Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) is one of the emerging standards for distributed objects. Before DCOM can be used to build mission-critical applications, the reliability and availability issues must be addressed. In this position paper, we outline the current research directions of the InterCOM project, which exploits the dynamic behavior, the extensible architecture, and the component software model of DCOM to provide fault tolerance capabilities to distributed applications.
{"title":"Reliability and availability issues in distributed component object model (DCOM)","authors":"Yi-Min Wang, O.P. Damani, Woei-Jyh Lee","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629957","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) is one of the emerging standards for distributed objects. Before DCOM can be used to build mission-critical applications, the reliability and availability issues must be addressed. In this position paper, we outline the current research directions of the InterCOM project, which exploits the dynamic behavior, the extensible architecture, and the component software model of DCOM to provide fault tolerance capabilities to distributed applications.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128099236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is no generally accepted definition of what electronic commerce is, nor how to classify different types of electronic transactions. Without a clear definition or taxonomy, it is bound to be difficult to organize electronic commerce-related research activities. Neither is it possible for organizations to frame their electronic commerce strategies to address such issues as product promotion, payment arrangements, customer support and product delivery/distribution. In this article, we develop such a taxonomy and to offer a definition of electronic commerce. First we review certain demographic profiles of Internet/Web users. We then assess a selected group of Web domains/sites that have attracted the most attention in the media, characteristics of the products and services the sites deliver. A few lessons in consumer behavior are drawn from the experiences in alternate media such as home-shopping TV and catalog shopping. Based on these, we define electronic commerce as consisting of transactions conducted on the Internet between buyers and sellers, with or without the aid of an intermediary, in which invoicing is completed electronically and payment with a credit card is authorized using a secure server (Level I.1) or by e-mail (Level I.2). We conclude by discussing the management implications of our taxonomy, including the potential value of Internet telephony.
{"title":"Successful product characteristics for electronic commerce: a taxonomy of transaction types","authors":"C.S. Thachenkary, S. Chatterjee, J. Katz","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629959","url":null,"abstract":"There is no generally accepted definition of what electronic commerce is, nor how to classify different types of electronic transactions. Without a clear definition or taxonomy, it is bound to be difficult to organize electronic commerce-related research activities. Neither is it possible for organizations to frame their electronic commerce strategies to address such issues as product promotion, payment arrangements, customer support and product delivery/distribution. In this article, we develop such a taxonomy and to offer a definition of electronic commerce. First we review certain demographic profiles of Internet/Web users. We then assess a selected group of Web domains/sites that have attracted the most attention in the media, characteristics of the products and services the sites deliver. A few lessons in consumer behavior are drawn from the experiences in alternate media such as home-shopping TV and catalog shopping. Based on these, we define electronic commerce as consisting of transactions conducted on the Internet between buyers and sellers, with or without the aid of an intermediary, in which invoicing is completed electronically and payment with a credit card is authorized using a secure server (Level I.1) or by e-mail (Level I.2). We conclude by discussing the management implications of our taxonomy, including the potential value of Internet telephony.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115087798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During 1995, BellSouth constructed an advanced multimedia network in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. This network has been operational for over a year. This paper describes the expectations and accomplishments of that effort and the knowledge gained that can be applied to future networks.
{"title":"BellSouth interactive media services in Chamblee, GA","authors":"D. Estes","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629964","url":null,"abstract":"During 1995, BellSouth constructed an advanced multimedia network in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. This network has been operational for over a year. This paper describes the expectations and accomplishments of that effort and the knowledge gained that can be applied to future networks.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"253 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120971550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of multimedia applications on the Internet is growing each day. Also, a wide variety of online services have been offered to telecom network users. However, the introduction of new services remains lengthy, and access to new services is often a painstaking task. One of the main reasons behind this problem is the lack of standards for describing information and services. Therefore, a standard for classifying services by fields and features is needed. This becomes a real prerequisite for success in a telecom market that is open for competition. After giving a survey of some previous initiatives in this field, we present a generic service model and propose a set of solutions using standard languages, such as KQML and SGML, within a distributed architecture hosting intelligent agents. This approach also allows service providers to build on the existing infrastructure and to evolve it into an open, knowledge-aware, integrated business platform.
{"title":"Intelligent agents for on-line commerce: a crying need for service standardization","authors":"C. Vermeulen, B. Bauwens","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629960","url":null,"abstract":"The number of multimedia applications on the Internet is growing each day. Also, a wide variety of online services have been offered to telecom network users. However, the introduction of new services remains lengthy, and access to new services is often a painstaking task. One of the main reasons behind this problem is the lack of standards for describing information and services. Therefore, a standard for classifying services by fields and features is needed. This becomes a real prerequisite for success in a telecom market that is open for competition. After giving a survey of some previous initiatives in this field, we present a generic service model and propose a set of solutions using standard languages, such as KQML and SGML, within a distributed architecture hosting intelligent agents. This approach also allows service providers to build on the existing infrastructure and to evolve it into an open, knowledge-aware, integrated business platform.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128155523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduces a design framework for analyzing different intermediation structures in dynamic content creation and information distribution supply chains. The framework is developed around the concepts of content modularization and postponement. In the framework, modularization is related to inbound content as a combination of the different information components used in the assembly of the digital product. Postponement corresponds to the point in the channel where the product gets customized based on preferences or local knowledge. The presented framework is characterized by four structures defined according to the combined level of modularization and postponement: rigid/sequential, customized, modularized and flexible. A key finding of the framework is that the choice of intermediation structure is a function of content and organizational structure/decision rights. Also, another finding is that rigid or sequential structures are desirable for real-time products under quality-of-service and service-time constraints, while flexible supply chains are more desirable under competitive differentiation and customization constraints.
