Pub Date : 2019-03-27DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79299
S. Niazi
A cost effective, robust, and high capacity access network necessitated to meet the mounting customer demands for bandwidth-desirous services. A remarkable evolution of access networks is observed both in wired and wireless, predominantly driven by ever-changing bandwidth requirements. A wireless connection releases the end user from the restrictions of a physical link to a network that results in mobility, flexibleness, and ease of use. Whereas, optical networks offer immense amount of bandwidth that appease the most bandwidth voracious customers compared to bandwidth limited wire- less networks. The integration of wired and wireless domains in the access landscape that presents a technical analysis of optical architectures suitable to support radio over fiber (RoF) is the objective of this chapter. Investigate the main trends that drive the merger of fiber and wireless technologies in access networks. Moreover, study the primary terms and the particular transmission features of integrated fiber-radio links to form a well-defined classification of hybrid systems and techniques. This work also recognizes the major problems for realization of RoF systems and examines the limitation, advantages, and diversity of integrated RoF-PON technology.
{"title":"Integration of Hybrid Passive Optical Networks (PON) with Radio over Fiber (RoF)","authors":"S. Niazi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79299","url":null,"abstract":"A cost effective, robust, and high capacity access network necessitated to meet the mounting customer demands for bandwidth-desirous services. A remarkable evolution of access networks is observed both in wired and wireless, predominantly driven by ever-changing bandwidth requirements. A wireless connection releases the end user from the restrictions of a physical link to a network that results in mobility, flexibleness, and ease of use. Whereas, optical networks offer immense amount of bandwidth that appease the most bandwidth voracious customers compared to bandwidth limited wire- less networks. The integration of wired and wireless domains in the access landscape that presents a technical analysis of optical architectures suitable to support radio over fiber (RoF) is the objective of this chapter. Investigate the main trends that drive the merger of fiber and wireless technologies in access networks. Moreover, study the primary terms and the particular transmission features of integrated fiber-radio links to form a well-defined classification of hybrid systems and techniques. This work also recognizes the major problems for realization of RoF systems and examines the limitation, advantages, and diversity of integrated RoF-PON technology.","PeriodicalId":281802,"journal":{"name":"RF Systems, Circuits and Components","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123068409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79514
C. Tripon-Canseliet, J. Chazelas
This chapter is devoted to a complete analysis of remarkable electromagnetic properties of nanomaterials suitable for antenna design miniaturization. After a review of state of the art mesoscopic scale modeling tools and characterization techniques in microwave domain, new approaches based on wideband material parameters identification (complex permittivity and conductivity) will be described from impedance equivalence formulation achievement by de-embedding techniques applicable in integrated technology or in free space. A focus on performances of 1D materials such as vertically aligned multi-wall carbon nanotube (VA-MWCNT) bundles, from theory to technology, will be presented as a disruptive demonstration for defense and civil applications as in radar systems.
{"title":"Low-Dimensional Materials for Disruptive Microwave Antennas Design","authors":"C. Tripon-Canseliet, J. Chazelas","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79514","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is devoted to a complete analysis of remarkable electromagnetic properties of nanomaterials suitable for antenna design miniaturization. After a review of state of the art mesoscopic scale modeling tools and characterization techniques in microwave domain, new approaches based on wideband material parameters identification (complex permittivity and conductivity) will be described from impedance equivalence formulation achievement by de-embedding techniques applicable in integrated technology or in free space. A focus on performances of 1D materials such as vertically aligned multi-wall carbon nanotube (VA-MWCNT) bundles, from theory to technology, will be presented as a disruptive demonstration for defense and civil applications as in radar systems.","PeriodicalId":281802,"journal":{"name":"RF Systems, Circuits and Components","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116823393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76564
Loubna Berrich, L. Zenkouar
In this chapter, we did an introduction to radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to define the different components of this system, then the frequencies of utilization for this application, and finally the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. Then we presented the design and simulation of a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with a T-shaped slot. We studied the effect of changing the type of feed supply, the type of substrate, and the position of the connecting line between the ground plane and the radiating element. We chose the frequency of resonance of the antenna for the RFID applications at 5.8 GHz. The results obtained by the HFSS software are very satisfactory with a very minimal return loss.
{"title":"Study of the PIFA Antenna for RFID Applications","authors":"Loubna Berrich, L. Zenkouar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76564","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we did an introduction to radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to define the different components of this system, then the frequencies of utilization for this application, and finally the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. Then we presented the design and simulation of a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with a T-shaped slot. We studied the effect of changing the type of feed supply, the type of substrate, and the position of the connecting line between the ground plane and the radiating element. We chose the frequency of resonance of the antenna for the RFID applications at 5.8 GHz. The results obtained by the HFSS software are very satisfactory with a very minimal return loss.","PeriodicalId":281802,"journal":{"name":"RF Systems, Circuits and Components","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131003295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78945
Mikhail E. Belkin, Vladislav Golovin, Y. Tyschuk, Mikhail G. Vasil’ev, Alexander S. Sigov
In the process of design, a developer of new microwave-photonics-based RF apparatuses is facing a problem of choosing appropriate software. As of today, the existing optical and optoelectronic CAD tools (OE-CAD) are not developed like CAD tools intended for modeling of RF circuits (E-CAD). On the contrary, operating at symbolic level, modern high-power microwave E-CAD tools simply and with high precision solve this problem, but there are no models of active photonic components in their libraries. To overcome this problem, we proposed and validated experimentally a new approach to model a broad class of promising analog microwave radio-electronics systems based on microwave photonics technology. This chapter reviews our known, updated, new models and simulation results using microwave-electronics off-the-shelf computer tool NI AWRDE to pursue advanced performances corresponding to the last generation of key photonics structural elements and important RF devices on their basis.
