Calixresorcinarenes and calixarenes have seen extensive usage as receptors for cations, anions and even neutral molecules. Incorporation of binding capabilities and chemical groups that respond to analytes complexation has given these macrocycles additional advantages in applications as efficient selective chemical sensors. Three major types of macrocyclic calixresorcinarenes namely C-dec-9-en-1-ylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 11U), C-trans-2, cis-6-octa-1,5-dien-1-ylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 9U) and C-nonylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 10) were synthesized. They differ in the alkyl/alkenyl side chains. They were characterized by different techniques (melting point measurements, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy FT-IR, Thermal Gravimetric analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry coupled with Mass Spectrometry TG-DSC-MS, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy NMR, and Powder X-Ray Diffraction measurements PXRD). Calixresorcinarene derivatives, immobilized onto Au surfaces of quartz crystal resonators, have been successfully applied to detect the presence of lead in aqueous solution.
{"title":"Application of Calixresorcinarenes as Chemical Sensors","authors":"L. Eddaif, A. Shaban, J. Telegdi, J. Telegdi","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06166","url":null,"abstract":"Calixresorcinarenes and calixarenes have seen extensive usage as receptors for cations, anions and even neutral molecules. Incorporation of binding capabilities and chemical groups that respond to analytes complexation has given these macrocycles additional advantages in applications as efficient selective chemical sensors. Three major types of macrocyclic calixresorcinarenes namely C-dec-9-en-1-ylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 11U), C-trans-2, cis-6-octa-1,5-dien-1-ylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 9U) and C-nonylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 10) were synthesized. They differ in the alkyl/alkenyl side chains. They were characterized by different techniques (melting point measurements, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy FT-IR, Thermal Gravimetric analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry coupled with Mass Spectrometry TG-DSC-MS, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy NMR, and Powder X-Ray Diffraction measurements PXRD). Calixresorcinarene derivatives, immobilized onto Au surfaces of quartz crystal resonators, have been successfully applied to detect the presence of lead in aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133777923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taehee Kim, Miri Kim, W. Lee, Hyeon‐Gook Kim, Choong‐Sun Lim, Bongkuk Seo
Epoxy resins are widely applicable in the aircraft, automobile, coating, and adhesive industries because of their good chemical resistance and excellent mechanical and thermal properties. However, upon external impact, the crack propagation of epoxy polymers weakens the overall impact resistance of these materials. Therefore, many impact modifiers have been developed to reduce the brittleness of epoxy polymers. Polyurethanes, as impact modifiers, can improve the toughness of polymers. Although it is well known that polyurethanes (PUs) are phase-separated in the polymer matrix after curing, connecting PUs to the polymer matrix for enhancing the mechanical properties of polymers has proven to be challenging. In this study, we introduced epoxy functional groups into polyol backbones, which is different from other studies that focused on modifying capping agents to achieve a network structure between the polymer matrix and PU. We confirmed the molecular weight of the prepared PU via gel permeation chromatography. Moreover, the prepared material was added to the epoxies and the resulting mechanical and thermal properties of the materials were evaluated. Furthermore, we conducted tensile, flexural strength, and impact resistance measurements. The addition of PU to the epoxy compositions enhanced their impact strength and maintained their mechanical strength up to 10 phr of PU. Furthermore, the morphologies observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy proved that the PU was phase separated in the epoxy matrix.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of a Polyurethane Phase Separated to Nano Size in Epoxy Polymer","authors":"Taehee Kim, Miri Kim, W. Lee, Hyeon‐Gook Kim, Choong‐Sun Lim, Bongkuk Seo","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06162","url":null,"abstract":"Epoxy resins are widely applicable in the aircraft, automobile, coating, and adhesive industries because of their good chemical resistance and excellent mechanical and thermal properties. However, upon external impact, the crack propagation of epoxy polymers weakens the overall impact resistance of these materials. Therefore, many impact modifiers have been developed to reduce the brittleness of epoxy polymers. Polyurethanes, as impact modifiers, can improve the toughness of polymers. Although it is well known that polyurethanes (PUs) are phase-separated in the polymer matrix after curing, connecting PUs to the polymer matrix for enhancing the mechanical properties of polymers has proven to be challenging. In this study, we introduced epoxy functional groups into polyol backbones, which is different from other studies that focused on modifying capping agents to achieve a network structure between the polymer matrix and PU. We confirmed the molecular weight of the prepared PU via gel permeation chromatography. Moreover, the prepared material was added to the epoxies and the resulting mechanical and thermal properties of the materials were evaluated. Furthermore, we conducted tensile, flexural strength, and impact resistance measurements. The addition of PU to the epoxy compositions enhanced their impact strength and maintained their mechanical strength up to 10 phr of PU. Furthermore, the morphologies observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy proved that the PU was phase separated in the epoxy matrix.