Zhengyu Yan, Tingting Shi, Yuanbin Fan, Lai Zhou, Zhiliang Yuan
Gated InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes are the most practical device for detection of telecom single photons arriving at regular intervals. Here, we report the development of a compact single-photon detector (SPD) module measured just 8.8 × 6 × 2 cm 3 in size and fully integrated with driving signal generation, faint avalanche readout, and discrimination circuits as well as temperature regulation and compensation. The readout circuit employs our previously reported ultra-narrowband interference circuits (UNICs) to eliminate the capacitive response to the gating signal. We characterize a UNIC-SPD module with a 1.25-GHz clock input and find its performance comparable to its counterpart built upon discrete functional blocks. Setting its detection efficiency to 30% for 1,550-nm photons, we obtain an afterpulsing probability of 2.4% and a dark count probability of 8 × 10 −7 per gate under 3-ns hold-off time. We believe that UNIC-SPDs will be useful in important applications such as quantum key distribution.
{"title":"Compact InGaAs/InP single-photon detector module with ultra-narrowband interference circuits","authors":"Zhengyu Yan, Tingting Shi, Yuanbin Fan, Lai Zhou, Zhiliang Yuan","doi":"10.34133/adi.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/adi.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Gated InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes are the most practical device for detection of telecom single photons arriving at regular intervals. Here, we report the development of a compact single-photon detector (SPD) module measured just 8.8 × 6 × 2 cm 3 in size and fully integrated with driving signal generation, faint avalanche readout, and discrimination circuits as well as temperature regulation and compensation. The readout circuit employs our previously reported ultra-narrowband interference circuits (UNICs) to eliminate the capacitive response to the gating signal. We characterize a UNIC-SPD module with a 1.25-GHz clock input and find its performance comparable to its counterpart built upon discrete functional blocks. Setting its detection efficiency to 30% for 1,550-nm photons, we obtain an afterpulsing probability of 2.4% and a dark count probability of 8 × 10 −7 per gate under 3-ns hold-off time. We believe that UNIC-SPDs will be useful in important applications such as quantum key distribution.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addition to magnetism, superconductivity, quantum transport, and ferroelectricity, the tunable Rashba spin–orbit coupling from spatial inversion symmetry broken of 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at oxide interfaces has been exploited to induce rich spin-dependent physical effects and has recently become the focus of intense interest. Here, we review the recent advances in this field, including spin–charge interconversion, spin–magnetization interaction, and spin texture. These properties are intriguing due to their potential to advance spintronics devices. All these intriguing properties not only hold great promise for 2DEG at oxide interfaces in spintronic devices but also further deepen our understanding of this frontier field.
{"title":"Spintronics phenomena of two-dimensional electron gas at oxide interfaces","authors":"Shiwei Chen, Chuantong Ren, Shiheng Liang","doi":"10.34133/adi.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/adi.0024","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to magnetism, superconductivity, quantum transport, and ferroelectricity, the tunable Rashba spin–orbit coupling from spatial inversion symmetry broken of 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at oxide interfaces has been exploited to induce rich spin-dependent physical effects and has recently become the focus of intense interest. Here, we review the recent advances in this field, including spin–charge interconversion, spin–magnetization interaction, and spin texture. These properties are intriguing due to their potential to advance spintronics devices. All these intriguing properties not only hold great promise for 2DEG at oxide interfaces in spintronic devices but also further deepen our understanding of this frontier field.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polarization induced by electric field poling or strain can be used for achieving high-performance piezophototronic solar cell by tuning spatial surface potential distribution. Recent experiments presented that performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be enhanced with poling process due to surface state modification. Here, we characterize the effect of polarization on surface potential distribution of perovskite film, highlighting that piezophototronic effect provides a promising approach for enhancing the performance of PSCs. This method not only paves a new way to develop highly efficient perovskite photovoltaic devices but also designs highly stable PSCs.
