":"10.5555/281543.281637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5555/281543.281637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116088176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-09-01DOI: 10.1177/003754976901300307
J. Dumas, H. Klee
To harness the energy contained in such unconventional sources as winds, tides, and sunlight, a power system must incorporate an energy storage device to act as a buffer between the source and the load. Since the size of the energy storage device depends upon the relative timing of the availability of energy and the load demand, a system simulation is a logical approach to the study and design of power systems using these unconventional en ergy sources. GPSS is presented as an excellent simula tion vehicle. The physical properties to be simulated are discussed and the resulting GPSS programs are presented. Some proposed applications for these power systems are presented.
{"title":"Design, simulation, and experiments on the delay compensation for a vehicle simulator","authors":"J. Dumas, H. Klee","doi":"10.1177/003754976901300307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/003754976901300307","url":null,"abstract":"To harness the energy contained in such unconventional sources as winds, tides, and sunlight, a power system must incorporate an energy storage device to act as a buffer between the source and the load. Since the size of the energy storage device depends upon the relative timing of the availability of energy and the load demand, a system simulation is a logical approach to the study and design of power systems using these unconventional en ergy sources. GPSS is presented as an excellent simula tion vehicle. The physical properties to be simulated are discussed and the resulting GPSS programs are presented. Some proposed applications for these power systems are presented.","PeriodicalId":281129,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Society for Computer Simulation International","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114541280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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