Introduction : Since the anxiety is one of the effective factors in stuttering, the present study was examined the effect of Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on anxiety and the severity of stuttering in stammering adolescents. Materials and Methods : The present study adopts pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design with two experimental and one control groups. For this purpose, after applying input and output criteria, 30 stuttering adolescents were selected by convenience sampling method, and were divided into experimental and control groups, randomly. During 10 sessions, one of the experimental groups (EG1) includes 15 participants were experimented by 2 mA current of tDCS on two sides of the anterior temporal region for 20 minutes. The other one (EG2) contains 15 participants as a Sham group was experienced by tDCS with a similar process for 10 sessions. The difference is that the device was turned off after they felt an initial burning sensation. Finally, anxiety and severity of stuttering were evaluated before and after treatment. Findings: Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the experimental and sham groups in the anxiety of the subjects (P < 0.05, F = 645/725). In addition, there was a significant difference in the intensity of stuttering between the experimental and sham groups among participants (P < 0.05, F = 16.875). Conclusion : According to the results, compared to the Sham group, anxiety and the severity stuttering in stammering adolescents who were affected by tDCS, were reduced significantly. So, it seems that tDCS on both sides of the anterior temporal region can be effective in treating anxiety and severity of stuttering. Though, other similar studies in this field are needed to prove the obtained results.
前言:由于焦虑是口吃的有效因素之一，本研究探讨了经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)对口吃青少年焦虑和口吃严重程度的影响。材料与方法:本研究采用前测和后测准实验设计，分为两个实验组和一个对照组。为此，采用方便抽样的方法，在应用输入和输出标准后，选取30名口吃青少年，随机分为实验组和对照组。在10个疗程中，其中一个实验组(EG1)包括15名参与者，在颞叶前部两侧进行2 mA电流的tDCS实验，持续20分钟。另一个(EG2)包含15名参与者，作为假组，tDCS经历了10个类似的过程。不同之处在于，在他们最初感到烧灼感后，设备就被关闭了。最后，评估治疗前后患者的焦虑程度和口吃严重程度。结果:结果显示，实验组与假手术组被试焦虑程度差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05, F = 645/725)。此外，试验组和假手术组的口吃强度差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05, F = 16.875)。结论:结果显示，与假手术组相比，经tDCS治疗的口吃青少年焦虑程度和口吃严重程度均显著降低。因此，颞叶前部两侧的tDCS似乎可以有效治疗焦虑和严重口吃。然而，需要在该领域进行其他类似的研究来证明所获得的结果。
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Anxiety and Severity of Stuttering in Adolescents Aged 15 to 18","authors":"Mahsa Taherifard, Mohsen Saeidmanesh, Mahdiyeh Azizi","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3605","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Since the anxiety is one of the effective factors in stuttering, the present study was examined the effect of Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on anxiety and the severity of stuttering in stammering adolescents. Materials and Methods : The present study adopts pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design with two experimental and one control groups. For this purpose, after applying input and output criteria, 30 stuttering adolescents were selected by convenience sampling method, and were divided into experimental and control groups, randomly. During 10 sessions, one of the experimental groups (EG1) includes 15 participants were experimented by 2 mA current of tDCS on two sides of the anterior temporal region for 20 minutes. The other one (EG2) contains 15 participants as a Sham group was experienced by tDCS with a similar process for 10 sessions. The difference is that the device was turned off after they felt an initial burning sensation. Finally, anxiety and severity of stuttering were evaluated before and after treatment. Findings: Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the experimental and sham groups in the anxiety of the subjects (P < 0.05, F = 645/725). In addition, there was a significant difference in the intensity of stuttering between the experimental and sham groups among participants (P < 0.05, F = 16.875). Conclusion : According to the results, compared to the Sham group, anxiety and the severity stuttering in stammering adolescents who were affected by tDCS, were reduced significantly. So, it seems that tDCS on both sides of the anterior temporal region can be effective in treating anxiety and severity of stuttering. Though, other similar studies in this field are needed to prove the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127505551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: One of the important areas of language is pragmatics, which describes the correct use of language for social interaction. Since tests are tools for quantitation of speech and language abilities, they are needed in order to assess, screen, describe, diagnose, and treat various aspects of language. The aim of this study was to review the existing tests in the area of language pragmatics and collect data about their subtests, scoring, administration, age range, and finally their application in clinical and research contexts in children. Materials and Methods: In order to review the common tests of language pragmatics, an electronic search through Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and Ovid databases was done between the years 2000 to 2020. The keywords were “Pragmatics”, “Language”, “Means”, “Tests”, “Tools”, “Diagnosis”, “Measurement”, and “Evaluation”. The inclusion criteria were access to the full text of the article, and the article language (either English or Persian). Results: In this study, 18 tests and a checklist were reterived from 25 studies for further study. Among them, only four tests and one checklist were for sole assessment of pragmatics and 14 other tests were for assesing all aspects of language. Conclusion: Some tests have recently been used more commonly due to the specialization of their subtests. Reviewing language pragmatics tests shows that the Test of Pragmatic Language-Second Edition ( TOPL-2) was the most acceptable test due to the assessment of comprehension-expression areas, standardization for healthy children or children with disorders, translation into several languages, and high psychometric characteristics; however, the use of multiple tests is recommended for a comprehensive and integrated assessment.