{"title":"Information supply-chains and Webcasting: a design framework","authors":"R. Kalakota","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629962","url":null,"abstract":"Introduces a design framework for analyzing different intermediation structures in dynamic content creation and information distribution supply chains. The framework is developed around the concepts of content modularization and postponement. In the framework, modularization is related to inbound content as a combination of the different information components used in the assembly of the digital product. Postponement corresponds to the point in the channel where the product gets customized based on preferences or local knowledge. The presented framework is characterized by four structures defined according to the combined level of modularization and postponement: rigid/sequential, customized, modularized and flexible. A key finding of the framework is that the choice of intermediation structure is a function of content and organizational structure/decision rights. Also, another finding is that rigid or sequential structures are desirable for real-time products under quality-of-service and service-time constraints, while flexible supply chains are more desirable under competitive differentiation and customization constraints.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129431088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is becoming increasingly clear that the next generation of Internet applications will involve the efficient exchange of real-time information. The current Internet technology does not provide sufficient support for such applications. Instead, the current protocols and engines on the Internet are designed for static information browsing. A primary goal of this research project is to study the requirements of Internet applications requiring extensive real-time information exchange and to develop a framework and the required middleware which can be used to write such scalable collaborative applications over the Internet. This paper describes the architecture and the implementation of such a system called Villa. Villa is based on an asynchronous event-based toolkit and is designed to build scalable collaborative applications over the Internet.
{"title":"Villa: an event based middleware for real-time collaboration on the Internet","authors":"B. Mukherjee, S. Bhola, S. Doddapaneni","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629958","url":null,"abstract":"It is becoming increasingly clear that the next generation of Internet applications will involve the efficient exchange of real-time information. The current Internet technology does not provide sufficient support for such applications. Instead, the current protocols and engines on the Internet are designed for static information browsing. A primary goal of this research project is to study the requirements of Internet applications requiring extensive real-time information exchange and to develop a framework and the required middleware which can be used to write such scalable collaborative applications over the Internet. This paper describes the architecture and the implementation of such a system called Villa. Villa is based on an asynchronous event-based toolkit and is designed to build scalable collaborative applications over the Internet.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133037505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Slovenia we have over 100 cable networks with approximately 220,000 cable connections. Some networks are in the reconstruction phase-topology of the system is transformed, the frequency band of networks is being increased, while the networks are being enabled for two-way communication. Several pilot projects are being carried out in Slovenia. An innovative technical solution for the cable modems was found. For these modems amplitude shift keying modulation was used. The speed is 1.25 Mbps and the frequency band is 6 MHz in each direction. At the present network load, users can reach transfer rate up to 750 kbps. The second pilot project is underway in Maribor, second biggest city in Slovenia. It is a tree topology system and has over 10,000 connections. At the moment, individual branches for enabling two-way communication are being brought up to date, at the same time domestic equipment and the equipment of different manufacturers is being tested.
{"title":"Cable systems and test trials with cable modems in Slovenia","authors":"M. Debevc, R. Ratej","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629965","url":null,"abstract":"In Slovenia we have over 100 cable networks with approximately 220,000 cable connections. Some networks are in the reconstruction phase-topology of the system is transformed, the frequency band of networks is being increased, while the networks are being enabled for two-way communication. Several pilot projects are being carried out in Slovenia. An innovative technical solution for the cable modems was found. For these modems amplitude shift keying modulation was used. The speed is 1.25 Mbps and the frequency band is 6 MHz in each direction. At the present network load, users can reach transfer rate up to 750 kbps. The second pilot project is underway in Maribor, second biggest city in Slovenia. It is a tree topology system and has over 10,000 connections. At the moment, individual branches for enabling two-way communication are being brought up to date, at the same time domestic equipment and the equipment of different manufacturers is being tested.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131186632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Residential use of computer communication is a major topic in current computer and telecommunication research, and it is important to design a network platform which is capable of supporting residential users. As one such platform, we discuss the regional community network system. Employing fiber-optic subscriber lines, it provides a cost-effective LAN-like environment to regional community members. We assume that this system will become the basic access platform for residential users' computer communications in the near future. After completing our basic study and design, we started field testing this network system using about 180 families at NTT company houses located in Hayashi, Yokosuka, Japan, in October 1995. We installed optical subscriber lines to each family's home to provide a computer communication environment. The trial has two goals: to prove the feasibility of the system and to determine how residential users apply the network. Though we provided only the basic network infrastructure with virtually no information content, trial participants quickly learnt to post messages and to make their own contents on the network. This trial is scheduled to continue until 1998. This paper is an interim report and shows how the participants used the regional community network in the first year of the trial.