{"title":"Computer-Aided Design of Microwave-Photonics-Based RF Circuits and Systems","authors":"Mikhail E. Belkin, Vladislav Golovin, Y. Tyschuk, Mikhail G. Vasil’ev, Alexander S. Sigov","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78945","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of design, a developer of new microwave-photonics-based RF apparatuses is facing a problem of choosing appropriate software. As of today, the existing optical and optoelectronic CAD tools (OE-CAD) are not developed like CAD tools intended for modeling of RF circuits (E-CAD). On the contrary, operating at symbolic level, modern high-power microwave E-CAD tools simply and with high precision solve this problem, but there are no models of active photonic components in their libraries. To overcome this problem, we proposed and validated experimentally a new approach to model a broad class of promising analog microwave radio-electronics systems based on microwave photonics technology. This chapter reviews our known, updated, new models and simulation results using microwave-electronics off-the-shelf computer tool NI AWRDE to pursue advanced performances corresponding to the last generation of key photonics structural elements and important RF devices on their basis.","PeriodicalId":281802,"journal":{"name":"RF Systems, Circuits and Components","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129595949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76162
C. Hwang
The Internet of Things (IoT), where data are exchanged via wireless connection between devices, is rapidly becoming inextricable from our daily lives. A variety of IoT devices ranging from smart homes to autonomous vehicles and health care have grown explo- sively. While wireless communication makes the devices conveniently connected, it also makes them inherently vulnerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Any radio fre- quency (RF) antenna used as a radio receiver can easily pick up the unintended electromagnetic noise from integrated circuits (ICs) populated within the same device. The radio range is limited by interference, called RF desensitization, which in turn often limits the usefulness of IoT devices. While the amount of EMI can be estimated using numeri- cal simulations tools like HFSS and CST, engineering issues such as where to place the IC or setting the radiation specification of the IC cannot be so easily addressed. In this chapter, an insightful and efficient RF desensitization model necessary to estimate EMI levels on RF antennas will be addressed. The approach will be focused on two represen- tative areas: noise radiation source modeling and coupling estimation associated with an embedded RF antenna.
{"title":"RF Desensitization in Wireless Devices","authors":"C. Hwang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76162","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT), where data are exchanged via wireless connection between devices, is rapidly becoming inextricable from our daily lives. A variety of IoT devices ranging from smart homes to autonomous vehicles and health care have grown explo- sively. While wireless communication makes the devices conveniently connected, it also makes them inherently vulnerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Any radio fre- quency (RF) antenna used as a radio receiver can easily pick up the unintended electromagnetic noise from integrated circuits (ICs) populated within the same device. The radio range is limited by interference, called RF desensitization, which in turn often limits the usefulness of IoT devices. While the amount of EMI can be estimated using numeri- cal simulations tools like HFSS and CST, engineering issues such as where to place the IC or setting the radiation specification of the IC cannot be so easily addressed. In this chapter, an insightful and efficient RF desensitization model necessary to estimate EMI levels on RF antennas will be addressed. The approach will be focused on two represen- tative areas: noise radiation source modeling and coupling estimation associated with an embedded RF antenna.","PeriodicalId":281802,"journal":{"name":"RF Systems, Circuits and Components","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114282770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79187
Sumathi Manickam
The development of high-performance radio frequency (RF) transceivers or multi- standard/reconfigurable receivers requires an innovative RF front-end design to ensure the best from a good technology. In general, the performance of front-end and/or building blocks can be improved only by an increase in the supply voltage, width of the transistors or an additional stage at the output of a circuit. This leads to increase the design issues like circuit size and the power consumption. Presently, the wireless market and the need to develop efficient portable electronic systems have pushed the industry to the production of circuit designs with low-voltage power supply. The objective of this work is to introduce an innovative single-stage design structure of low noise amplifier (LNA) to achieve higher performance under low operating voltage. TSMC 0.18 micron CMOS technology scale is utilized for realizing LNA designs and the simulation process is carried out with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The LNA performance measures are analyzed by using an Intel Core2 duo CPU E7400@2.80GHz processor with Agilent ’ s Advanced Design System (ADS) 2009 version software.
{"title":"Design Concepts of Low-Noise Amplifier for Radio Frequency Receivers","authors":"Sumathi Manickam","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79187","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-performance radio frequency (RF) transceivers or multi- standard/reconfigurable receivers requires an innovative RF front-end design to ensure the best from a good technology. In general, the performance of front-end and/or building blocks can be improved only by an increase in the supply voltage, width of the transistors or an additional stage at the output of a circuit. This leads to increase the design issues like circuit size and the power consumption. Presently, the wireless market and the need to develop efficient portable electronic systems have pushed the industry to the production of circuit designs with low-voltage power supply. The objective of this work is to introduce an innovative single-stage design structure of low noise amplifier (LNA) to achieve higher performance under low operating voltage. TSMC 0.18 micron CMOS technology scale is utilized for realizing LNA designs and the simulation process is carried out with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The LNA performance measures are analyzed by using an Intel Core2 duo CPU E7400@2.80GHz processor with Agilent ’ s Advanced Design System (ADS) 2009 version software.","PeriodicalId":281802,"journal":{"name":"RF Systems, Circuits and Components","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125956453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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