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121287258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanocrystalline grains have proven to be excellent reinforcing elements in nanostructured particulate materials. On the other hand, carbon allotropes, especially graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT), exhibit elastic modulus in the range of 1 TPa (theoretical) and tensile strength in multiple orders greater than that of steel. This study aims at synthesizing high-strength nanostructured ceramic-metallic (cermet) particle feedstock in a high-energy mechanical alloying (HE-MA) process based on an Al-graphene composite comprehensive design-of-experiments (DoE). The goal is to optimize milling process parameters, including milling time, batch composition, ball-to-power (BPR) ratio, and milling agent, for the particles to be eventually fed into a high-pressure cold spray coatings development. The milled powders are characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, and laser particle diffractometer to study the morphology and microstructure, elemental composition, grain size and crystal orientation, and particle size distribution (PSD), respectively. Results show it was possible to attain required structure and PSD at a 10:1 BPR with 5-mm diameter ball, at 1200 rpm, and 4 h of milling.
{"title":"Study on the effect of milling parameters on HE-MA nanostructured Al-Graphene cermet particles","authors":"J. Sripada, Megil F. Gallant, G. Saha","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06160","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline grains have proven to be excellent reinforcing elements in nanostructured particulate materials. On the other hand, carbon allotropes, especially graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT), exhibit elastic modulus in the range of 1 TPa (theoretical) and tensile strength in multiple orders greater than that of steel. This study aims at synthesizing high-strength nanostructured ceramic-metallic (cermet) particle feedstock in a high-energy mechanical alloying (HE-MA) process based on an Al-graphene composite comprehensive design-of-experiments (DoE). The goal is to optimize milling process parameters, including milling time, batch composition, ball-to-power (BPR) ratio, and milling agent, for the particles to be eventually fed into a high-pressure cold spray coatings development. The milled powders are characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, and laser particle diffractometer to study the morphology and microstructure, elemental composition, grain size and crystal orientation, and particle size distribution (PSD), respectively. Results show it was possible to attain required structure and PSD at a 10:1 BPR with 5-mm diameter ball, at 1200 rpm, and 4 h of milling.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122960869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter Giurlani, Patrick Marcantelli, Francesco Benelli, Daniele Bottacci, F. Gambinossi, M. Passaponti, Emanuele Salvietti, A. Luca, M. Innocenti
Corrosion testing is a very important step in quality control for metal industrial processes. Especially for electroplated goods, corrosion resistance is a primary indicator of surface quality. International Standard Organization has established several standards that use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), alone or combined with other electrochemical techniques, to determine corrosion resistance of metal surfaces such ISO 16773 for testing coated and uncoated metallic specimens and ISO 17463 specially designed for organic-coated metal surfaces. EIS is a versatile procedure for the accelerated evaluation of the anti-corrosion performance of coatings: unlike other standard procedures is generally a non-destructive method. EIS works applying an electrical sinusoidal perturbation with a fixed frequency and measuring electrical impedance Z of the sample. Measuring impedance at different frequencies and analysing the data it is possible to postulate the structure of an equivalent circuit and extract corrosion resistance data. This approach is commonly used for high-impedance coatings, in this study we will explore EIS as well as the OCP measurement, the corrosion current and other techniques to find the best option for low-impedance metallic coatings analysis. The objective of this study is to develop a method to determine corrosion resistance for electroplated goods that can give results as reliable as other more diffuse and traditional destructive corrosion testing techniques (such as corrosion tests in artificial atmosphere ISO 9227 and ISO 17228) with a non-destructive process and in a fair less amount of time.