{"title":"The field trial of regional community network in Hayashi company houses","authors":"M. Morisaki, G. Nishio, M. Mori, H. Tsuji","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629963","url":null,"abstract":"Residential use of computer communication is a major topic in current computer and telecommunication research, and it is important to design a network platform which is capable of supporting residential users. As one such platform, we discuss the regional community network system. Employing fiber-optic subscriber lines, it provides a cost-effective LAN-like environment to regional community members. We assume that this system will become the basic access platform for residential users' computer communications in the near future. After completing our basic study and design, we started field testing this network system using about 180 families at NTT company houses located in Hayashi, Yokosuka, Japan, in October 1995. We installed optical subscriber lines to each family's home to provide a computer communication environment. The trial has two goals: to prove the feasibility of the system and to determine how residential users apply the network. Though we provided only the basic network infrastructure with virtually no information content, trial participants quickly learnt to post messages and to make their own contents on the network. This trial is scheduled to continue until 1998. This paper is an interim report and shows how the participants used the regional community network in the first year of the trial.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116149017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhabited TV is a vision of future television services in which multi-user virtual environments deliver unprecedented levels of audience participation. Social chat and interaction are mixed with professional content and programming to create on-line communities. The Mirror was a ground-breaking collaborative experiment in Inhabited TV created by BT, Sony Illuminations and the BBC. Six on-line worlds were available to over 2000 viewers of the BBC2 series "The Net" in January and February 1997, and this paper provides an overview of the project.
{"title":"The mirror-reflections on inhabited TV","authors":"G. Walker","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629968","url":null,"abstract":"Inhabited TV is a vision of future television services in which multi-user virtual environments deliver unprecedented levels of audience participation. Social chat and interaction are mixed with professional content and programming to create on-line communities. The Mirror was a ground-breaking collaborative experiment in Inhabited TV created by BT, Sony Illuminations and the BBC. Six on-line worlds were available to over 2000 viewers of the BBC2 series \"The Net\" in January and February 1997, and this paper provides an overview of the project.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132777630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cable industry has begun testing and deploying high speed cable modems for data delivery. However, practical network designs require the estimation and prediction of performance under realistic traffic models and must consider the dominant factors that affect packet loss probabilities and offered load. In this paper we evaluate the use of a stochastic model of WWW client-server transactions as a tool for network design and analysis. Specifically, a sensitivity analysis of the model is performed to identify the impact various model parameters have on predicted packet loss probabilities in an Internet access network utilizing CATV transport. The traffic model used is a self-similar traffic model in which the inter-arrival times of document requests generated by each source is based on a two-state ON-OFF source model described and the length of each document is given by a Pareto distribution. We investigate the results of using such a model in predicting a number of network performance parameters including buffer requirements and achieved channel utilization. We also evaluate the number of WWW users that a head-end can support for a specific bandwidth. The effects of multiplexing, decreasing the inter-arrival times, increasing the length of the ON period, changing the tail of the document size distribution, and increasing the buffer size are all considered. We also identify which parameters most affect the packet loss probability and the offered load on the system. Such parameters will be the dominant factors that need to be used in network and capacity planning for CATV data delivery systems.
{"title":"Network design of cable modem systems for WWW applications","authors":"S. Hrastar, A. Adas","doi":"10.1109/CN.1997.629955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CN.1997.629955","url":null,"abstract":"The cable industry has begun testing and deploying high speed cable modems for data delivery. However, practical network designs require the estimation and prediction of performance under realistic traffic models and must consider the dominant factors that affect packet loss probabilities and offered load. In this paper we evaluate the use of a stochastic model of WWW client-server transactions as a tool for network design and analysis. Specifically, a sensitivity analysis of the model is performed to identify the impact various model parameters have on predicted packet loss probabilities in an Internet access network utilizing CATV transport. The traffic model used is a self-similar traffic model in which the inter-arrival times of document requests generated by each source is based on a two-state ON-OFF source model described and the length of each document is given by a Pareto distribution. We investigate the results of using such a model in predicting a number of network performance parameters including buffer requirements and achieved channel utilization. We also evaluate the number of WWW users that a head-end can support for a specific bandwidth. The effects of multiplexing, decreasing the inter-arrival times, increasing the length of the ON period, changing the tail of the document size distribution, and increasing the buffer size are all considered. We also identify which parameters most affect the packet loss probability and the offered load on the system. Such parameters will be the dominant factors that need to be used in network and capacity planning for CATV data delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":292403,"journal":{"name":"1997 Fourth International Workshop on Community Networking Processing","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116176048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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