Pub Date : 2021-03-11DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198714545.003.0014
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 14 of Performing Music Research presents the key features of the final written research report. It considers how to get started, the use of appropriate structure and headings, the importance of identifying limitations and further research, and referencing sources. Acknowledging that music researchers need to communicate in many ways, the chapter also introduces four further means of disseminating research: informal and formal feedback to participants; conference proceedings, which form the basis for spoken, poster, and speed presentations at conferences; peer-reviewed published journal articles; and communication with those outside the academic world such as practitioners and policy-makers. It discusses the use of broadcast, print, and social media, emphasizing the need to engage different target audiences creatively.
{"title":"Communication and dissemination","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198714545.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198714545.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 14 of Performing Music Research presents the key features of the final written research report. It considers how to get started, the use of appropriate structure and headings, the importance of identifying limitations and further research, and referencing sources. Acknowledging that music researchers need to communicate in many ways, the chapter also introduces four further means of disseminating research: informal and formal feedback to participants; conference proceedings, which form the basis for spoken, poster, and speed presentations at conferences; peer-reviewed published journal articles; and communication with those outside the academic world such as practitioners and policy-makers. It discusses the use of broadcast, print, and social media, emphasizing the need to engage different target audiences creatively.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126612300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0006
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 6 of Performing Music Research sets out the characteristic features of research interviews, introducing four types of interview: open interviews, which often arise spontaneously or informally and which are largely unstructured or explore an overarching topic of interest; semi-structured interviews, an approach often taken in music research that relies on a predetermined yet flexible set of principal questions; structured interviews, which make use of fixed and unchangeable questions within an entirely predetermined format; and focus group interviews, which take place with groups of participants rather than individuals. The chapter addresses some of the challenges of using different types of interviews, presents ways to design and conduct interviews effectively, and considers ways to write about and report them.
{"title":"Interviews","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 of Performing Music Research sets out the characteristic features of research interviews, introducing four types of interview: open interviews, which often arise spontaneously or informally and which are largely unstructured or explore an overarching topic of interest; semi-structured interviews, an approach often taken in music research that relies on a predetermined yet flexible set of principal questions; structured interviews, which make use of fixed and unchangeable questions within an entirely predetermined format; and focus group interviews, which take place with groups of participants rather than individuals. The chapter addresses some of the challenges of using different types of interviews, presents ways to design and conduct interviews effectively, and considers ways to write about and report them.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122365405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0008
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 8 of Performing Music Research examines the experiment as a means of assessing new ideas and initiatives, producing evidence that can support crucial developments in the lives and education of musicians. It outlines several key types of experiment, defined by how people are divided into groups, what those groups do, and how those groups are compared; it also considers how experimental strategies can be used to examine changes in an individual over a period of time. The chapter discusses guidelines for the effective design and conduct of experiments. Finally, it describes how to document the method and how to achieve rigor and validity in experimental research.
{"title":"Experiments","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 8 of Performing Music Research examines the experiment as a means of assessing new ideas and initiatives, producing evidence that can support crucial developments in the lives and education of musicians. It outlines several key types of experiment, defined by how people are divided into groups, what those groups do, and how those groups are compared; it also considers how experimental strategies can be used to examine changes in an individual over a period of time. The chapter discusses guidelines for the effective design and conduct of experiments. Finally, it describes how to document the method and how to achieve rigor and validity in experimental research.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122679725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0001
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 1 of Performing Music Research considers how to develop effective research questions, outlining ways of formulating them so that they are clear and answerable. Different assumptions about the world underlie different research questions, which in turn seek different kinds of knowledge. Therefore, when designing research, it is essential to understand the nature of the knowledge that is to be generated. The chapter explores some of the ways in which this understanding can be framed in a study and shows how it feeds into and shapes the whole process of research design.
{"title":"Research questions","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1 of Performing Music Research considers how to develop effective research questions, outlining ways of formulating them so that they are clear and answerable. Different assumptions about the world underlie different research questions, which in turn seek different kinds of knowledge. Therefore, when designing research, it is essential to understand the nature of the knowledge that is to be generated. The chapter explores some of the ways in which this understanding can be framed in a study and shows how it feeds into and shapes the whole process of research design.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116418511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0010
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 10 of Performing Music Research sets out the fundamental principles that underpin all statistics. Statistics must be used with care, and strict conditions govern their deployment, many of which have to be considered in the earliest stages of research. The chapter discusses techniques for organizing, describing, and summarizing data. It introduces the concepts of central tendency and variability, as it is essential for carrying out statistical tests to know the difference between means, medians, and modes, and when and how to use them, and to understand how data vary within, as well as between, samples.
