Dennis Lawo, Philip Engelbutzeder, Margarita Esau, G. Stevens
For over a decade researchers from the HCI community are taking social practices as a unit of design. While the first generation focused on social practice in isolation, more recent work argues for the interrelatedness of mutually influencing practices as the primary unit of analysis. We discuss these current approaches to motivate the notion of a network of practices. We argue that network theory presents a promising method to create more detailed and sophisticated models of social practices, that raise awareness about central elements and their connecting characteristics. Further on, our work identifies open questions that should be addressed in future work, to increase the benefits of the method.
{"title":"Towards a Network of Practices: Identifying Central Elements to Inform Design","authors":"Dennis Lawo, Philip Engelbutzeder, Margarita Esau, G. Stevens","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363470","url":null,"abstract":"For over a decade researchers from the HCI community are taking social practices as a unit of design. While the first generation focused on social practice in isolation, more recent work argues for the interrelatedness of mutually influencing practices as the primary unit of analysis. We discuss these current approaches to motivate the notion of a network of practices. We argue that network theory presents a promising method to create more detailed and sophisticated models of social practices, that raise awareness about central elements and their connecting characteristics. Further on, our work identifies open questions that should be addressed in future work, to increase the benefits of the method.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115618998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Lee-Smith, T. Ross, M. Maguire, Fung Po Tso, J. Morley, S. Cavazzi
It's said that the pleasure is in the giving, not the receiving. This belief is validated by how humans interact with their family, friends and society as well as their gardens, homes, and pets. Yet for ubiquitous devices, this dynamic is reversed with devices as the donors and owners as the recipients. This paper explores an alternative paradigm where these devices are elevated, becoming members of Data Hungry Homes, allowing us to build relationships with them using the principles that we apply to family, pets or houseplants. These devices are developed to fit into a new concept of the home, can symbiotically interact with us and possess needs and traits that yield unexpected positive or negative outcomes from interacting with them. Such relationships could enrich our lives through our endeavours to “feed” our Data Hungry Homes, possibly leading us to explore new avenues and interactions outside and inside the home.
{"title":"The Data Hungry Home","authors":"Matthew Lee-Smith, T. Ross, M. Maguire, Fung Po Tso, J. Morley, S. Cavazzi","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363390","url":null,"abstract":"It's said that the pleasure is in the giving, not the receiving. This belief is validated by how humans interact with their family, friends and society as well as their gardens, homes, and pets. Yet for ubiquitous devices, this dynamic is reversed with devices as the donors and owners as the recipients. This paper explores an alternative paradigm where these devices are elevated, becoming members of Data Hungry Homes, allowing us to build relationships with them using the principles that we apply to family, pets or houseplants. These devices are developed to fit into a new concept of the home, can symbiotically interact with us and possess needs and traits that yield unexpected positive or negative outcomes from interacting with them. Such relationships could enrich our lives through our endeavours to “feed” our Data Hungry Homes, possibly leading us to explore new avenues and interactions outside and inside the home.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117058639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helena Webb, M. Jirotka, A. Winfield, Katie Winkle
The contemporary development of social robots has been accompanied by concerns over their capacity to cause harm to humans. Our RoboTIPS study sets out to design and trial an innovative design feature that will advance the safe operation of social robots and foster societal trust. The Ethical Black Box (EBB) collects data about a robot's actions in real time and in context; when an incident occurs, this data can be used within a wider investigation process to determine what went wrong and prevent similar adverse events. In this paper we draw on Lucy Suchman's groundbreaking work on human-machine relationships to elucidate the goals, practices and potential impact of our study. We align with Suchman's positioning of safety as an accomplishment of situated action and draw on her analysis to describe the actions of the EBB-enhanced social robot as contingent on context and the robot's status as a social agent. We also describe shared priorities in our methodological approaches. We close with observations on how participatory design and an ethnomethodologically-informed stance towards data collection and analysis can contribute to the field of responsible innovation (RI), which seeks to ensure that innovations are undertaken in the public interest and provide societal value.
