Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637369
A. Proudfoot, C. Michie, W. Johnstone, H. White
The past 10 years has witnessed a significant rise in the interest in optical networks for the next generation of avionic communications. Although an optical network onboard an aircraft will be relatively short, with lengths up to hundreds of metres rather than kilometres, the backbone loss can still be high. There may be many interconnections through bulkheads, for installation and maintenance with high losses over the operating environment. Also, slip-rings, wavelength filters and splitters are other sources of attenuation. In many cases, amplification will be required to overcome these losses. Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) provide a cost effective means for this amplification over a wavelength range of between 850 nm and 1600 nm [1].
{"title":"Power requirements and operation of amplified optical networks for future aerospace applications","authors":"A. Proudfoot, C. Michie, W. Johnstone, H. White","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637369","url":null,"abstract":"The past 10 years has witnessed a significant rise in the interest in optical networks for the next generation of avionic communications. Although an optical network onboard an aircraft will be relatively short, with lengths up to hundreds of metres rather than kilometres, the backbone loss can still be high. There may be many interconnections through bulkheads, for installation and maintenance with high losses over the operating environment. Also, slip-rings, wavelength filters and splitters are other sources of attenuation. In many cases, amplification will be required to overcome these losses. Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) provide a cost effective means for this amplification over a wavelength range of between 850 nm and 1600 nm [1].","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128632477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5638003
J. McKinney
Demand for broadband radio-frequency (RF) analog signal distribution and processing is ever increasing for airborne, as well as terrestrial, applications. Analog optical links provide a number of desirable features for these applications including inherent bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, as well as reduced size weight and power. As the number of analog channels grows and link length increases new techniques that provide high-fidelity analog signal transmission are required. Sampled analog optical links — which employ a pulsed optical carrier in lieu of the conventional continuous-wave laser — offer several unique capabilities. In particular, these links offer time-division (as opposed to wavelength-division) multiplexing capability and immunity to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) as a result of the broadband nature of the optical carrier. This talk will focus on sampled link operation and will discuss their use in long-haul analog photonic applications such as analog delay-line signal processing where SBS typically limits conventional link performance.
{"title":"Sampled analog links","authors":"J. McKinney","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5638003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5638003","url":null,"abstract":"Demand for broadband radio-frequency (RF) analog signal distribution and processing is ever increasing for airborne, as well as terrestrial, applications. Analog optical links provide a number of desirable features for these applications including inherent bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, as well as reduced size weight and power. As the number of analog channels grows and link length increases new techniques that provide high-fidelity analog signal transmission are required. Sampled analog optical links — which employ a pulsed optical carrier in lieu of the conventional continuous-wave laser — offer several unique capabilities. In particular, these links offer time-division (as opposed to wavelength-division) multiplexing capability and immunity to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) as a result of the broadband nature of the optical carrier. This talk will focus on sampled link operation and will discuss their use in long-haul analog photonic applications such as analog delay-line signal processing where SBS typically limits conventional link performance.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130486342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637494
Sandy Cherian, H. Spangenberg, R. Caspary
The potential of polymer optical fiber (POF) and its link components in short distance data communication has been well established by the automotive (e.g. media oriented system transport bus) and telecommunication industries. Avionics networks can also be considered as short distance data communication as they have a limited size with a maximum length of 100 m between the nodes. This paper discusses the challenges and options in integrating commercial POF link and its passive/active components to the critical as well as non critical data communication in commercial aircraft. The paper will focus particularly on the relevant firm environmental requirements that have to be fulfilled to assure the reliability and safety of the commercial aircraft data communication network. Further, characterisation of POF will be analyzed in detail based on MIL STD 1678/TIA 455 series and compliance with RTCA/DO 160E will also be evaluated in detail.
{"title":"Integrating polymer optical fibers in civil aircraft: Enviromental requirements and challenges","authors":"Sandy Cherian, H. Spangenberg, R. Caspary","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637494","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of polymer optical fiber (POF) and its link components in short distance data communication has been well established by the automotive (e.g. media oriented system transport bus) and telecommunication industries. Avionics networks can also be considered as short distance data communication as they have a limited size with a maximum length of 100 m between the nodes. This paper discusses the challenges and options in integrating commercial POF link and its passive/active components to the critical as well as non critical data communication in commercial aircraft. The paper will focus particularly on the relevant firm environmental requirements that have to be fulfilled to assure the reliability and safety of the commercial aircraft data communication network. Further, characterisation of POF will be analyzed in detail based on MIL STD 1678/TIA 455 series and compliance with RTCA/DO 160E will also be evaluated in detail.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"2010 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114127075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637488
G. Trouillard, R. Cerutti, X. Pruneau-Godmaire, F. Leblanc, P. Zivojinovic, E. Weynant
The current growth of optical-fibre use in aerospace is leading to the development of means to facilitate installation and decrease labor cost. In this context, we propose a new device to connect fibres. The mechanical splice, called Optimend®, is suitable for harsh environment applications. The capacity and quality of this new shape memory alloy splicing device for installation and connection of optical fibres is demonstrated in this paper.