{"title":"Descriptive statistics","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 10 of Performing Music Research sets out the fundamental principles that underpin all statistics. Statistics must be used with care, and strict conditions govern their deployment, many of which have to be considered in the earliest stages of research. The chapter discusses techniques for organizing, describing, and summarizing data. It introduces the concepts of central tendency and variability, as it is essential for carrying out statistical tests to know the difference between means, medians, and modes, and when and how to use them, and to understand how data vary within, as well as between, samples.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125481180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0003
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 3 of Performing Music Research explores the guiding principles on which ethical codes are based. These can be summarized as follows: people should not be harmed, nor their rights and dignity compromised, and research must be of scientific value and carried out with integrity. These issues must be considered and addressed in the earliest stages of research and in light of the potential benefits of the findings of the research to society. The chapter reflects on the philosophical underpinnings of ethical research and outlines the process whereby ethical approval is typically sought and obtained, with reference to a selection of codes of research ethics published by professional associations and regulatory bodies that guide and inform research activity.
{"title":"Research ethics","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 3 of Performing Music Research explores the guiding principles on which ethical codes are based. These can be summarized as follows: people should not be harmed, nor their rights and dignity compromised, and research must be of scientific value and carried out with integrity. These issues must be considered and addressed in the earliest stages of research and in light of the potential benefits of the findings of the research to society. The chapter reflects on the philosophical underpinnings of ethical research and outlines the process whereby ethical approval is typically sought and obtained, with reference to a selection of codes of research ethics published by professional associations and regulatory bodies that guide and inform research activity.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130634405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0005
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 5 of Performing Music Research focuses on three different types of documents, beginning with pre-existing written, audio, and audiovisual documentation. First, the chapter gives examples of pre-existing documents, such as program notes, which can be used in studies as research data in their own right and as stimuli for research. Second, it considers documentation created specifically for research purposes. This includes recordings of music making, which are a rich source of information in music research, and diaries—whether written, audio, or audiovisual. Third, it considers drawings and other forms of visual representation. Throughout, the chapter highlights the possibilities of obtaining insights from documentary data by using newly developed technologies.
{"title":"Documentation","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5 of Performing Music Research focuses on three different types of documents, beginning with pre-existing written, audio, and audiovisual documentation. First, the chapter gives examples of pre-existing documents, such as program notes, which can be used in studies as research data in their own right and as stimuli for research. Second, it considers documentation created specifically for research purposes. This includes recordings of music making, which are a rich source of information in music research, and diaries—whether written, audio, or audiovisual. Third, it considers drawings and other forms of visual representation. Throughout, the chapter highlights the possibilities of obtaining insights from documentary data by using newly developed technologies.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129322536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0002
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 2 of Performing Music Research reviews three methodological approaches: qualitative, quantitative, and multistrategy. While all three approaches can be used to shed light on musical topics, qualitative approaches tend to elicit an understanding of individuals’ idiosyncratic perspectives and experiences, whereas quantitative approaches tend to focus on larger-scale, more generalizable explanations. The chapter considers the main features of these two approaches and addresses the increasing body of work combining qualitative and quantitative forms of enquiry in multistrategy research. It delves deeper into each of the three methodological approaches to illuminate some of the specific strategies associated with them, ranging from the ethnographic exploration of musical cultures to experimental studies testing the very latest innovations in the field.
{"title":"Methodological approaches","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 2 of Performing Music Research reviews three methodological approaches: qualitative, quantitative, and multistrategy. While all three approaches can be used to shed light on musical topics, qualitative approaches tend to elicit an understanding of individuals’ idiosyncratic perspectives and experiences, whereas quantitative approaches tend to focus on larger-scale, more generalizable explanations. The chapter considers the main features of these two approaches and addresses the increasing body of work combining qualitative and quantitative forms of enquiry in multistrategy research. It delves deeper into each of the three methodological approaches to illuminate some of the specific strategies associated with them, ranging from the ethnographic exploration of musical cultures to experimental studies testing the very latest innovations in the field.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125214813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0009
A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell
Chapter 9 of Performing Music Research introduces the characteristics of qualitative analysis, focusing on the interpretative role of the researcher. Given that large volumes of information are typically collected in qualitative enquiry, the chapter presents ways of organizing and storing data and discusses the strengths and limitations of computer-assisted analysis. It goes on to discuss three types of qualitative analysis: thematic analysis, suitable for identifying patterns of meaning across data collected from multiple participants; interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), suitable for understanding the lived experience of individual participants; and qualitative synthesis, suitable for developing a holistic account based on a synthesis of the data. Throughout, the chapter explains how to report qualitative results efficiently and effectively.
{"title":"Qualitative analysis","authors":"A. Williamon, J. Ginsborg, R. Perkins, G. Waddell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 9 of Performing Music Research introduces the characteristics of qualitative analysis, focusing on the interpretative role of the researcher. Given that large volumes of information are typically collected in qualitative enquiry, the chapter presents ways of organizing and storing data and discusses the strengths and limitations of computer-assisted analysis. It goes on to discuss three types of qualitative analysis: thematic analysis, suitable for identifying patterns of meaning across data collected from multiple participants; interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), suitable for understanding the lived experience of individual participants; and qualitative synthesis, suitable for developing a holistic account based on a synthesis of the data. Throughout, the chapter explains how to report qualitative results efficiently and effectively.","PeriodicalId":285861,"journal":{"name":"Performing Music Research","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123036695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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