{"title":"Corrosion Resistance Test of Electroplated Metals using Fast Electrochemical Non-Destructive Analysis","authors":"Walter Giurlani, Patrick Marcantelli, Francesco Benelli, Daniele Bottacci, F. Gambinossi, M. Passaponti, Emanuele Salvietti, A. Luca, M. Innocenti","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06159","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion testing is a very important step in quality control for metal industrial processes. Especially for electroplated goods, corrosion resistance is a primary indicator of surface quality. International Standard Organization has established several standards that use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), alone or combined with other electrochemical techniques, to determine corrosion resistance of metal surfaces such ISO 16773 for testing coated and uncoated metallic specimens and ISO 17463 specially designed for organic-coated metal surfaces. EIS is a versatile procedure for the accelerated evaluation of the anti-corrosion performance of coatings: unlike other standard procedures is generally a non-destructive method. EIS works applying an electrical sinusoidal perturbation with a fixed frequency and measuring electrical impedance Z of the sample. Measuring impedance at different frequencies and analysing the data it is possible to postulate the structure of an equivalent circuit and extract corrosion resistance data. This approach is commonly used for high-impedance coatings, in this study we will explore EIS as well as the OCP measurement, the corrosion current and other techniques to find the best option for low-impedance metallic coatings analysis. The objective of this study is to develop a method to determine corrosion resistance for electroplated goods that can give results as reliable as other more diffuse and traditional destructive corrosion testing techniques (such as corrosion tests in artificial atmosphere ISO 9227 and ISO 17228) with a non-destructive process and in a fair less amount of time.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133665604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Clavería, Aleida Lostalé, C. Zubizarreta, G. Mendoza, Á. Fernández, P. Castell, Daniel Elduque
This paper focuses on tribological behavior of ZrCN coating on bearing steel substrates DIN 17230, 100Cr6 / 1.3505, fulfilling also roughness and adherence requirements. Two strategies are followed to achieve a reduction of coefficient of friction. Initially, a low roughness coating by using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD sputtering process) is developed. At this stage, PVD conditions guarantying adherence step and avoiding drops generated during that process are achieved. A second strategy consisting of application of several polish post-processes is proposed. These polish post-processes pretend to reduce roughness keeping, at the same time, a proper adherence. Different post-process durations and conditions are analysed to achieve positive adherence results. Coated bearing samples obtained from the application of these two strategies are tested in friction test rigs. These tests concluded that there is not a significant improvement of friction performance by applying ZrCN coatings compared to bearing baseline.
{"title":"Enhancement of Tribological Behavior of ZrCN Coating","authors":"I. Clavería, Aleida Lostalé, C. Zubizarreta, G. Mendoza, Á. Fernández, P. Castell, Daniel Elduque","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06158","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on tribological behavior of ZrCN coating on bearing steel substrates DIN 17230, 100Cr6 / 1.3505, fulfilling also roughness and adherence requirements. Two strategies are followed to achieve a reduction of coefficient of friction. Initially, a low roughness coating by using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD sputtering process) is developed. At this stage, PVD conditions guarantying adherence step and avoiding drops generated during that process are achieved. A second strategy consisting of application of several polish post-processes is proposed. These polish post-processes pretend to reduce roughness keeping, at the same time, a proper adherence. Different post-process durations and conditions are analysed to achieve positive adherence results. Coated bearing samples obtained from the application of these two strategies are tested in friction test rigs. These tests concluded that there is not a significant improvement of friction performance by applying ZrCN coatings compared to bearing baseline.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132942581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Cazzola, S. Ferraris, V. Allizond, G. Banche, C. Bertea, G. G. D. Confiengo, C. Novara, A. Cochis, L. Rimondini, S. Spriano
Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures of natural molecules with a great activity against bacteria, virus and fungi. Despite their wide use in folk medicine, their employment in medicine or in biomedical products is still scarce and there are only few studies in literature. Their antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties are of interest for the development of coatings or functionalization of implant surfaces, but also for non-implantable medical devices, with the advantage of a reduced bacterial contamination, without the risk of developing bacteria resistance. For a first attempt, a peppermint essential oil was used in this research. The aim of the work was to functionalize or to coat the surface of different materials (Ti6Al4V, Steel 316L) with different surface finishing (grinded, polished, and chemically-treated). The obtained samples were characterized by means of XPS, FTIR, Fluorescent microscope observations and tape test. These analyses highlighted the presence of grafted oil biomolecules, or of a coating, on all the substrates after the procedure of functionalization/coating with remarkable chemical stability (during soaking in water or washing with acid or basic solutions) and mechanical adhesion. The samples were also subjected to antibacterial tests selected in order to simulate non-implantable applications: the test showed a reduction of the adherent bacteria and their viability on coated surfaces. In conclusion, the research work shows the great potential of the use of essential oils for surface functionalization or coating of biomaterials to obtain enhanced antibacterial properties: according to the final application, different oils can be selected in order to obtain the desired effects.