{"title":"Human-robot relationships and the development of responsible social robots","authors":"Helena Webb, M. Jirotka, A. Winfield, Katie Winkle","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363396","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary development of social robots has been accompanied by concerns over their capacity to cause harm to humans. Our RoboTIPS study sets out to design and trial an innovative design feature that will advance the safe operation of social robots and foster societal trust. The Ethical Black Box (EBB) collects data about a robot's actions in real time and in context; when an incident occurs, this data can be used within a wider investigation process to determine what went wrong and prevent similar adverse events. In this paper we draw on Lucy Suchman's groundbreaking work on human-machine relationships to elucidate the goals, practices and potential impact of our study. We align with Suchman's positioning of safety as an accomplishment of situated action and draw on her analysis to describe the actions of the EBB-enhanced social robot as contingent on context and the robot's status as a social agent. We also describe shared priorities in our methodological approaches. We close with observations on how participatory design and an ethnomethodologically-informed stance towards data collection and analysis can contribute to the field of responsible innovation (RI), which seeks to ensure that innovations are undertaken in the public interest and provide societal value.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126735156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piotr Fratczak, Y. Goh, P. Kinnell, Andrea Soltoggio, L. Justham
As industry automation is evolving, the barriers between humans and machines are slowly disappearing. With humans and intelligent robots working closer together it is imperative to ensure not only physical safety but also the mental and emotional well-being of the workers. This paper uses the HTC Vive Virtual Reality headset to simulate different Human-Robot Interaction situations in which humans and robots constantly operate in a common workspace. It analyses the influence of an industrial robot’s actions on human behaviour. The results show that the robot’s behaviour does not influence the performance of human in a significant way, however, it has a large impact on their posture, focus and trust. It is shown that the human tends to naturally regain trust over time, however, the rate at which this takes place is variable and dependent on the robot’s behaviour.
{"title":"Understanding Human Behaviour in Industrial Human-Robot Interaction by Means of Virtual Reality","authors":"Piotr Fratczak, Y. Goh, P. Kinnell, Andrea Soltoggio, L. Justham","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363403","url":null,"abstract":"As industry automation is evolving, the barriers between humans and machines are slowly disappearing. With humans and intelligent robots working closer together it is imperative to ensure not only physical safety but also the mental and emotional well-being of the workers. This paper uses the HTC Vive Virtual Reality headset to simulate different Human-Robot Interaction situations in which humans and robots constantly operate in a common workspace. It analyses the influence of an industrial robot’s actions on human behaviour. The results show that the robot’s behaviour does not influence the performance of human in a significant way, however, it has a large impact on their posture, focus and trust. It is shown that the human tends to naturally regain trust over time, however, the rate at which this takes place is variable and dependent on the robot’s behaviour.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129203645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Search and rescue (SAR) operations are often nearly computer-technology-free due to the fragility and connectivity needs of current information communication technology (ICT). In this design fiction, we envision a world where SAR uses augmented reality (AR) and the surplus labor of volunteers during crisis response efforts. Unmanned aerial vehicles, crowdsourced mapping platforms, and concepts from video game mapping technologies can all be mixed to keep SAR operations complexity-free while incorporating ICTs. Our scenario describes a near-future SAR operation with currently available technology being assembled and deployed without issue. After our scenario, we discuss socio-technical barriers for technology use like technical fragility and overwhelming complexity. We also discuss how to work around those barriers and how to use video games as a testbed for SAR technology. We hope to inspire more resilient ICT design that is accessible without training.