语用学是语言的一个重要领域，它描述了在社会交往中语言的正确使用。由于测试是言语和语言能力量化的工具，因此需要测试来评估、筛选、描述、诊断和治疗语言的各个方面。本研究的目的是回顾语言语用学领域的现有测试，并收集其子测试，评分，管理，年龄范围的数据，并最终在临床和研究背景下在儿童中的应用。材料和方法:为了回顾语言语用学的常用测试，在2000年至2020年期间，通过Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、Medline、谷歌Scholar和Ovid数据库进行了电子检索。关键词是“语用学”、“语言”、“手段”、“测试”、“工具”、“诊断”、“测量”和“评价”。纳入标准是文章全文的访问权限和文章语言(英语或波斯语)。结果:本研究从25项研究中检索到18项试验和一份检查表供进一步研究。其中，仅4项测试和1项检查表是对语用的单一评估，其他14项测试是对语言的所有方面进行评估。结论:由于子测试的专门化，一些测试最近被更普遍地使用。回顾语言语用学测试表明，由于对理解表达领域的评估，对健康儿童或障碍儿童的标准化，翻译成多种语言，以及高心理测量特征，语用学测试第二版(TOPL-2)是最被接受的测试;然而，建议使用多种测试来进行全面和综合的评估。
{"title":"The Pragmatic Assessments in Children: A Narrative Review","authors":"Boshra Bahrami, Fatemeh Fekar-Gharamaleki","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V0I0.3526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V0I0.3526","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the important areas of language is pragmatics, which describes the correct use of language for social interaction. Since tests are tools for quantitation of speech and language abilities, they are needed in order to assess, screen, describe, diagnose, and treat various aspects of language. The aim of this study was to review the existing tests in the area of language pragmatics and collect data about their subtests, scoring, administration, age range, and finally their application in clinical and research contexts in children. Materials and Methods: In order to review the common tests of language pragmatics, an electronic search through Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and Ovid databases was done between the years 2000 to 2020. The keywords were “Pragmatics”, “Language”, “Means”, “Tests”, “Tools”, “Diagnosis”, “Measurement”, and “Evaluation”. The inclusion criteria were access to the full text of the article, and the article language (either English or Persian). Results: In this study, 18 tests and a checklist were reterived from 25 studies for further study. Among them, only four tests and one checklist were for sole assessment of pragmatics and 14 other tests were for assesing all aspects of language. Conclusion: Some tests have recently been used more commonly due to the specialization of their subtests. Reviewing language pragmatics tests shows that the Test of Pragmatic Language-Second Edition ( TOPL-2) was the most acceptable test due to the assessment of comprehension-expression areas, standardization for healthy children or children with disorders, translation into several languages, and high psychometric characteristics; however, the use of multiple tests is recommended for a comprehensive and integrated assessment.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3532
K. Ghasemi, M. Kajbaf, A. Ghamarani, H. Torkan
Introduction: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is caused by dysfunction of the central nervous system and may affect all activities by the individual. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation package based on executive performance of signs (child behavior in class, participation and group cooperation, attitude towards authorities) children with ADHD. Materials and Methods: The research project was a randomized clinical trial with the control group. 30 children with ADHD were selected from primary schools that were referred to in Isfahan health centers and clinics using convenient sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent training in 11 2-hour sessions with the intervention of Dawson and Guare training package (target behavior, goal setting according to behavior, goal setting steps, monitoring, process evaluation, and gradual elimination of monitoring). The control group did not receive any parallel treatment process during the study (with the agreement of the child and the parents). Child behavior in the classroom, group participation and cooperation, attitude towards power authorities were assessed by the Connor Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Mixed Model ANOVA. Results: The results showed that Dawson and Guare educational package significantly improved the signs of ADHD including child behavior in the classroom, participation and group cooperation, and attitudes towards power authorities (P ≤ 0.001 for all variables). Conclusion: It seems that Dawson and Guare educational package may be effective in managing the signs of children suffering from ADHD like child behavior in the classroom, group participation and cooperation, and attitudes toward power authorities.