{"title":"High performance piezophototronic solar cells based on polarization modulation perovskite","authors":"Jiaheng Nie, Yaming Zhang, Lijie Li, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.34133/adi.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/adi.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization induced by electric field poling or strain can be used for achieving high-performance piezophototronic solar cell by tuning spatial surface potential distribution. Recent experiments presented that performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be enhanced with poling process due to surface state modification. Here, we characterize the effect of polarization on surface potential distribution of perovskite film, highlighting that piezophototronic effect provides a promising approach for enhancing the performance of PSCs. This method not only paves a new way to develop highly efficient perovskite photovoltaic devices but also designs highly stable PSCs.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser-scribed graphene oxide (GO) shows great promise for high-performance, cost-effective humidity sensors. However, when using the commonly employed Gaussian beam, the Rayleigh length is relatively short, leading to potential stability issues during large-area processing, especially when defocusing occurs. In this paper, we utilize a diffraction-free Bessel beam to one-step fabricate reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes specifically designed for humidity sensing applications. The effects of defocusing and laser power on the line width and resistance of the fabricated electrodes are investigated, giving the optimal processing parameters for Bessel laser writing of GO. The line width, resistance, and sheet resistance of the rGO electrode are stable at a defocusing distance within ±1.00 mm. Defocusing also proves to be effective in reducing the ablation region during the fabrication process. The temperature and humidity responses of the electrodes are examined, focusing on those fabricated with typical defocusing settings, and the related mechanisms are discussed. Proof-of-principle rGO/GO/rGO humidity sensors are demonstrated, and were one-step fabricated using a Bessel beam with both focusing and defocusing settings. The corresponding humidity response results evidence that rGO humidity sensors can be fabricated using a Bessel beam, even in the defocusing cases. The investigation into the Bessel-beam-based laser fabrication technique offers promising prospects for rapid, flexible, and cost-effective production of graphene-based humidity sensors. Meanwhile, the study of defocusing may enhance the fabrication stability to withstand defocusing conditions effectively.
{"title":"Laser Scribing of Graphene Oxide Using Bessel Beam for Humidity Sensing","authors":"Ruozhou Li, Jing Yan, Ke Qu, Ying Yu","doi":"10.34133/adi.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/adi.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-scribed graphene oxide (GO) shows great promise for high-performance, cost-effective humidity sensors. However, when using the commonly employed Gaussian beam, the Rayleigh length is relatively short, leading to potential stability issues during large-area processing, especially when defocusing occurs. In this paper, we utilize a diffraction-free Bessel beam to one-step fabricate reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes specifically designed for humidity sensing applications. The effects of defocusing and laser power on the line width and resistance of the fabricated electrodes are investigated, giving the optimal processing parameters for Bessel laser writing of GO. The line width, resistance, and sheet resistance of the rGO electrode are stable at a defocusing distance within ±1.00 mm. Defocusing also proves to be effective in reducing the ablation region during the fabrication process. The temperature and humidity responses of the electrodes are examined, focusing on those fabricated with typical defocusing settings, and the related mechanisms are discussed. Proof-of-principle rGO/GO/rGO humidity sensors are demonstrated, and were one-step fabricated using a Bessel beam with both focusing and defocusing settings. The corresponding humidity response results evidence that rGO humidity sensors can be fabricated using a Bessel beam, even in the defocusing cases. The investigation into the Bessel-beam-based laser fabrication technique offers promising prospects for rapid, flexible, and cost-effective production of graphene-based humidity sensors. Meanwhile, the study of defocusing may enhance the fabrication stability to withstand defocusing conditions effectively.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum frequency transducer (QFT) is an important technology in quantum information processing. QFT can coherently convert quantum state from one wavelength to another wavelength, while the coherence, entanglement, and information encoded in the light beam can be well preserved. There are 2 main application directions based on the intrinsic properties of QFT: (a) quantum frequency interface, which transfer quantum state between different quantum systems work at different wavelengths; and (b) frequency conversion detection, which convert photon from the weak detection ability waveband to the waveband that has better detection ability. In this review article, after giving a brief introduction of the basic principle of QFT, some main progresses for applications of QFT in the aforementioned 2 aspects are described in detail. Finally, we indicate the research trend of the QFT and the problems that remain to be solved in this field.
{"title":"Quantum frequency transducer and its applications","authors":"Zhao-Qi-Zhi Han, Zhi-Yuan Zhou, Bao-Sen Shi","doi":"10.34133/adi.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/adi.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum frequency transducer (QFT) is an important technology in quantum information processing. QFT can coherently convert quantum state from one wavelength to another wavelength, while the coherence, entanglement, and information encoded in the light beam can be well preserved. There are 2 main application directions based on the intrinsic properties of QFT: (a) quantum frequency interface, which transfer quantum state between different quantum systems work at different wavelengths; and (b) frequency conversion detection, which convert photon from the weak detection ability waveband to the waveband that has better detection ability. In this review article, after giving a brief introduction of the basic principle of QFT, some main progresses for applications of QFT in the aforementioned 2 aspects are described in detail. Finally, we indicate the research trend of the QFT and the problems that remain to be solved in this field.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jintao Fu, Changbin Nie, Feiying Sun, Genglin Li, Xingzhan Wei
The integration of graphene and semiconductor leverages the distinct advantages of different materials and unleashes promising photoresponse generation phenomena, thereby facilitating the advancement of high-performance photodetectors. Notably, the van der Waals interaction enables the combination of graphene with diverse semiconductors, transcending epitaxial lattice matching limitations and offering unprecedented degrees of freedom in materials selection. Moreover, the ongoing development of growth and transfer techniques has also allowed graphene to be merged into existing mature semiconductor processes for large-area image sensors. Here, a review of graphene–semiconductor hybrid photodetectors is presented, aiming to contribute to the broader understanding of these intriguing devices and inspire further research in this exciting field. Firstly, the working principles and device configurations of the graphene–semiconductor hybrid photodetectors are introduced. Subsequently, recent progress in photodetectors featuring graphene–semiconductor hybrid structures is summarized, which showcases the cutting-edge achievements and breakthroughs. Finally, the remaining challenges in this type of device are analyzed, and future development prospects are also highlighted.