{"title":"A Vision of Augmented Reality for Urban Search and Rescue","authors":"Nicolas Lalone, Sultan A. Alharthi, Z. Toups","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363466","url":null,"abstract":"Search and rescue (SAR) operations are often nearly computer-technology-free due to the fragility and connectivity needs of current information communication technology (ICT). In this design fiction, we envision a world where SAR uses augmented reality (AR) and the surplus labor of volunteers during crisis response efforts. Unmanned aerial vehicles, crowdsourced mapping platforms, and concepts from video game mapping technologies can all be mixed to keep SAR operations complexity-free while incorporating ICTs. Our scenario describes a near-future SAR operation with currently available technology being assembled and deployed without issue. After our scenario, we discuss socio-technical barriers for technology use like technical fragility and overwhelming complexity. We also discuss how to work around those barriers and how to use video games as a testbed for SAR technology. We hope to inspire more resilient ICT design that is accessible without training.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124046755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom Jenkins, Anna Vallgårda, Laurens Boer, Sarah Homewood, Teresa Almeida
This short paper offers a rationale and manifesto for a design-led research project called careful devices—domestic healthcare technologies that seek to bridge the gap between the lived experience of a person and the abstracted medical knowledge of a health practitioner. The rationale places careful devices at the intersection of contemporary trends in self-tracking and health care technology, and explains how and why this intersection is relevant for future interaction design. This is followed by a manifesto that articulates design goals for producing devices linking these trends, creating a space for interaction design research. We end with a discussion of Ovum, an example of a careful fertility tracking device.
{"title":"Careful Devices","authors":"Tom Jenkins, Anna Vallgårda, Laurens Boer, Sarah Homewood, Teresa Almeida","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363474","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper offers a rationale and manifesto for a design-led research project called careful devices—domestic healthcare technologies that seek to bridge the gap between the lived experience of a person and the abstracted medical knowledge of a health practitioner. The rationale places careful devices at the intersection of contemporary trends in self-tracking and health care technology, and explains how and why this intersection is relevant for future interaction design. This is followed by a manifesto that articulates design goals for producing devices linking these trends, creating a space for interaction design research. We end with a discussion of Ovum, an example of a careful fertility tracking device.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117211824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this short essay, we present our reflections on public outcomes of publicly funded socio-technical projects in relevance to discussions on empowerment, participation, and researcher responsibility in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Our work offers a reflective analysis and raises critical questions for further communal discussion about the life of research projects when the funding ends. When a publicly funded research project for empowering users comes to an end, how do we as HCI researchers measure the social impact of our interventions? What are the public outcomes and what are our responsibilities after we leave the field? To address these questions, first, we introduce two publicly funded socio-technical projects, situate our work with respect to current discourse on empowering users in HCI, present findings and insights based on our analysis of the projects, and conclude with a set of questions that are intended to further communal discussion.
{"title":"Public Outcomes of Publicly Funded Socio-Technical Projects","authors":"Peter Lyle, Gopinaath Kannabiran","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363480","url":null,"abstract":"In this short essay, we present our reflections on public outcomes of publicly funded socio-technical projects in relevance to discussions on empowerment, participation, and researcher responsibility in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Our work offers a reflective analysis and raises critical questions for further communal discussion about the life of research projects when the funding ends. When a publicly funded research project for empowering users comes to an end, how do we as HCI researchers measure the social impact of our interventions? What are the public outcomes and what are our responsibilities after we leave the field? To address these questions, first, we introduce two publicly funded socio-technical projects, situate our work with respect to current discourse on empowering users in HCI, present findings and insights based on our analysis of the projects, and conclude with a set of questions that are intended to further communal discussion.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122936645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human-centred design has been conceptualised as the simultaneous splitting and synthesising of the human and the technology, for the purpose of reconfiguring orders and positions of people and things within organisational innovation practices. Describing this function of design as an intervention, the paper makes visible the designer subject position being enacted as the mediating of different knowledges within the technohuman designer body. Using these insights into design practices, a reconceptionalisation is proposed, away from the current individual designerly agency of the technohuman designer, towards an intervention through collaborative technohuman reconfiguration by design.