{"title":"Surface Coating and functionalization of Metallic Biomaterials with Essential Oils for Antibacterial Applications","authors":"M. Cazzola, S. Ferraris, V. Allizond, G. Banche, C. Bertea, G. G. D. Confiengo, C. Novara, A. Cochis, L. Rimondini, S. Spriano","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06156","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures of natural molecules with a great activity against bacteria, virus and fungi. Despite their wide use in folk medicine, their employment in medicine or in biomedical products is still scarce and there are only few studies in literature. Their antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties are of interest for the development of coatings or functionalization of implant surfaces, but also for non-implantable medical devices, with the advantage of a reduced bacterial contamination, without the risk of developing bacteria resistance. For a first attempt, a peppermint essential oil was used in this research. The aim of the work was to functionalize or to coat the surface of different materials (Ti6Al4V, Steel 316L) with different surface finishing (grinded, polished, and chemically-treated). The obtained samples were characterized by means of XPS, FTIR, Fluorescent microscope observations and tape test. These analyses highlighted the presence of grafted oil biomolecules, or of a coating, on all the substrates after the procedure of functionalization/coating with remarkable chemical stability (during soaking in water or washing with acid or basic solutions) and mechanical adhesion. The samples were also subjected to antibacterial tests selected in order to simulate non-implantable applications: the test showed a reduction of the adherent bacteria and their viability on coated surfaces. In conclusion, the research work shows the great potential of the use of essential oils for surface functionalization or coating of biomaterials to obtain enhanced antibacterial properties: according to the final application, different oils can be selected in order to obtain the desired effects.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"391 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122883664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetron sputtering is a useful tool for producing coatings on various substrates at low temperature. The use of an austenitic stainless steel target in a nitrogen-containing plasma mixture allows to obtain nanostructured coatings with the formation of the so-called S phase, supersaturated interstitial solid solution of nitrogen in the expanded and distorted austenite lattice, which shows improved hardness and higher corrosion resistance in comparison with the bulk alloy. In the present research, RF magnetron sputtering deposition of austenitic stainless steel coatings using an AISI 316L target in nitrogen-containing plasma gas was studied. The effect of the N2/Ar gas ratio and the deposition temperature on nitrogen content, phase composition and crystallite size is investigated by mean of XPS, XRD and electron microscopy analyses. The results show that the nitrogen content in the resulting deposit slightly depends on the N2/Ar ratio in the chamber during the deposition, reaching a maximum value of about 35% with a 30% N2/Ar gas composition mixture in the chamber. Data obtained on different substrates are presented and a preliminary evaluation of the corrosion resistance behaviour is also reported.
{"title":"Nitrogen Rich Stainless Steel Coatings Obtained by RF Sputtering Process","authors":"C. Borri, S. Caporali, F. Borgioli, E. Galvanetto","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06157","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetron sputtering is a useful tool for producing coatings on various substrates at low temperature. The use of an austenitic stainless steel target in a nitrogen-containing plasma mixture allows to obtain nanostructured coatings with the formation of the so-called S phase, supersaturated interstitial solid solution of nitrogen in the expanded and distorted austenite lattice, which shows improved hardness and higher corrosion resistance in comparison with the bulk alloy. In the present research, RF magnetron sputtering deposition of austenitic stainless steel coatings using an AISI 316L target in nitrogen-containing plasma gas was studied. The effect of the N2/Ar gas ratio and the deposition temperature on nitrogen content, phase composition and crystallite size is investigated by mean of XPS, XRD and electron microscopy analyses. The results show that the nitrogen content in the resulting deposit slightly depends on the N2/Ar ratio in the chamber during the deposition, reaching a maximum value of about 35% with a 30% N2/Ar gas composition mixture in the chamber. Data obtained on different substrates are presented and a preliminary evaluation of the corrosion resistance behaviour is also reported.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127092557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A car-roof photovoltaic has enormous potential to change our society. With this technology, 70% of a car can run on the solar energy collected by the solar panel on its roof. Since it is to be accepted the majority of the customers, it should be painted as the normal car-painting. This paper estimated the energy yield loss by the automotive painting and setting the goal of the energy conversion efficiency with coated photovoltaic on the car-roof. The estimation is not as simple as the spectroscopic transparency calculation but needs to consider angular weighting, the curvature of the panel, mismatching loss by the advanced multi-junction solar cells. To estimate the practical value of the target performance, we first monitored the PV module using three-junction solar cell (30 % efficiency) in outdoor for three years. We also developed the new energy yield model, because the conventional model only considers irradiance and temperature. The newly-developed model successfully explained the seasonal trend of the energy yield of the spectrum-and-angular sensitive three-junction photovoltaic module. We also combined the ray-tracing simulation for consideration of the curvature of the car-roof. With the new and validated (by 3 years) energy generation model, we could define the target base PV efficiency for several car-painting, like blue, gold, red, green and grey.
