Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160665
X. Guan, P. Luh, H. Yan, J. A. Amalfi
An algorithm to solve short-term thermal scheduling problems using the Lagrangian relaxation approach is presented. For individual subproblems, dynamic programming without discretizing generation levels is proved to be an efficient approach. The ramp rate constraint is handled through relaxation. This method preserves the advantages of nondiscretization of generation levels and is proved to be efficient for systems with a few ramp rate constrained units. Initialization of multipliers associated with system demand using the priority-list commitment and dispatch can significantly cut down the computational time. It is shown that the heuristic method developed to obtain feasible solutions is effective, and near optimal solutions are obtained.<>
{"title":"Short-term scheduling of thermal power systems","authors":"X. Guan, P. Luh, H. Yan, J. A. Amalfi","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160665","url":null,"abstract":"An algorithm to solve short-term thermal scheduling problems using the Lagrangian relaxation approach is presented. For individual subproblems, dynamic programming without discretizing generation levels is proved to be an efficient approach. The ramp rate constraint is handled through relaxation. This method preserves the advantages of nondiscretization of generation levels and is proved to be efficient for systems with a few ramp rate constrained units. Initialization of multipliers associated with system demand using the priority-list commitment and dispatch can significantly cut down the computational time. It is shown that the heuristic method developed to obtain feasible solutions is effective, and near optimal solutions are obtained.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123007895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160597
D. Reichelt, H. Glavitsch
Besides using analytical programs, heuristic knowledge has to be applied for an extended optimization of the operating state of a power system. The concept for a hybrid expert system which performs a search through the space of the feasible operating states is developed. With the combination of a standard search algorithm with a production system, a sophisticated search process is built up whereby integrated analytical programs provide the knowledge base with quantitative information about the network state and about, the effects of control actions on the network state. An application of the expert system for security enhancement is described. The results are presented, followed by a comprehensive discussion about the effects of the variation of heuristic parameters on the search process.<>
{"title":"Features of a hybrid expert system for security enhancement","authors":"D. Reichelt, H. Glavitsch","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160597","url":null,"abstract":"Besides using analytical programs, heuristic knowledge has to be applied for an extended optimization of the operating state of a power system. The concept for a hybrid expert system which performs a search through the space of the feasible operating states is developed. With the combination of a standard search algorithm with a production system, a sophisticated search process is built up whereby integrated analytical programs provide the knowledge base with quantitative information about the network state and about, the effects of control actions on the network state. An application of the expert system for security enhancement is described. The results are presented, followed by a comprehensive discussion about the effects of the variation of heuristic parameters on the search process.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129935938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160624
J. Waight, K. Nodehi, M. Rafian, H. van Meeteren, A. Bose, R. Wasley, E. Stackfleth, E. Dobrowolski
The design of an advanced, transportable operator training simulator (OTS) which was developed as part of EPRI research project 1915-2 is outlined. Advanced modeling technology and instructor capabilities are described along with training examples which demonstrate the capabilities of this OTS.<>
{"title":"An advanced transportable operator training simulator","authors":"J. Waight, K. Nodehi, M. Rafian, H. van Meeteren, A. Bose, R. Wasley, E. Stackfleth, E. Dobrowolski","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160624","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an advanced, transportable operator training simulator (OTS) which was developed as part of EPRI research project 1915-2 is outlined. Advanced modeling technology and instructor capabilities are described along with training examples which demonstrate the capabilities of this OTS.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121221689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160628
D. Flinn, R. Dugan
A database capable of supporting a diverse set of power system simulation applications, ranging from harmonics and transients analysis to conventional load flow and short-circuit calculations, is described. The wide range of applications requires that the data be modeled in a more basic, or lower-level, form than is required for many traditional power systems, analysis programs. The need for the database, the design objectives, and evolution of the design are described. A strictly relational database was attempted at first. Difficulties in modeling complex data structures resulted in changing the database to a more object-oriented form. Several of the key data structures are presented as well as typical programming techniques for accessing the database.<>
{"title":"A database for diverse power system simulation applications","authors":"D. Flinn, R. Dugan","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160628","url":null,"abstract":"A database capable of supporting a diverse set of power system simulation applications, ranging from harmonics and transients analysis to conventional load flow and short-circuit calculations, is described. The wide range of applications requires that the data be modeled in a more basic, or lower-level, form than is required for many traditional power systems, analysis programs. The need for the database, the design objectives, and evolution of the design are described. A strictly relational database was attempted at first. Difficulties in modeling complex data structures resulted in changing the database to a more object-oriented form. Several of the key data structures are presented as well as typical programming techniques for accessing the database.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125795351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160591