{"title":"Reconfiguring Human-centred Design of Technology as a Technohuman Intervention","authors":"Ruth Neubauer","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363473","url":null,"abstract":"Human-centred design has been conceptualised as the simultaneous splitting and synthesising of the human and the technology, for the purpose of reconfiguring orders and positions of people and things within organisational innovation practices. Describing this function of design as an intervention, the paper makes visible the designer subject position being enacted as the mediating of different knowledges within the technohuman designer body. Using these insights into design practices, a reconceptionalisation is proposed, away from the current individual designerly agency of the technohuman designer, towards an intervention through collaborative technohuman reconfiguration by design.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132656016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dave Murray-Rust, K. Gorkovenko, D. Burnett, Daniel Richards
In this work, we develop a vision for entangled ethnography, where constellations of people, artefacts, algorithms and data come together to collectively make sense of the relations between people and objects. This is grounded in New Materialism’s picture of a world understood through entanglement, through resonant constellations, through a multiplicity of unique individual viewpoints and their relationships. These perspectives are especially relevant for design ethnography, in particular for research around smart connected products, which collect data about their environment, the networks they are a part of, and the ways they are used. However, we are concerned about the current trend of many connected systems towards surveillance capitalism, as data is colonised, machinations are hidden, and a narrow definition of value is extracted. There is a key tension that while design, particularly of networked objects, attempts to go beyond human centeredness, the infrastructures that support it are moving towards a less than human perspective in their race to accumulate and dispossess. Our work tries to imagine the situations where participants in networked systems are richly engaged, rather than exploited. We hope for a future where human agency is central to a respectful and acceptable collaborative development of understanding.
{"title":"Entangled Ethnography: Towards a collective future understanding","authors":"Dave Murray-Rust, K. Gorkovenko, D. Burnett, Daniel Richards","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363405","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we develop a vision for entangled ethnography, where constellations of people, artefacts, algorithms and data come together to collectively make sense of the relations between people and objects. This is grounded in New Materialism’s picture of a world understood through entanglement, through resonant constellations, through a multiplicity of unique individual viewpoints and their relationships. These perspectives are especially relevant for design ethnography, in particular for research around smart connected products, which collect data about their environment, the networks they are a part of, and the ways they are used. However, we are concerned about the current trend of many connected systems towards surveillance capitalism, as data is colonised, machinations are hidden, and a narrow definition of value is extracted. There is a key tension that while design, particularly of networked objects, attempts to go beyond human centeredness, the infrastructures that support it are moving towards a less than human perspective in their race to accumulate and dispossess. Our work tries to imagine the situations where participants in networked systems are richly engaged, rather than exploited. We hope for a future where human agency is central to a respectful and acceptable collaborative development of understanding.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114431912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Creating visual imagery helps us to situate ourselves within unknown worlds, processes, make connections, and find solutions. By exploring drawn ideas for novel technologies, we can examine the implications of their place in the world. Drawing, or sketching, for future inquiry in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) can be a stand-alone investigative approach, part of a wider ‘world-building’ in design fiction, or simply ideation around a concept. By examining instances of existing practice in HCI, in this paper we establish recommendations and rationales for those wishing to utilise sketching and drawing within their research. We examine approaches ranging from ideation, diagramming, scenario building, comics creation and artistic representation to create a model for sketching and drawing as future inquiry for HCI. This work also reflects on the ways in which these arts can inform and elucidate research and practice in HCI, and makes recommendations for the field, within its teaching, processes and outcomes.
{"title":"Sketching & Drawing as Future Inquiry in HCI","authors":"M. Sturdee, Joseph Lindley","doi":"10.1145/3363384.3363402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363402","url":null,"abstract":"Creating visual imagery helps us to situate ourselves within unknown worlds, processes, make connections, and find solutions. By exploring drawn ideas for novel technologies, we can examine the implications of their place in the world. Drawing, or sketching, for future inquiry in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) can be a stand-alone investigative approach, part of a wider ‘world-building’ in design fiction, or simply ideation around a concept. By examining instances of existing practice in HCI, in this paper we establish recommendations and rationales for those wishing to utilise sketching and drawing within their research. We examine approaches ranging from ideation, diagramming, scenario building, comics creation and artistic representation to create a model for sketching and drawing as future inquiry for HCI. This work also reflects on the ways in which these arts can inform and elucidate research and practice in HCI, and makes recommendations for the field, within its teaching, processes and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":281851,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Halfway to the Future Symposium 2019","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126155725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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