{"title":"Estimation of the range extension of the milage of the electric vehicles by the automotive-colored car-roof photovoltaic","authors":"K. Araki, M. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06154","url":null,"abstract":"A car-roof photovoltaic has enormous potential to change our society. With this technology, 70% of a car can run on the solar energy collected by the solar panel on its roof. \u0000Since it is to be accepted the majority of the customers, it should be painted as the normal car-painting. This paper estimated the energy yield loss by the automotive painting and setting the goal of the energy conversion efficiency with coated photovoltaic on the car-roof. \u0000 The estimation is not as simple as the spectroscopic transparency calculation but needs to consider angular weighting, the curvature of the panel, mismatching loss by the advanced multi-junction solar cells. To estimate the practical value of the target performance, we first monitored the PV module using three-junction solar cell (30 % efficiency) in outdoor for three years. We also developed the new energy yield model, because the conventional model only considers irradiance and temperature. \u0000The newly-developed model successfully explained the seasonal trend of the energy yield of the spectrum-and-angular sensitive three-junction photovoltaic module. We also combined the ray-tracing simulation for consideration of the curvature of the car-roof. With the new and validated (by 3 years) energy generation model, we could define the target base PV efficiency for several car-painting, like blue, gold, red, green and grey.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121122490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa Al-Asmar, C. Giosafatto, L. Panzella, L. Mariniello
The most disadvantage of the fried falafel balls are the highest level of acrylamide formed during Maillard reaction. Falafel balls are one of the largest deep fat frying fast food in the Middle East made basically of chickpeas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding transglutaminase (TG, E.C. 2.3.2.13) to the falafel dough followed or not by dipping into pectin (PEC 1%) coating solution. Acrylamide, oil and water content of the fried falafel balls treated or not by TG (5 or 20U/g of chickpea proteins) and coated or not with PEC-containing film forming solutions were evaluated. In addition, the texture profile analyses were carried out. We observed, by TOF LC/MS, that the acrylamide content was reduced, compared to control sample, by 10.8% and 34.4% in the samples set up by adding 5 and 20 U TG/g respectively. In PEC-coated samples, acrylamide reduction was about by 59%, 65.3% and 84.5%, in falafel balls prepared either without of TG or containing 5U or 20 U of the enzyme, respectively, suggesting that TG-mediated crosslinks increase the water content inside the falafel balls, thus, reducing the rate of Maillard reaction. However, TG treatment does not affect oil content, while the PEC coating reduces the oil uptake about 23.5%. Finally, no difference was observed between the control sample and the one dipped in PEC regarding their texture properties hardness, chewiness and gumminess, while these properties were influenced in samples set up in the presence of the enzyme.