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Package Based on Executive Performance of Signs (Child Behavior in Class, Participation and Group Cooperation, Attitude towards Authorities) in Children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder: Pilot Randomized Cont","authors":"K. Ghasemi, M. Kajbaf, A. Ghamarani, H. Torkan","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3532","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is caused by dysfunction of the central nervous system and may affect all activities by the individual. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation package based on executive performance of signs (child behavior in class, participation and group cooperation, attitude towards authorities) children with ADHD. Materials and Methods: The research project was a randomized clinical trial with the control group. 30 children with ADHD were selected from primary schools that were referred to in Isfahan health centers and clinics using convenient sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent training in 11 2-hour sessions with the intervention of Dawson and Guare training package (target behavior, goal setting according to behavior, goal setting steps, monitoring, process evaluation, and gradual elimination of monitoring). The control group did not receive any parallel treatment process during the study (with the agreement of the child and the parents). Child behavior in the classroom, group participation and cooperation, attitude towards power authorities were assessed by the Connor Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Mixed Model ANOVA. Results: The results showed that Dawson and Guare educational package significantly improved the signs of ADHD including child behavior in the classroom, participation and group cooperation, and attitudes towards power authorities (P ≤ 0.001 for all variables). Conclusion: It seems that Dawson and Guare educational package may be effective in managing the signs of children suffering from ADHD like child behavior in the classroom, group participation and cooperation, and attitudes toward power authorities.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123578551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3528
Ameneh Abedian-Aval, N. Fereshtenejad, E. Sadeghi-Demneh
مقدمه: سندرم درد پاتلوفمورال (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome یا PFPS)، یکی از اختلالات شایع زانو در افراد فعال و جوان است. والگوس دینامیک زانو در این افراد با اعمال تغییرات کینماتیکی در هیپ و زانو، موجب بروز درد میگردد. بر این اساس، کاهش زاویه والگوس دینامیک، یکی از راهبردهای برنامه توانبخشی در این عارضه میباشد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی تأثیر فوری زانوبند و کفی گوه داخلی بر درد، حرکت زانو در راه رفتن و حرکت چمباتمه روی پای مبتلا در افراد مبتلا به PFPS بود. مواد و روش ها: 15 فرد مبتلا به PFPS در این مطالعه بالینی از نوع متقاطع شرکت کردند. پس از کسب مجوزهای اخلاق در پژوهش و اخذ رضایتنامه آگاهانه، همه شرکتکنندگان در یک گروه مطالعه و به صورت تصادفی در چهار وضعیت بدون ارتوز، گوه داخلی، زانوبند نئوپرن و ترکیب گوه داخلی و زانوبند قرار گرفتند. متغیرهای کینماتیکی و کینتیکی اندام تحتانی حین راه رفتن و تست اسکات روی پای مبتلا بررسی گردید. دادهها با استفاده از آزمون Repeated measures ANOVA مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها: استفاده از زانوبند، گوه داخلی و ترکیب زانوبند و گوه داخلی نسبت به حالت شاهد، موجب کاهش معنیدار درد حین انجام اسکات روی پای مبتلا شد (001/0 = P)، اما تفاوت معنیداری در سرعت راه رفتن (067/0 = P) و زاویه زانو در صفحه فرونتال (490/0 = P) مشاهده نگردید. بیشینه گشتاور زانو در صفحه فرونتال حین راه رفتن در سه وضعیت با گوه داخلی (001/0= P)، با بریس (008/0= P) و با زانوبند به همراه کفی گوه داخلی (033/0= P) به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. نتیجهگیری: بر اساس نتایج، به نظر میرسد که استفاده از گوه داخلی و زانوبند بتواند با کاهش درد، موجب ارتقای عملکرد افراد و بروز تأثیرات مثبت بیومکانیکی در اندام تحتانی گردد.
