Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-441-7/012
E. T. M. D. Arco
Verbal idioms are usually lemmatized in dictionaries with their infinitive form (eg., nacer de pie). However, some of them are eventually registered with their perfect infinitive form (eg., haber nacido de pie), conveying the idea that they are preferably used with compound or past tenses. Our hypothesis is that not all idioms of this type are actually used in the same way. To prove it, thirty idioms, lemmatized once at least by the perfect infinitive, have been extracted from five different European Spanish phraseological dictionaries. The information collected is compared with the data obtained from a web text corpus. The main results are: firstly, the chosen lemma sign does not always correspond to the actual use of several idioms; secondly, there are clear differences among dictionaries regarding the treatment that they give to this kind of idioms; thirdly, it seems not to be a common pattern even within the same dictionary; finally, the information provided by a lemma sign sometimes does not fit properly with the definition and/or the example.
动词性成语在字典中通常采用不定式形式(例如:(nacer de pie)。然而，其中一些词最终以完成不定式形式登记(例如。(haber nacido de pie)，表达了它们最好与复合或过去时一起使用的想法。我们的假设是，并非所有这种类型的习语实际上都以相同的方式使用。为了证明这一点，我们从五本不同的欧洲西班牙语短语词典中提取了三十个习语，这些习语至少有一次是由完成不定式构成的。将收集到的信息与从web文本语料库中获得的数据进行比较。主要结果是:首先，所选择的引理符号并不总是与几个习语的实际使用相对应;其次，各词典对这类习语的处理方式存在明显差异;第三，即使在同一本词典中，它似乎也不是一个常见的模式;最后，引理符号提供的信息有时不适合定义和/或例子。
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Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-441-7/015
Pilar Valero Fernández, Iva Lončar
Managing and using different dictionaries confirm that, automatically, many of them contain phraseological units in their entries and/or sub-entries. However, in some cases, phraseological units are understood in a lax way, as it can be seen in the preface of some dictionaries; as a result, they (dis)appear inside a lexicographical work in disparate ways. For this reason, the present paper aims at analysing the lexicographical treatment of nominal idioms in two dictionaries published by the Spanish Royal Academy (RAE) and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (ASALE): Diccionario de Americanismos (DA, 2010) and Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DLE, 2014). In order to achieve this purpose, this study focuses on a corpus of nominal phraseological units and compares the categorical, diatopic and semantic data concerning these units in the two dictionaries considered.
管理和使用不同的字典可以自动确认，其中许多字典在其条目和/或子条目中包含短语单位。然而，在某些情况下，短语单位的理解是松散的，正如在一些词典的序言中可以看到的那样;因此，它们(不)以不同的方式出现在词典编纂工作中。因此，本文旨在分析西班牙皇家学院(RAE)和西班牙语学院协会(ASALE)出版的两本词典中对名义习语的词典编纂处理:Diccionario de americismos (DA, 2010)和Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DLE, 2014)。为了达到这一目的，本研究重点研究了一个名义用语单位语料库，并比较了两本词典中有关这些单位的范畴、自然和语义数据。
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Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-441-7/005
C. Lizárraga
This paper aims to open a space for the study of phraseology from historiography, specifically, the Peruvian linguistic historiography related to the dictionaries and lexical studies, that is, the theoretical lexicography of the Peruvian Spanish. Since the early recollection of the Peruvian colloquial expressions by Juan de Arona (1883), going through the studies of Benvenutto Murrieta (1936), the glossary of Vargas Ugarte (1953) and the most recent dictionaries of local Peruvian Spanish, one notices the treatment that the proverbs have received in Peruvian lexicography. The interest for understanding the creation and evolution of the phraseological utterances and the figure of Ricardo Palma, as well as his presence in the Peruvian slang, is observed. The register of set phrases seems to have started with the perception of some phraseological variants before the lexicographers realized the existence of its own original phraseology.
本文旨在开辟一个从史学角度研究语词学的空间，特别是与词典和词汇研究相关的秘鲁语言史学，即秘鲁西班牙语的理论词典学。从Juan de Arona(1883)对秘鲁口语表达的早期回忆开始，通过Benvenutto Murrieta(1936)的研究，Vargas Ugarte(1953)的词汇表和最近的秘鲁当地西班牙语词典，人们注意到秘鲁词典编纂中对谚语的处理。观察到对理解短语话语和里卡多·帕尔马的形象的创造和演变的兴趣，以及他在秘鲁俚语中的存在。在词典编纂者意识到自己的原始短语的存在之前，套语域似乎开始于对一些短语变体的感知。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-441-7/001
M. Sánchez
In Spanish, there are locutions with a homophonous literal counterpart, or, in other words, polisemous expressions that can be analysed in two different ways in virtue of their meaning. The literal counterpart can be a free construction or syntagm, as tirar la toalla; a compound, such as perro faldero; a lexical collocation, such as tocar el violín; or a verb construction composed by a light verb, as dar una lección. In this sense, these expressions have two means of categorization according to both senses, and thus belong to different fields: phraseology, morphology, syntax. Obviously, they have different grammatical structure. We had named them “expressions of double linguistic nationality”. Furthermore, there are locutions with only idiomatic sense, as tirar la casa por la ventana ‘to spare no expenses’, and polisemous ones with two or more idiomatic senses without literal counterpart, as dar de ojos ‘to make a mistake’, ‘to fall flat on someone’s face’, ‘to come across someone’. All the examples have been taken from DLE.
在西班牙语中，有一些言语与谐音的字面对应，或者换句话说，礼貌的表达可以根据其含义以两种不同的方式进行分析。字面对应可以是自由结构或语法，如tirar la toalla;一种化合物，如perro faldero;词汇搭配，如tocar el violín;或由轻动词组成的动词结构，如dar una lección。从这个意义上说，这些表达根据两种意义有两种分类方法，因此属于不同的领域:短语、形态学、句法。显然，它们有不同的语法结构。我们将其命名为“双重语言民族性表达”。此外，还有一些短语只有习惯意义，如tirar la casa por la ventana，意思是“不节省开支”;还有一些短语有两个或两个以上的习惯意义，没有字面上的对应，如dar de ojos，意思是“犯错误”，“摔在某人脸上”，“遇到某人”。所有的例子都取自DLE。
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