{"title":"New mechanical splices for single and ribbon fibres","authors":"G. Trouillard, R. Cerutti, X. Pruneau-Godmaire, F. Leblanc, P. Zivojinovic, E. Weynant","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637488","url":null,"abstract":"The current growth of optical-fibre use in aerospace is leading to the development of means to facilitate installation and decrease labor cost. In this context, we propose a new device to connect fibres. The mechanical splice, called Optimend®, is suitable for harsh environment applications. The capacity and quality of this new shape memory alloy splicing device for installation and connection of optical fibres is demonstrated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121847028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637704
C. Kuznia, B. Lemoff
We present a strategy for integrating ‘agile electronics’ within optical network devices to create low power, low latency, and compact WDM LAN components suitable for avionics applications. We present the development of a multi-channel DWDM transmitter and the feasibility of an optical-electrical-optical (OEO) wavelength router for realization as optical network elements (ONE) within a WDM LAN.
{"title":"Multi-channel DWDM transmitter using agile electronics","authors":"C. Kuznia, B. Lemoff","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637704","url":null,"abstract":"We present a strategy for integrating ‘agile electronics’ within optical network devices to create low power, low latency, and compact WDM LAN components suitable for avionics applications. We present the development of a multi-channel DWDM transmitter and the feasibility of an optical-electrical-optical (OEO) wavelength router for realization as optical network elements (ONE) within a WDM LAN.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115657786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637515
M. Ott
For over thirty years NASA has had success with space flight missions that utilize optical fiber component technology. One of the early environmental characterization experiments that included optical fiber was launched as the Long Duration Exposure Facility in 1978. Since then, multiple missions have launched with optical fiber components that functioned as expected, without failure throughout the mission life.
{"title":"Space flight applications of optical fiber; 30 years of space flight success","authors":"M. Ott","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637515","url":null,"abstract":"For over thirty years NASA has had success with space flight missions that utilize optical fiber component technology. One of the early environmental characterization experiments that included optical fiber was launched as the Long Duration Exposure Facility in 1978. Since then, multiple missions have launched with optical fiber components that functioned as expected, without failure throughout the mission life.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125241810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637470
M. Gross, A. Husain
There is a rapidly increasing data flow between sensors and on-board processors in avionic platforms. Electro-optic (EO) sensors are moving to hyperspectral and radar to phased array to enable precision targeting, wide field of view surveillance and navigation. These trends call for next generation optical network technology which has to provide increasing high speed data transmission under harsh conditions. Recent developments go beyond simple point-to-point fiber links towards establishing optical distribution networks to deal with the data traffic [1]. A flexible and potentially low-cost implementation is the passive optical network (PON) which scales easily to increasing needs simply by upgrading the peripheral units without need to change the fiber connections and infrastructure. PONs are well established in the commercial access market with the increasing push to fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) technologies which has led to the development of a variety of low-cost devices for these networks. A key enabler in our development of an avionics PON is the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) which combines amplification and modulation into a single device [2]. The RSOA is a non-resonant device, thus wideband with the potential for ruggedness, especially high temperature operation with small or no need for cooling. At higher data rates up to 20 Gbps a related device, the reflective electro-absorption modulator with integrated amplification (R-SOA-EAM) can be used instead. To complete the adaptation we replaced the laser, commonly used to provide optical input power in a PON architecture with another non-resonant device, the superluminescent LED (SLED). To create upgrade flexibility we utilized wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) which allows addition and subtraction of channels without changing hardware. Coarse WDM (CWDM) was chosen over Dense WDM (DWDM) for two reasons: the large channel width (20nm) of CWDM reduces cost by relaxing fabrication tolerance and renders the use of temperature control unnecessary, thereby increasing reliability. The concept and current state of development of our optical network is described in this paper.
{"title":"Rugged optical data distribution network for avionics","authors":"M. Gross, A. Husain","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637470","url":null,"abstract":"There is a rapidly increasing data flow between sensors and on-board processors in avionic platforms. Electro-optic (EO) sensors are moving to hyperspectral and radar to phased array to enable precision targeting, wide field of view surveillance and navigation. These trends call for next generation optical network technology which has to provide increasing high speed data transmission under harsh conditions. Recent developments go beyond simple point-to-point fiber links towards establishing optical distribution networks to deal with the data traffic [1]. A flexible and potentially low-cost implementation is the passive optical network (PON) which scales easily to increasing needs simply by upgrading the peripheral units without need to change the fiber connections and infrastructure. PONs are well established in the commercial access market with the increasing push to fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) technologies which has led to the development of a variety of low-cost devices for these networks. A key enabler in our development of an avionics PON is the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) which combines amplification and modulation into a single device [2]. The RSOA is a non-resonant device, thus wideband with the potential for ruggedness, especially high temperature operation with small or no need for cooling. At higher data rates up to 20 Gbps a related device, the reflective electro-absorption modulator with integrated amplification (R-SOA-EAM) can be used instead. To complete the adaptation we replaced the laser, commonly used to provide optical input power in a PON architecture with another non-resonant device, the superluminescent LED (SLED). To create upgrade flexibility we utilized wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) which allows addition and subtraction of channels without changing hardware. Coarse WDM (CWDM) was chosen over Dense WDM (DWDM) for two reasons: the large channel width (20nm) of CWDM reduces cost by relaxing fabrication tolerance and renders the use of temperature control unnecessary, thereby increasing reliability. The concept and current state of development of our optical network is described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129611317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637252
V. Kozlov, J. Koh, K. Bennett
One of the fastest growing application areas for optical fiber is for use in sensing applications in harsh environments. The designation of harsh environment includes temperatures above 85C, hydrogen atmosphere, tight bending radii, radiation, chemically aggressive environments, etc. Actual operating environments may include a combination of several of the above listed factors. Fibers deployed in a harsh environment require specialized design of both the optical fibers and cabling to ensure long term, reliable operation. Optical fiber development for harsh environment operation includes both glass and coating material development. Glass development includes changes to the core and cladding composition and refractive index profile design changes. Coating development includes material changes to improve the thermal characteristics.