油炸沙拉丸子最大的缺点是在美拉德反应中形成的丙烯酰胺含量最高。沙拉丸子是中东地区最大的油炸快餐之一，主要由鹰嘴豆制成。本研究主要目的是研究在沙拉三明治面团中加入转谷氨酰胺酶(TG, E.C. 2.3.2.13)后，是否浸在果胶(PEC 1%)包衣液中对面团的影响。测定了TG(鹰嘴豆蛋白5 u /g或20U/g)处理和未包覆pec成膜液处理的油炸沙拉丸子的丙烯酰胺、油和水含量。此外，还进行了织构轮廓分析。通过TOF LC/MS观察，添加5 U TG/g和20 U TG/g后，与对照样品相比，丙烯酰胺含量分别降低了10.8%和34.4%。在pec包膜样品中，不含TG和含5U和20u酶的沙拉三明治球中丙烯酰胺的还原率分别为59%、65.3%和84.5%，表明TG介导的交联增加了沙拉三明治球内部的含水量，从而降低了美拉德反应的速率。然而，TG处理对含油量没有影响，而PEC涂层使含油量降低了约23.5%。最后，对照样品和浸泡在PEC中的样品在质地、硬度、咀嚼性和粘性方面没有差异，而这些特性在酶存在的情况下会受到影响。
{"title":"Improving the health quality of fried falafel (Middle Eastern food) by using transglutaminase and/or pectin coating","authors":"Asmaa Al-Asmar, C. Giosafatto, L. Panzella, L. Mariniello","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06152","url":null,"abstract":"The most disadvantage of the fried falafel balls are the highest level of acrylamide formed during Maillard reaction. Falafel balls are one of the largest deep fat frying fast food in the Middle East made basically of chickpeas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding transglutaminase (TG, E.C. 2.3.2.13) to the falafel dough followed or not by dipping into pectin (PEC 1%) coating solution. Acrylamide, oil and water content of the fried falafel balls treated or not by TG (5 or 20U/g of chickpea proteins) and coated or not with PEC-containing film forming solutions were evaluated. In addition, the texture profile analyses were carried out. We observed, by TOF LC/MS, that the acrylamide content was reduced, compared to control sample, by 10.8% and 34.4% in the samples set up by adding 5 and 20 U TG/g respectively. In PEC-coated samples, acrylamide reduction was about by 59%, 65.3% and 84.5%, in falafel balls prepared either without of TG or containing 5U or 20 U of the enzyme, respectively, suggesting that TG-mediated crosslinks increase the water content inside the falafel balls, thus, reducing the rate of Maillard reaction. However, TG treatment does not affect oil content, while the PEC coating reduces the oil uptake about 23.5%. Finally, no difference was observed between the control sample and the one dipped in PEC regarding their texture properties hardness, chewiness and gumminess, while these properties were influenced in samples set up in the presence of the enzyme.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124387131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Iribarren, P. J. Rivero, C. Berlanga, J. Palacio, S. Larumbe, J. Goicoechea, R. Rodríguez
In this work, the electrospinning technique is used for the synthesis of micro/nanofibers using a polymeric precursor with hydrophobic (even superhydrophobic) behaviour such as polystyrene (PS) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These electrospun fibers are deposited onto aluminum substrates (6061T6). The effect of varying the different electrospinning deposition parameters (mostly applied voltage and flow-rate) will be exhaustively analyzed in order to optimize the resultant electrospun coatings. Several fiber characterization tests have been performed, including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Termogravimetric analysis (TGA), Optical Microscopy (OM) and Water Contact Angle (WCA) measurements. Furthermore, the anti-corrosion properties of these electrospun coatings can be enhanced by the addition of metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) which act as corrosion inhibitors. Finally, electrochemical corrosion tests (Tafel and pitting tests) have been perfomed, showing an improvement in the resultant corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloys coated by the combination of both polymeric film with metal oxide inorganic nanoparticles.
{"title":"Implementation of superhydrophobic PS electrospun nano/microfibers for corrosion protection of aluminum substrates","authors":"A. Iribarren, P. J. Rivero, C. Berlanga, J. Palacio, S. Larumbe, J. Goicoechea, R. Rodríguez","doi":"10.3390/CIWC2019-06153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/CIWC2019-06153","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the electrospinning technique is used for the synthesis of micro/nanofibers using a polymeric precursor with hydrophobic (even superhydrophobic) behaviour such as polystyrene (PS) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These electrospun fibers are deposited onto aluminum substrates (6061T6). The effect of varying the different electrospinning deposition parameters (mostly applied voltage and flow-rate) will be exhaustively analyzed in order to optimize the resultant electrospun coatings. Several fiber characterization tests have been performed, including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Termogravimetric analysis (TGA), Optical Microscopy (OM) and Water Contact Angle (WCA) measurements. Furthermore, the anti-corrosion properties of these electrospun coatings can be enhanced by the addition of metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) which act as corrosion inhibitors. Finally, electrochemical corrosion tests (Tafel and pitting tests) have been perfomed, showing an improvement in the resultant corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloys coated by the combination of both polymeric film with metal oxide inorganic nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":285787,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference","volume":"755 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123874136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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