Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6498
Valentina Grancharova, S. Lutzkanova
Globalization, continuous introduction of modern technologies, computerization of performed working operations and digitization of information exchange are results from commercialization of services offered. The purpose of this article is to provide a vision for future efforts in field of maritime high education and training, in order to improve skills and capabilities of next seafarers generation.
{"title":"Challenges to contemporary maritime building","authors":"Valentina Grancharova, S. Lutzkanova","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6498","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization, continuous introduction of modern technologies, computerization of performed working operations and digitization of information exchange are results from commercialization of services offered. The purpose of this article is to provide a vision for future efforts in field of maritime high education and training, in order to improve skills and capabilities of next seafarers generation.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132582839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6500
G. Georgiev
This paper gives a brief description of a new type of floating caisson, structure, applicable in hydrotechnical construction of facilities subjected to heavy loadings in water areas, practically by every kind of a baseplate in shallow and deep water. The caisson has a prismatic or cylindrical form and no bottom. It is divided in vertical chambers and is provided with top plate (cover). The caisson is transported in a floating condition to the lay place. It is possible to introduce slight corrections of the caisson trim and its exact laying on a particular place by varying the air pressure in the chambers. One of the most important things in the construction and operation of concrete-type pneumatic structures is to provide air- imperviousness of the structure for air pressure values up to 2 bar (0.2 MPa). It is believed that the reinforced concrete walls and slabs, properly executed and vibrated, are air-tight even without plaster on them. Nevertheless, the prescribed requirements for the insulation and the provision of airtightness of reinforced concrete must be fully met in combination with varying outside temperature and the constant impact of aggressive seawater.
{"title":"Air-imperviousness of reinforced concrete floating caisson type pneumo-structure","authors":"G. Georgiev","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a brief description of a new type of floating caisson, structure, applicable in hydrotechnical construction of facilities subjected to heavy loadings in water areas, practically by every kind of a baseplate in shallow and deep water. The caisson has a prismatic or cylindrical form and no bottom. It is divided in vertical chambers and is provided with top plate (cover). The caisson is transported in a floating condition to the lay place. It is possible to introduce slight corrections of the caisson trim and its exact laying on a particular place by varying the air pressure in the chambers. One of the most important things in the construction and operation of concrete-type pneumatic structures is to provide air- imperviousness of the structure for air pressure values up to 2 bar (0.2 MPa). It is believed that the reinforced concrete walls and slabs, properly executed and vibrated, are air-tight even without plaster on them. Nevertheless, the prescribed requirements for the insulation and the provision of airtightness of reinforced concrete must be fully met in combination with varying outside temperature and the constant impact of aggressive seawater.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125363397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6497
Zhelyazko Nikolov
The security of maritime critical infrastructure is of growing importance in the recent years. However, some trends in this area show that there are aspects of the security which are getting more significant. For example, Industrial Control Systems are becoming more exposed to cyber treats and in this paper some possibilities to increase their resistance are overviewed.
{"title":"Maritime critical infrastructure cybersecurity aspects overview","authors":"Zhelyazko Nikolov","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6497","url":null,"abstract":"The security of maritime critical infrastructure is of growing importance in the recent years. However, some trends in this area show that there are aspects of the security which are getting more significant. For example, Industrial Control Systems are becoming more exposed to cyber treats and in this paper some possibilities to increase their resistance are overviewed.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132743758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6499
Anna Karadencheva
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a complex integrity of abilities, behaviors and values, which is a key component in the successful realization of the individual in the conditions of the opportunities offered. As such significant determinant its study and application in the leadership training of cadets from Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy. The current article aims to study two of the components in Daniel Goleman’s emotional intelligence model and to clarify why it is necessary to apply them in the curriculum, how this would be done offering specific lecture and practice classes.
{"title":"Application of Daniel Goleman's model components for emotional intelligence in leadership training for NU Vaptsarov courses","authors":"Anna Karadencheva","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6499","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intelligence (EI) is a complex integrity of abilities, behaviors and values, which is a key component in the successful realization of the individual in the conditions of the opportunities offered. As such significant determinant its study and application in the leadership training of cadets from Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy. The current article aims to study two of the components in Daniel Goleman’s emotional intelligence model and to clarify why it is necessary to apply them in the curriculum, how this would be done offering specific lecture and practice classes.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122186841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6502
K. Gartsiyanova
Submarine springs have attracted people's attention from ancient times. Initially, the interest was directed to submarine groundwater known today as „submarine sources” and were commonly used for drinking and irrigation purposes. It has been found that fresh water from deep (Oligocene) faults has been found to be entering hydrocarbon gases known today as "submarine gas springs". The Black Sea is regarded as one of the most saturated areas with submarine springs and gas separating structures in the World. The article examines the status of submarine springs along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and the possibilities for their localization and practical use.