{"title":"The Immediate Effect of Medial Wedge Insole and Neoprene Brace on the Pain, Knee Valgus and Gait in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial","authors":"Ameneh Abedian-Aval, N. Fereshtenejad, E. Sadeghi-Demneh","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3528","url":null,"abstract":"مقدمه: سندرم درد پاتلوفمورال (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome یا PFPS)، یکی از اختلالات شایع زانو در افراد فعال و جوان است. والگوس دینامیک زانو در این افراد با اعمال تغییرات کینماتیکی در هیپ و زانو، موجب بروز درد میگردد. بر این اساس، کاهش زاویه والگوس دینامیک، یکی از راهبردهای برنامه توانبخشی در این عارضه میباشد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی تأثیر فوری زانوبند و کفی گوه داخلی بر درد، حرکت زانو در راه رفتن و حرکت چمباتمه روی پای مبتلا در افراد مبتلا به PFPS بود. مواد و روش ها: 15 فرد مبتلا به PFPS در این مطالعه بالینی از نوع متقاطع شرکت کردند. پس از کسب مجوزهای اخلاق در پژوهش و اخذ رضایتنامه آگاهانه، همه شرکتکنندگان در یک گروه مطالعه و به صورت تصادفی در چهار وضعیت بدون ارتوز، گوه داخلی، زانوبند نئوپرن و ترکیب گوه داخلی و زانوبند قرار گرفتند. متغیرهای کینماتیکی و کینتیکی اندام تحتانی حین راه رفتن و تست اسکات روی پای مبتلا بررسی گردید. دادهها با استفاده از آزمون Repeated measures ANOVA مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها: استفاده از زانوبند، گوه داخلی و ترکیب زانوبند و گوه داخلی نسبت به حالت شاهد، موجب کاهش معنیدار درد حین انجام اسکات روی پای مبتلا شد (001/0 = P)، اما تفاوت معنیداری در سرعت راه رفتن (067/0 = P) و زاویه زانو در صفحه فرونتال (490/0 = P) مشاهده نگردید. بیشینه گشتاور زانو در صفحه فرونتال حین راه رفتن در سه وضعیت با گوه داخلی (001/0= P)، با بریس (008/0= P) و با زانوبند به همراه کفی گوه داخلی (033/0= P) به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. نتیجهگیری: بر اساس نتایج، به نظر میرسد که استفاده از گوه داخلی و زانوبند بتواند با کاهش درد، موجب ارتقای عملکرد افراد و بروز تأثیرات مثبت بیومکانیکی در اندام تحتانی گردد.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124260568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3443
Manijeh Ghassemi, F. Ghadiri, S. Arsham, A. Daneshfar
Introduction : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill training and computer games on motor skills of educable girls with intellectuall disability. Materials and Methods : This study was a randomized clinical trial. Among the aducable children registered in intellectuall disability society of Alborz Province, Iran, 24 educable girls were selected from Kahrizak Rehabilitation Center, and randomly assigned into 3 groups of computer games, treadmill exercises, and control. At first, basic motor skills were measured, and then training sessions were conducted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for experimental groups. The untreated control group did not receive any training during this time, and went through the usual routine of the center program. After the training sessions, motor skills were re-measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method. Results : The motor skill scores in treadmill group were significantly higher than of the computer game (P = 0.012) and untreated control group (P = 0.001). In other words, treadmill training significantly improved motor skill scores (P < 0.05), while computer game had no significant effect over the untreated control group (P = 0.066). Conclusion : The results showed the significant effect of treadmill training on motor skills of educable mentally retarded children. Based on the results, it is suggested that treadmill exercises can be offered in the education and treatment centers for the children with intellectuall disability.