H. Mori, Y. Tamaru, S. Tsuzuki
An artificial neural network-based method for evaluating online power system dynamic stability is presented. Using the matrix transformation of the S-matrix method, the absolute value of the most critical eigenvalue in the z-plane may be regarded as a power system dynamic stability index. The artificial neural net of Kohonen is used to estimate the index so that computational efforts are reduced and numerical instability problems are avoided. The Kohonen model is based on the self-organization feature mapping (SOFM) technique that transforms input patterns into neurons on the two-dimensional grid. The algorithm used does not require the teacher's signals and is not too complicated, and the resulting mapping makes it visually easy to understand the input pattern. Power system conditions are assigned to the output neurons on the two-dimensional grid with the SOFM technique. Two methods are presented to calculate the estimate index so that an output neuron calls the index corresponding to an input pattern. The linear and nonlinear decreasing function employed at the learning process are compared. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.<>
{"title":"An artificial neural-net based technique for power system dynamic stability with the Kohonen model","authors":"H. Mori, Y. Tamaru, S. Tsuzuki","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160591","url":null,"abstract":"An artificial neural network-based method for evaluating online power system dynamic stability is presented. Using the matrix transformation of the S-matrix method, the absolute value of the most critical eigenvalue in the z-plane may be regarded as a power system dynamic stability index. The artificial neural net of Kohonen is used to estimate the index so that computational efforts are reduced and numerical instability problems are avoided. The Kohonen model is based on the self-organization feature mapping (SOFM) technique that transforms input patterns into neurons on the two-dimensional grid. The algorithm used does not require the teacher's signals and is not too complicated, and the resulting mapping makes it visually easy to understand the input pattern. Power system conditions are assigned to the output neurons on the two-dimensional grid with the SOFM technique. Two methods are presented to calculate the estimate index so that an output neuron calls the index corresponding to an input pattern. The linear and nonlinear decreasing function employed at the learning process are compared. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127959113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160603
G. Ejebe, R.F. Paliza, W. Tinney
A new adaptive localization method for fast real-time AC security analysis using a modification of the fast decoupled power flow algorithm is presented. The method exploits the property that the impact of most contingencies encountered in security analysis is limited to localized regions of the network. Although it is intended mainly for contingency evaluation, the method is also suitable for contingency screening. On each iteration, a localized region is adaptively identified as the set of buses whose mismatches exceed specified tolerances. The sparse mismatch vectors for these buses are then efficiently processed by sparse vector methods to solve for the significant bus voltage magnitude and angle corrections required for security analysis. Reactive power limits on generators are enforced and all other appropriate automatic control adjustments are performed for the localized solutions. Test results on two practical systems show CPU time improvements over full AC solutions ranging from 3:1 to 5:1.<>
{"title":"An adaptive localization method for real-time security analysis","authors":"G. Ejebe, R.F. Paliza, W. Tinney","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160603","url":null,"abstract":"A new adaptive localization method for fast real-time AC security analysis using a modification of the fast decoupled power flow algorithm is presented. The method exploits the property that the impact of most contingencies encountered in security analysis is limited to localized regions of the network. Although it is intended mainly for contingency evaluation, the method is also suitable for contingency screening. On each iteration, a localized region is adaptively identified as the set of buses whose mismatches exceed specified tolerances. The sparse mismatch vectors for these buses are then efficiently processed by sparse vector methods to solve for the significant bus voltage magnitude and angle corrections required for security analysis. Reactive power limits on generators are enforced and all other appropriate automatic control adjustments are performed for the localized solutions. Test results on two practical systems show CPU time improvements over full AC solutions ranging from 3:1 to 5:1.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133698743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160625
R. Chu, E. Dobrowolski, E.J. Barr, J. Mcgeehan, D. Scheurer, K. Nodehi
Philadelphia Electric Company (PECo) is the host electric utility for the EPRI operator training simulator (OTS). One of the OTS functional requirements is to provide system restoration training. Some preliminary results from the use of the OTS for restoration scenarios are presented. These scenarios are: blackstart and resynchronization of two islands; blackstart of a hydro generating station; and blackstart of a combustion turbine for providing cranking power for another generating unit within an isolated island. The restoration procedure, the system component models, the OTS results, and potential problem areas are presented. The purpose of this study is to provide a forum to discuss the capability of existing analytical tools and future research, needs to aid system operators in system restoration.<>