{"title":"Submarine springs on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast","authors":"K. Gartsiyanova","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.6502","url":null,"abstract":"Submarine springs have attracted people's attention from ancient times. Initially, the interest was directed to submarine groundwater known today as „submarine sources” and were commonly used for drinking and irrigation purposes. It has been found that fresh water from deep (Oligocene) faults has been found to be entering hydrocarbon gases known today as \"submarine gas springs\". The Black Sea is regarded as one of the most saturated areas with submarine springs and gas separating structures in the World. The article examines the status of submarine springs along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and the possibilities for their localization and practical use.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129711772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5816
Dimitar Trukhchev, Radostin Naydenov
Refined results from climatic seasonal averaging of data from multi-years in-situ measurements of fields of the water temperature T and salinity S are presented. The historical data set used consists of more than 21000 hydrological stations and is built on the base of information from SeaDataNet infrastructure. The vertical hydrological structure of the coastal, open shelf, continental slope, and deep-sea water in front of the Bulgarian coast stretching 32EsE is described. As distinct from both the most complete of the present-day hydrological arrays prepared by V. Tuzhilkin and V. Belokopitov on a regular horizontally mesh for the entire Black sea basin, in this study the water area is divided into several regions according to their hydrodynamical and oceanographical characteristics. The layer`s centers between next horizons: 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 120, 180, 250, 350, 500, 800, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2250 m are used describing the vertical peculiarities of T and S from the seasurface to the bottom. Principal features of the seasonal climatic variability of the thermohaline fields in the study water area are shown. The results obtained give possibility for assessments in wide range of fields relevant to external effects both from natural and anthropogenic character upon the marine environment.
{"title":"Vertical structure of seasonal climatic fields of the sea water temperature and salinity in front of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast","authors":"Dimitar Trukhchev, Radostin Naydenov","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5816","url":null,"abstract":"Refined results from climatic seasonal averaging of data from multi-years in-situ measurements of fields of the water temperature T and salinity S are presented. The historical data set used consists of more than 21000 hydrological stations and is built on the base of information from SeaDataNet infrastructure. The vertical hydrological structure of the coastal, open shelf, continental slope, and deep-sea water in front of the Bulgarian coast stretching 32EsE is described. As distinct from both the most complete of the present-day hydrological arrays prepared by V. Tuzhilkin and V. Belokopitov on a regular horizontally mesh for the entire Black sea basin, in this study the water area is divided into several regions according to their hydrodynamical and oceanographical characteristics. The layer`s centers between next horizons: 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 120, 180, 250, 350, 500, 800, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2250 m are used describing the vertical peculiarities of T and S from the seasurface to the bottom. Principal features of the seasonal climatic variability of the thermohaline fields in the study water area are shown. The results obtained give possibility for assessments in wide range of fields relevant to external effects both from natural and anthropogenic character upon the marine environment.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127854150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5821
T. Trayanov
The goal of this paper setting the rice growth the pollution of the Black Sea surface waters with macro synthetic plastic waste . Plastics accounted the major item of marine solid wastes which pollute the sea surface, sealed and beaches. The phenomenon „plastic cloud` is also analysed.
{"title":"Macrosynthetic plastic waste in the Black Sea surface waters and the phenomenon „plastic cloud`","authors":"T. Trayanov","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5821","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper setting the rice growth the pollution of the Black Sea surface waters with macro synthetic plastic waste . Plastics accounted the major item of marine solid wastes which pollute the sea surface, sealed and beaches. The phenomenon „plastic cloud` is also analysed.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115448422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5818
G. Georgiev
The prediction of the cutting force of the knives of contouring hydraulic structures of the sinking type (caisson) is not solved unambiguously in hydrotechnical science, and its pre-fixation is impossible without additional, costly bottom processing, which leads to limited use of contemporary and economical conversions such as large-diameter pilots, floating bottomless moorings and other gravitational hydraulic constructions with contour interactions with the bottom. The essence of the problem is to create a method of designing the basic contour of a new type of floating caisson, leveling a gear made up of one or more caissons, a continuous consolidation of the earth's foundation under the main caisson contour, pre-stressing of the ground foundation the main caisson contour with loads greater than operational in case of necessity of subsequent filling with another contractor by raising a water column above the average water level in the caissons working chambers after laying on the bottom, keeping the raised water volume above the average water level to the project elevation, redistributing the weight of the raised and retained water volume as a gravity fill in operating conditions.