{"title":"The Effect of Treadmill Exercises and Computer Games on Motor Skills of Educable Girls with Intellectuall Disability: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study","authors":"Manijeh Ghassemi, F. Ghadiri, S. Arsham, A. Daneshfar","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3443","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill training and computer games on motor skills of educable girls with intellectuall disability. Materials and Methods : This study was a randomized clinical trial. Among the aducable children registered in intellectuall disability society of Alborz Province, Iran, 24 educable girls were selected from Kahrizak Rehabilitation Center, and randomly assigned into 3 groups of computer games, treadmill exercises, and control. At first, basic motor skills were measured, and then training sessions were conducted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for experimental groups. The untreated control group did not receive any training during this time, and went through the usual routine of the center program. After the training sessions, motor skills were re-measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method. Results : The motor skill scores in treadmill group were significantly higher than of the computer game (P = 0.012) and untreated control group (P = 0.001). In other words, treadmill training significantly improved motor skill scores (P < 0.05), while computer game had no significant effect over the untreated control group (P = 0.066). Conclusion : The results showed the significant effect of treadmill training on motor skills of educable mentally retarded children. Based on the results, it is suggested that treadmill exercises can be offered in the education and treatment centers for the children with intellectuall disability.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124239774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-21DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3502
Hassan Sadeghi, S. Shojaedin, Elham Alijanpour, Ali Abbasi
Introduction: Falling is a serious concern among elderly which have made a lot of discussions between gerontologists and physical therapists. Falling is common, dangerous, and costly among the elderly population. Fear of falling again among elderly faller leads to decrease self-confidence, loss of life quality, and inability. The purpose of this study was to find the effects of core stability exercise on balance and functional mobility among elderly with a history of falling. Materials and Methods: Thirty elderly people with a history of falling were randomly divided into control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups. The experimental group performed a 40-minute core stability exercise for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Before and after eight weeks of exercise program, static balance with open and closed eyes, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for dynamic balance, and 10-meter walking were taken in both groups. The control group only have the daily activities. The two-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean differences between groups. Results: Central stability training had a significant effect on static balance with open and closed eye, TUG, and 10-meter walking (P = 0.001). The control group did not show a significant effect on the factors of static balance with open eyes, static balance of closed eyes, TUG, and 10-meter walking. Following training period, the experimental group showed significantly better status in all variables compared to control group (0.91 ≤ η 2 ≤ 0.94, P = 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that strengthening the muscles in the central area of the body leads to maintaining balance in the elderly during daily activities. Since independency is very important in people with a history of falling, it can improve their independence and active participation by performing these exercises as simple, low-cost, and appropriate activities for home exercise.
跌倒是老年人的一个严重问题，在老年学家和物理治疗师之间进行了很多讨论。在老年人中，跌倒是常见的、危险的和昂贵的。老年人对再次跌倒的恐惧会导致自信心下降、生活质量下降和生活能力下降。本研究的目的是发现核心稳定性训练对有跌倒史的老年人的平衡和功能活动能力的影响。材料与方法:30例有跌倒史的老年人随机分为对照组(n = 15)和实验组(n = 15)。实验组进行了为期八周的40分钟核心稳定性训练，每周进行三次。8周运动前后，两组分别进行睁眼和闭眼静态平衡、动态平衡Timed Up and Go (TUG)测试和10米步行。对照组只做日常活动。采用双因素方差分析比较组间平均差异。结果:中央稳定性训练对睁眼和闭眼静平衡、TUG和10米步行有显著影响(P = 0.001)。对照组对睁眼静平衡、闭眼静平衡、TUG、10米步行等因素均无显著影响。训练结束后，实验组各项指标均显著优于对照组(0.91≤η 2≤0.94,P = 0.001)。结论:加强身体中央区域的肌肉似乎可以使老年人在日常活动中保持平衡。由于独立性对有跌倒史的人来说是非常重要的，通过将这些练习作为简单、低成本和适当的家庭锻炼活动来进行，可以提高他们的独立性和积极参与。
{"title":"The Effects of Core Stability Exercises on Balance and Walking in Elderly Fallers with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial","authors":"Hassan Sadeghi, S. Shojaedin, Elham Alijanpour, Ali Abbasi","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3502","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Falling is a serious concern among elderly which have made a lot of discussions between gerontologists and physical therapists. Falling is common, dangerous, and costly among the elderly population. Fear of falling again among elderly faller leads to decrease self-confidence, loss of life quality, and inability. The purpose of this study was to find the effects of core stability exercise on balance and functional mobility among elderly with a history of falling. Materials and Methods: Thirty elderly people with a history of falling were randomly divided into control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups. The experimental group performed a 40-minute core stability exercise for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Before and after eight weeks of exercise program, static balance with open and closed eyes, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for dynamic balance, and 10-meter walking were taken in both groups. The control group only have the daily activities. The two-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean differences between groups. Results: Central stability training had a significant effect on static balance with open and closed eye, TUG, and 10-meter walking (P = 0.001). The control group did not show a significant effect on the factors of static balance with open eyes, static balance of closed eyes, TUG, and 10-meter walking. Following training period, the experimental group showed significantly better status in all variables compared to control group (0.91 ≤ η 2 ≤ 0.94, P = 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that strengthening the muscles in the central area of the body leads to maintaining balance in the elderly during daily activities. Since independency is very important in people with a history of falling, it can improve their independence and active participation by performing these exercises as simple, low-cost, and appropriate activities for home exercise.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130201890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-21DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3529