{"title":"Optical fibers with mid and high temperature coatings for harsh environment applications","authors":"V. Kozlov, J. Koh, K. Bennett","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637252","url":null,"abstract":"One of the fastest growing application areas for optical fiber is for use in sensing applications in harsh environments. The designation of harsh environment includes temperatures above 85C, hydrogen atmosphere, tight bending radii, radiation, chemically aggressive environments, etc. Actual operating environments may include a combination of several of the above listed factors. Fibers deployed in a harsh environment require specialized design of both the optical fibers and cabling to ensure long term, reliable operation. Optical fiber development for harsh environment operation includes both glass and coating material development. Glass development includes changes to the core and cladding composition and refractive index profile design changes. Coating development includes material changes to improve the thermal characteristics.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126055816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637773
C. Middleton, R. DeSalvo
Coherent detection in analog optical links offers several advantages, including increased linearity, heterodyne frequency conversion capability, and reduced link noise figure. Implementing a coherent link in a microwave communications system requires understanding and mitigation of coherence-related noise. We describe an analog optical link using coherent detection and amplitude modulation to achieve high dynamic range, high link gain, and low noise figure. We then address the dominant performance-limiting parameters and discuss several approaches to overcome these limitations.
{"title":"System implementation of coherent analog optical links","authors":"C. Middleton, R. DeSalvo","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637773","url":null,"abstract":"Coherent detection in analog optical links offers several advantages, including increased linearity, heterodyne frequency conversion capability, and reduced link noise figure. Implementing a coherent link in a microwave communications system requires understanding and mitigation of coherence-related noise. We describe an analog optical link using coherent detection and amplitude modulation to achieve high dynamic range, high link gain, and low noise figure. We then address the dominant performance-limiting parameters and discuss several approaches to overcome these limitations.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133158146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-15DOI: 10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637976
A. Mendez
Pulse position modulation (PPM) is a form of signaling wherein each transmitted symbol represents more than one bit. Each symbol (a pulse) is transmitted in one of M slots in a frame [1]. Each symbol represents k bits, where k=log2M. Among intensity modulated/direct detection (IM/DD) communication systems it is favored if the system is average power limited. This is because, for the same average power, it transmits log2M more bits than non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation schemes. However, this advantage comes at the expense of spectral efficiency, which is (log2M)/M bits/s/Hz for M-ary PPM. In this paper we will describe some rules for architecting M-ary PPM transmitters and receivers, especially for the fiber-optic and Si-photonics design regimes. These regimes can be defined in terms of the time slot (Ts) vs data rate (R) and M relationship because [20∗Ts/ns]cm defines the delay line quantization required in the transmitter and receiver architectures. This relationship is shown in Figure 1. It suggests electronic, fiber-optic, and Si-photonics implementation regimes.
{"title":"Pulse position modulation (PPM) fiber optic architectures","authors":"A. Mendez","doi":"10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVFOP.2010.5637976","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse position modulation (PPM) is a form of signaling wherein each transmitted symbol represents more than one bit. Each symbol (a pulse) is transmitted in one of M slots in a frame [1]. Each symbol represents k bits, where k=log2M. Among intensity modulated/direct detection (IM/DD) communication systems it is favored if the system is average power limited. This is because, for the same average power, it transmits log2M more bits than non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation schemes. However, this advantage comes at the expense of spectral efficiency, which is (log2M)/M bits/s/Hz for M-ary PPM. In this paper we will describe some rules for architecting M-ary PPM transmitters and receivers, especially for the fiber-optic and Si-photonics design regimes. These regimes can be defined in terms of the time slot (Ts) vs data rate (R) and M relationship because [20∗Ts/ns]cm defines the delay line quantization required in the transmitter and receiver architectures. This relationship is shown in Figure 1. It suggests electronic, fiber-optic, and Si-photonics implementation regimes.","PeriodicalId":281705,"journal":{"name":"2010 Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134222912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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