{"title":"Method for preliminary crossing, niveling of flowering caisson type pneumo-structure and pressure of the Earth basis","authors":"G. Georgiev","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5818","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of the cutting force of the knives of contouring hydraulic structures of the sinking type (caisson) is not solved unambiguously in hydrotechnical science, and its pre-fixation is impossible without additional, costly bottom processing, which leads to limited use of contemporary and economical conversions such as large-diameter pilots, floating bottomless moorings and other gravitational hydraulic constructions with contour interactions with the bottom. The essence of the problem is to create a method of designing the basic contour of a new type of floating caisson, leveling a gear made up of one or more caissons, a continuous consolidation of the earth's foundation under the main caisson contour, pre-stressing of the ground foundation the main caisson contour with loads greater than operational in case of necessity of subsequent filling with another contractor by raising a water column above the average water level in the caissons working chambers after laying on the bottom, keeping the raised water volume above the average water level to the project elevation, redistributing the weight of the raised and retained water volume as a gravity fill in operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126475267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5820
A. Trayanova
A total of 468 individuals of the rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) were studied in terms of size, weight and sex in the sea area in front of Pasha dere (south of Varna Bay, Black Sea) in the summer of 2016. Sampling was performed by bottom trawling on three transects at different depths (from 9.0 m to 24.5 m) and different type of substrate (sand, sandy silt and silt). In the present study the average length was 6.36 cm and the absolute shell length ranged from a minimum of 3.24 cm to a maximum of 9.68 cm. The established average total weight was 47.31 g, its absolute value ranging from 9.98 g to 135.02 g. The average values of the shell length and total weight of the rapa whelk were the lowest on shallow sandy bottom (6.01 cm and 41.94 g, respectively) and the highest at 21 m depth on silty sediments (6.84 cm and 55.13 g, respectively). The size-weight relationship between all individuals was described by the formula W = 0.248L 2.797 (R 2 = 0.937), with the allometric coefficient (b) ranging from 2.817 to 3.066. On the sandy sediment, the male: female ratio was 2:1; in sandy silt, the percentages of male and female specimens were 55% and 45% respectively, and in silty sediment the sex ratio was 1:1. The male specimens were characterized by higher values of all morphometric parameters compared to the females. In the size distribution of sexes, the highest was the frequency of the males in size class of 6-7 cm, and the females with 5-6 cm shell length. In the weight distribution of the males, the individuals with total weight in the range 30-40 g dominated, while the prevailing female individuals weighed between 20 g and 30 g.
{"title":"Morphometric, quantitative and population characteristics oF Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in front of Pasha Dere","authors":"A. Trayanova","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5820","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 468 individuals of the rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) were studied in terms of size, weight and sex in the sea area in front of Pasha dere (south of Varna Bay, Black Sea) in the summer of 2016. Sampling was performed by bottom trawling on three transects at different depths (from 9.0 m to 24.5 m) and different type of substrate (sand, sandy silt and silt). In the present study the average length was 6.36 cm and the absolute shell length ranged from a minimum of 3.24 cm to a maximum of 9.68 cm. The established average total weight was 47.31 g, its absolute value ranging from 9.98 g to 135.02 g. The average values of the shell length and total weight of the rapa whelk were the lowest on shallow sandy bottom (6.01 cm and 41.94 g, respectively) and the highest at 21 m depth on silty sediments (6.84 cm and 55.13 g, respectively). The size-weight relationship between all individuals was described by the formula W = 0.248L 2.797 (R 2 = 0.937), with the allometric coefficient (b) ranging from 2.817 to 3.066. On the sandy sediment, the male: female ratio was 2:1; in sandy silt, the percentages of male and female specimens were 55% and 45% respectively, and in silty sediment the sex ratio was 1:1. The male specimens were characterized by higher values of all morphometric parameters compared to the females. In the size distribution of sexes, the highest was the frequency of the males in size class of 6-7 cm, and the females with 5-6 cm shell length. In the weight distribution of the males, the individuals with total weight in the range 30-40 g dominated, while the prevailing female individuals weighed between 20 g and 30 g.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114491157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5819
K. Gartsiyanova
Groundwater is an essential part of the country's water resources. They are related to surface water and form a single hydrodynamic and hydrochemical system. In the context of the contemporary intensive interaction of the nature-society system the "sustainable" use and management of groundwater resources and their protection against pollution is a matter of extreme importance and up-to-date. The quality of groundwater is largely determined by the pollution of the natural environment as a whole - surface water, soils, atmosphere and precipitation. The article reviews the sources of pollution of the groundwater on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, which is characterized by the development of various economic activities.
{"title":"Sources of groundwater pollution in Bulgarian Black Sea coast","authors":"K. Gartsiyanova","doi":"10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/isuvmn.v0i0.5819","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is an essential part of the country's water resources. They are related to surface water and form a single hydrodynamic and hydrochemical system. In the context of the contemporary intensive interaction of the nature-society system the \"sustainable\" use and management of groundwater resources and their protection against pollution is a matter of extreme importance and up-to-date. The quality of groundwater is largely determined by the pollution of the natural environment as a whole - surface water, soils, atmosphere and precipitation. The article reviews the sources of pollution of the groundwater on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, which is characterized by the development of various economic activities.","PeriodicalId":286678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Maritime Sciences Series","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115814887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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