Fatemeh Saber-Jahromi, Mohammad Khayatzadeh-Mahani, Roya Ghasemzadeh, S. Shahali
Introduction: Dealing with a child with cerebral palsy (CP) is often accompanied by numerous limitations and troublesome parenting and long-term rehabilitation services may impose high pressure on parents. The therapists should understand the needs and expectations of parents to provide appropriate services to them. So, this study is conducted aiming to explore the experiences of parents of children with CP about therapists’ rehabilitation services in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, 10 parents of children with CP were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used for data gathering. Interview questions were about the experience of parents about therapists’ rehabilitation services. The data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis through constant comparative method. Results: The data analysis led to a category named “characteristics of therapists providing rehabilitation services” that was divided into three subcategories including “clinical competency, adherence to professional duties, and adherence to professional ethics”. Clinical competency consisted of being scientifically certified, being experienced in the field, and masculine attitude and adherence to professional duties included parent training, understanding the parents’ conditions, and attention to parents’ therapeutic priorities. Finally, the adherence to professional ethics was comprised of consideration of ethical issues regarding children and parents. Conclusion: Parents of children with CP stressed the need for therapists with clinical competencies, perform professional duties, and adhere to professional ethics. Therefore, therapists could provide better services through applying and implementing these principles.
{"title":"Exploring the Experiences of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy about Therapists’ Rehabilitation Services in Ahvaz, Iran: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Fatemeh Saber-Jahromi, Mohammad Khayatzadeh-Mahani, Roya Ghasemzadeh, S. Shahali","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3529","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dealing with a child with cerebral palsy (CP) is often accompanied by numerous limitations and troublesome parenting and long-term rehabilitation services may impose high pressure on parents. The therapists should understand the needs and expectations of parents to provide appropriate services to them. So, this study is conducted aiming to explore the experiences of parents of children with CP about therapists’ rehabilitation services in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, 10 parents of children with CP were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used for data gathering. Interview questions were about the experience of parents about therapists’ rehabilitation services. The data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis through constant comparative method. Results: The data analysis led to a category named “characteristics of therapists providing rehabilitation services” that was divided into three subcategories including “clinical competency, adherence to professional duties, and adherence to professional ethics”. Clinical competency consisted of being scientifically certified, being experienced in the field, and masculine attitude and adherence to professional duties included parent training, understanding the parents’ conditions, and attention to parents’ therapeutic priorities. Finally, the adherence to professional ethics was comprised of consideration of ethical issues regarding children and parents. Conclusion: Parents of children with CP stressed the need for therapists with clinical competencies, perform professional duties, and adhere to professional ethics. Therefore, therapists could provide better services through applying and implementing these principles.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123261228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-19DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3510
Setareh Deinali, R. Badami, Z. Meshkati, Sahar Faeghi
Introduction: The Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire is a self-administrable outcome tool designed to measure adverse childhood experiences. The aim of this study is to translate the ACE questionnaire into Persian and cross-culturally adapt it to athletes. Materials and Methods: The English version of the 10-item ACE was translated into Persian and completed by a sample of 210 athletes along with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the validity. Additionally, to measure reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and split-half coefficients were used. Convergent validity was also measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The validity of the Persian version of the CAE questionnaire was confirmed. The reliability values obtained in term of Cronbach's alpha and split-half coefficients were higher than 0.7. The correlation between ACE and CTQ was positive (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The Persian version of ACE is a reliable and valid measure in athletes.