{"title":"Photodetectors Based on Graphene-Semiconductor Hybrid Structures: Recent Progress and Future Outlook","authors":"Jintao Fu, Changbin Nie, Feiying Sun, Genglin Li, Xingzhan Wei","doi":"10.34133/adi.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/adi.0031","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of graphene and semiconductor leverages the distinct advantages of different materials and unleashes promising photoresponse generation phenomena, thereby facilitating the advancement of high-performance photodetectors. Notably, the van der Waals interaction enables the combination of graphene with diverse semiconductors, transcending epitaxial lattice matching limitations and offering unprecedented degrees of freedom in materials selection. Moreover, the ongoing development of growth and transfer techniques has also allowed graphene to be merged into existing mature semiconductor processes for large-area image sensors. Here, a review of graphene–semiconductor hybrid photodetectors is presented, aiming to contribute to the broader understanding of these intriguing devices and inspire further research in this exciting field. Firstly, the working principles and device configurations of the graphene–semiconductor hybrid photodetectors are introduced. Subsequently, recent progress in photodetectors featuring graphene–semiconductor hybrid structures is summarized, which showcases the cutting-edge achievements and breakthroughs. Finally, the remaining challenges in this type of device are analyzed, and future development prospects are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Sagnac interferometer has been a powerful tool for gyroscope, spectroscopy, and navigation based on the Sagnac effects between counterpropagating twin fields in a closed loop, whose difference phase is caused by Einstein’s special relativity. Here, a nonclassical version of a Sagnac interferometer is presented using completely different physics of coherence de Broglie waves (CBW) in a cavity, where CBW is a nonclassical feature overcoming the standard quantum limit governed by classical physics.
{"title":"A Nonclassical Sagnac Interferometer Using Coherence de Broglie Waves","authors":"B. Ham","doi":"10.34133/2021/9862831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2021/9862831","url":null,"abstract":"A Sagnac interferometer has been a powerful tool for gyroscope, spectroscopy, and navigation based on the Sagnac effects between counterpropagating twin fields in a closed loop, whose difference phase is caused by Einstein’s special relativity. Here, a nonclassical version of a Sagnac interferometer is presented using completely different physics of coherence de Broglie waves (CBW) in a cavity, where CBW is a nonclassical feature overcoming the standard quantum limit governed by classical physics.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127997793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensing has been regarded as a powerful distributed measurement tool for monitoring the conditions of modern large civil and geotechnical structures, since it provides continuous environmental information (e.g., temperature and strain) along the whole fiber used for sensing applications. In the past few decades, great research efforts were devoted to improve its performance in terms of measurement range, spatial resolution, measurement speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, of which the slope-assisted measurement scheme, achieved by exploiting the linear slope of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), have paved the way for dynamic distributed fiber-optic sensing. In this article, slope-assisted Brillouin-based distributed fiber-optic sensing techniques demonstrated in the past few years will be reviewed, including the slope-assisted Brillouin optical time-domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOTDA/SA-BOTDR), the slope-assisted Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) sensor, and the slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOCDA/SA-BOCDR). Avenues for future research and development of slope-assisted Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors are also prospected.
{"title":"Slope-Assisted Brillouin-Based Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques","authors":"Xinyu Fan, Bin Wang, Guangyao Yang, Zuyuan He","doi":"10.34133/2021/9756875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2021/9756875","url":null,"abstract":"Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensing has been regarded as a powerful distributed measurement tool for monitoring the conditions of modern large civil and geotechnical structures, since it provides continuous environmental information (e.g., temperature and strain) along the whole fiber used for sensing applications. In the past few decades, great research efforts were devoted to improve its performance in terms of measurement range, spatial resolution, measurement speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, of which the slope-assisted measurement scheme, achieved by exploiting the linear slope of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), have paved the way for dynamic distributed fiber-optic sensing. In this article, slope-assisted Brillouin-based distributed fiber-optic sensing techniques demonstrated in the past few years will be reviewed, including the slope-assisted Brillouin optical time-domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOTDA/SA-BOTDR), the slope-assisted Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) sensor, and the slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOCDA/SA-BOCDR). Avenues for future research and development of slope-assisted Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors are also prospected.","PeriodicalId":288293,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Devices & Instrumentation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132624745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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