{"title":"The uses of an operator training simulator for system restoration","authors":"R. Chu, E. Dobrowolski, E.J. Barr, J. Mcgeehan, D. Scheurer, K. Nodehi","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160625","url":null,"abstract":"Philadelphia Electric Company (PECo) is the host electric utility for the EPRI operator training simulator (OTS). One of the OTS functional requirements is to provide system restoration training. Some preliminary results from the use of the OTS for restoration scenarios are presented. These scenarios are: blackstart and resynchronization of two islands; blackstart of a hydro generating station; and blackstart of a combustion turbine for providing cranking power for another generating unit within an isolated island. The restoration procedure, the system component models, the OTS results, and potential problem areas are presented. The purpose of this study is to provide a forum to discuss the capability of existing analytical tools and future research, needs to aid system operators in system restoration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114421778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160632
T. Carton, A. Peyrot
An integrated computer environment for the structural design of new power lines, the evaluation of existing lines, and their long term management is described. The detailed content of the data files that need to be accessed is presented. Implementation of commonly used design and archiving functions on a workstation should help optimize design, reduce design mistakes, and result in considerable gains in engineering productivity.<>
{"title":"Computer aided structural and geometric design of power lines","authors":"T. Carton, A. Peyrot","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160632","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated computer environment for the structural design of new power lines, the evaluation of existing lines, and their long term management is described. The detailed content of the data files that need to be accessed is presented. Implementation of commonly used design and archiving functions on a workstation should help optimize design, reduce design mistakes, and result in considerable gains in engineering productivity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131938577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160654
J. Eisman, G. Laffitte, M. Kristensson, P. Hill
A new computer-based control system was installed in July 1990 in a large 220/132 kV substation, replacing the conventional one. The equipment, the function implemented (especially the automatic functions), and the experiences during the project, commissioning, and service are described. Those aspects, as related to the differences between the new substation control system and the conventional one, are emphasized in the areas of specification, documentation, testing and maintenance. The protection function is not integrated, but it is related to the substation control system through the interchange of information. The replacement of the wired control in an old substation by a computer-based control is an option whose advantages have to be evaluated in each case.<>
{"title":"Computer-based control system for large 220/132 kV substation","authors":"J. Eisman, G. Laffitte, M. Kristensson, P. Hill","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160654","url":null,"abstract":"A new computer-based control system was installed in July 1990 in a large 220/132 kV substation, replacing the conventional one. The equipment, the function implemented (especially the automatic functions), and the experiences during the project, commissioning, and service are described. Those aspects, as related to the differences between the new substation control system and the conventional one, are emphasized in the areas of specification, documentation, testing and maintenance. The protection function is not integrated, but it is related to the substation control system through the interchange of information. The replacement of the wired control in an old substation by a computer-based control is an option whose advantages have to be evaluated in each case.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132077666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1991.160605
S. Venkatesh, W.-H.E. Liu, A. Papalexopoulos
Sensitivities of an optimal power flow (OPF) solution to small changes in bus loads, flow limits, bus voltage limits, and other OPF constraints are becoming increasingly important to the electric utility industry. Many of these sensitivities are not produced by most existing OPF algorithms. A least-squares-based algorithm that is suitable for post-OPF sensitivity calculations is proposed. The algorithm provides acceptable sensitivities of optimal solutions under the consideration of all important operational and security constraints. The optimal solutions need not be exact. This is especially important for real-time applications where only approximate, but close to the true optimum, solutions are available. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in a production grade computer software and is sufficiently general to be used by other electric power utilities. It is intended to be used as part of the OPF calculations in the new energy management system (EMS) of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Test results on a 1700-bus system are presented.<>
{"title":"A least squares solution for optimal power flow sensitivity calculation","authors":"S. Venkatesh, W.-H.E. Liu, A. Papalexopoulos","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1991.160605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1991.160605","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitivities of an optimal power flow (OPF) solution to small changes in bus loads, flow limits, bus voltage limits, and other OPF constraints are becoming increasingly important to the electric utility industry. Many of these sensitivities are not produced by most existing OPF algorithms. A least-squares-based algorithm that is suitable for post-OPF sensitivity calculations is proposed. The algorithm provides acceptable sensitivities of optimal solutions under the consideration of all important operational and security constraints. The optimal solutions need not be exact. This is especially important for real-time applications where only approximate, but close to the true optimum, solutions are available. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in a production grade computer software and is sufficiently general to be used by other electric power utilities. It is intended to be used as part of the OPF calculations in the new energy management system (EMS) of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Test results on a 1700-bus system are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287152,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] Conference Papers 1991 Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130828205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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