童年不良经历(ACE)问卷是一种自我管理的结果工具，旨在测量童年不良经历。本研究的目的是将ACE问卷翻译成波斯语，并跨文化地适用于运动员。材料与方法:将10项ACE的英文版本翻译成波斯语，由210名运动员与儿童创伤问卷(CTQ)一起完成。采用探索性因子分析(EFA)和验证性因子分析(CFA)进行效度评价。此外，为了测量信度，使用了Cronbach 's alpha和split-half系数。采用Pearson相关系数测量收敛效度。结果:确认了波斯语CAE问卷的有效性。通过Cronbach's alpha和split-half系数得到的信度值均大于0.7。ACE与CTQ呈正相关(r = 0.68, P < 0.001)。结论:波斯版ACE是一种可靠、有效的测量方法。
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Modified Persian Version of Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire for Athletes","authors":"Setareh Deinali, R. Badami, Z. Meshkati, Sahar Faeghi","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3510","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire is a self-administrable outcome tool designed to measure adverse childhood experiences. The aim of this study is to translate the ACE questionnaire into Persian and cross-culturally adapt it to athletes. Materials and Methods: The English version of the 10-item ACE was translated into Persian and completed by a sample of 210 athletes along with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the validity. Additionally, to measure reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and split-half coefficients were used. Convergent validity was also measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The validity of the Persian version of the CAE questionnaire was confirmed. The reliability values obtained in term of Cronbach's alpha and split-half coefficients were higher than 0.7. The correlation between ACE and CTQ was positive (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The Persian version of ACE is a reliable and valid measure in athletes.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133915759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-16DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3545
A. A. Jadidian, M. Alizadeh, E. Shirzad
Introduction: The present study is conducted with the aim to investigating the effect of carrying backpacks and modified packs (with three bags that distribute the load equally in front and back of trunk) in two heights of placement including lumbar and thoracic, on craniovertebral angle, trunk angle, and the angle of hip and knee joints among the 8-11-year-old schoolboys during walking. Materials and Methods: Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 schoolboys participated in the study and fulfilled five tasks including walking without a pack, carrying backpack on lumbar area, backpack on thoracic area, modified packs on lumbar area, and modified packs on thoracic area. Then, the photogrammetry of the right side was performed by a camera (Panasonic, Japan). The target angles were measured as single-blind with Kinovea motion analysis software. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare tasks. Results: The results showed significant decrease in craniovertebral angle (increased forward head posture) in the task of carrying backpacks on thoracic area in contrast with the lumbar area, as well as increase in trunk forward lean while carrying packs (P 0.05). Conclusion: Carrying packs on lumbar area caused less postural variations, thus seeming better. Changing the position of the load concentrated on the back can more affect the kinematic parameters of schoolboys. The modified pack carriage only caused a little trunk forward lean which was lesser than that of backpack carriage, so it can be a good alternative for students’ backpack.
{"title":"Effect of Carrying Two Types of Packs in Two Heights of Placement (Lumbar and Thoracic) on some Kinematics Variables of Primary Schoolboys","authors":"A. A. Jadidian, M. Alizadeh, E. Shirzad","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3545","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study is conducted with the aim to investigating the effect of carrying backpacks and modified packs (with three bags that distribute the load equally in front and back of trunk) in two heights of placement including lumbar and thoracic, on craniovertebral angle, trunk angle, and the angle of hip and knee joints among the 8-11-year-old schoolboys during walking. Materials and Methods: Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 schoolboys participated in the study and fulfilled five tasks including walking without a pack, carrying backpack on lumbar area, backpack on thoracic area, modified packs on lumbar area, and modified packs on thoracic area. Then, the photogrammetry of the right side was performed by a camera (Panasonic, Japan). The target angles were measured as single-blind with Kinovea motion analysis software. