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The Candle and the Guillotine最新文献

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Crises and Revolution 危机与革命
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1tbhqjz.8
Crisis Y Revolución, Crise E Revolução, Adriana S. Valencia
This article addresses the materialist theory of development and fall of Marxism based on the theory of value as originally considered and presented by Karl Marx in Grundrisse and in Crítica da Economia Política, claiming that the production of value depends on labor force. As it takes place today, capital displaces labor force in every industry, service and activity, country, territory and region all over the world; workers are dismissed and are transferred to speculative activities of the fictional capital. This lesser disposition of labor force eventually harms the mean profit rate and, as time goes by, it provokes a crisis. The present capitalist crisis is resultant from the insufficiency and, to certain extent, to the incapacity of mechanisms from the system to generate enough value production in the labor process, to provide value to the invested capital (in settings of production, raw matter, and in labor force or variable capital); to create more value and to regain increased profit rate. These restraints of the financial capital (fictional capital) cause a deviation to the speculative plan and contribute for the formation of tragic speculative bubbles in sectors such as those of housing, energy and food. No matter how much productivity is increased, developing a technological revolution and “sparing labor force”, the reduction of time, socially required for the production of goods and labor force, becomes harder and more marginal. This is the way the capitalist system enters a civilian, structural and organic crisis, as it is now. To go beyond the capital means to construct structures and superstructures of a new non-capitalist society based on a new way to produce, to work and to keep harmonious and friendly human social relations. It is difficult to have a successful revolution if not with the education of its agents, that is, the organized front people, parties and syndicates that will raise the social, political and cultural awareness. For that purpose, a brief analysis of the system crisis core is required.
本文论述了马克思主义发展和衰落的唯物主义理论,其基础是卡尔·马克思在《政治批判》和Crítica《经济》Política中提出的价值理论,认为价值的生产取决于劳动力。就像今天的情况一样,资本在世界各地的每一个行业、服务和活动、国家、领土和地区都在取代劳动力;工人被解雇,并被转移到虚拟资本的投机活动中。这种较少的劳动力配置最终会损害平均利润率,随着时间的推移,它会引发危机。当前的资本主义危机是由于系统机制在劳动过程中产生足够价值生产的能力不足,在一定程度上是由于系统机制没有能力在劳动过程中产生足够的价值生产,为投资资本(在生产环境、原材料、劳动力或可变资本中)提供价值;创造更多的价值,重新获得更高的利润率。这些对金融资本(虚拟资本)的限制导致了对投机计划的偏离,并助长了房地产、能源和食品等行业悲剧性投机泡沫的形成。无论生产率提高多少,发展技术革命和“节约劳动力”,减少生产商品和劳动力所需的社会时间变得更加困难和更加边缘化。这就是资本主义制度进入平民、结构性和有机危机的方式,就像现在一样。超越资本意味着以一种新的生产方式、工作方式和保持和谐友好的人类社会关系为基础,构建一个新的非资本主义社会的结构和上层建筑。如果不教育革命的代理人,即有组织的前线人民、政党和辛迪加,以提高社会、政治和文化意识,革命是很难成功的。为此,需要对系统危机核心进行简要分析。
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引用次数: 0
Bastille Day, 1793 巴士底日(1793年
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1tbhqjz.17
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引用次数: 0
The First Republic 第一共和国
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1057/9780230377219_6
J. Krejčí, P. Machonin
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引用次数: 2
The Candle Flares 蜡烛的火焰
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1tbhqjz.9
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引用次数: 0
Patriots and Traitors 爱国者和叛徒
Pub Date : 2011-06-06 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1tbhqjz.10
I. Piller
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Candle and the Guillotine
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