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare tasks. Results: The results showed significant decrease in craniovertebral angle (increased forward head posture) in the task of carrying backpacks on thoracic area in contrast with the lumbar area, as well as increase in trunk forward lean while carrying packs (P 0.05). Conclusion: Carrying packs on lumbar area caused less postural variations, thus seeming better. Changing the position of the load concentrated on the back can more affect the kinematic parameters of schoolboys. The modified pack carriage only caused a little trunk forward lean which was lesser than that of backpack carriage, so it can be a good alternative for students’ backpack.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127715976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-16DOI: 10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3554
Natalie Gedayloo, Shahzad Tahmasebi-Boroujeni, M. Shojaei
مقدمه: اهمیت یادگیری پنهان و روشهای دستیابی به آن در یادگیری مهارتهای حرکتی رو به افزایش است. با این حال، تحقیقات اندکی در این زمینه بر روی کودکان انجام شده است و اثرات قیاس در عملکرد تحت فشار در کودکان مشخص نیست. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، مقايسه یادگیری قياسي (پنهان) و كلامي (آشکار) بر دقت و سرعت زوايهاي آرنج در مهارت پرتاب دارت کودکان بود. مواد و روشها: این مطالعه آزمایشی به صورت نیمه تجربی بر روی 24 کودک با میانگین سنی 20/2 ± 06/11 سال انجام شد. نمونهها به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه آموزش کلامی، قیاسی و شاهد تقسیم شدند. پس از پیشآزمون پرتاب دارت (10 كوشش)، شرکتکنندگان در 8 جلسه تمرین (هر جلسه 50 کوشش) تحت مداخله مربوط به خود قرار گرفتند. سپس آزمونهای یادداری و انتقال، 3 هفته بعد از آخرین جلسه اکتساب و با 10 کوشش در متغیرهای خطای شعاعی و سرعت زاویهای از آنها به عمل آمد. دادهها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب (4 × 3 در اجرا و 3 × 3 در سرعت زاویهای) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها: گروه کلامی در مراحل اکتساب (001/0 > P)، یادداری (003/0 = P) و انتقال (025/0 = P) کاهش معنیداری در خطاي شعاعي پرتاب داشت. با اين حال، افزایش خطا در مراحل یادداری (001/0 = P) و انتقال (001/0 > P) در گروه شاهد و مرحله انتقال در گروه قیاسی (038/0 = P) مشاهده گردید. همچنین، گروه کلامی افزایش معنیداری را در يادگيري سرعت زاويهاي آرنج نشان داد (005/0 = P)؛ در حالي كه تفاوت معنیداری بین مراحل آزمون در سایر گروهها مشاهده نشد (050/0 < P). نتیجهگیری: به نظر میرسد كه آموزش کلامی نسبت به قیاسی، موجب افزایش سرعت زاویهای، بهبود دقت و اجرای عملكرد میشود و بر عملکرد کودکان مؤثرتر است.
{"title":"The Effect of Verbal and Analogical Learning on the Accuracy and Angular Velocity of Dart-Throwing in Children","authors":"Natalie Gedayloo, Shahzad Tahmasebi-Boroujeni, M. Shojaei","doi":"10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22122/JRRS.V16I0.3554","url":null,"abstract":"مقدمه: اهمیت یادگیری پنهان و روشهای دستیابی به آن در یادگیری مهارتهای حرکتی رو به افزایش است. با این حال، تحقیقات اندکی در این زمینه بر روی کودکان انجام شده است و اثرات قیاس در عملکرد تحت فشار در کودکان مشخص نیست. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، مقايسه یادگیری قياسي (پنهان) و كلامي (آشکار) بر دقت و سرعت زوايهاي آرنج در مهارت پرتاب دارت کودکان بود. مواد و روشها: این مطالعه آزمایشی به صورت نیمه تجربی بر روی 24 کودک با میانگین سنی 20/2 ± 06/11 سال انجام شد. نمونهها به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه آموزش کلامی، قیاسی و شاهد تقسیم شدند. پس از پیشآزمون پرتاب دارت (10 كوشش)، شرکتکنندگان در 8 جلسه تمرین (هر جلسه 50 کوشش) تحت مداخله مربوط به خود قرار گرفتند. سپس آزمونهای یادداری و انتقال، 3 هفته بعد از آخرین جلسه اکتساب و با 10 کوشش در متغیرهای خطای شعاعی و سرعت زاویهای از آنها به عمل آمد. دادهها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب (4 × 3 در اجرا و 3 × 3 در سرعت زاویهای) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها: گروه کلامی در مراحل اکتساب (001/0 > P)، یادداری (003/0 = P) و انتقال (025/0 = P) کاهش معنیداری در خطاي شعاعي پرتاب داشت. با اين حال، افزایش خطا در مراحل یادداری (001/0 = P) و انتقال (001/0 > P) در گروه شاهد و مرحله انتقال در گروه قیاسی (038/0 = P) مشاهده گردید. همچنین، گروه کلامی افزایش معنیداری را در يادگيري سرعت زاويهاي آرنج نشان داد (005/0 = P)؛ در حالي كه تفاوت معنیداری بین مراحل آزمون در سایر گروهها مشاهده نشد (050/0 < P). نتیجهگیری: به نظر میرسد كه آموزش کلامی نسبت به قیاسی، موجب افزایش سرعت زاویهای، بهبود دقت و اجرای عملكرد میشود و بر عملکرد کودکان مؤثرتر است.","PeriodicalId":289923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114286472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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