Songs and singing in school: Danish school singing between tangible and intangible cultural heritage For centuries, singing has played a vital role in elementary schools in Denmark. During the 20th Century, singing’s significance – in Denmark as well as elsewhere in Europe – was gradually downplayed, and singing was reduced from an independent subject and an overarching activity to a subdiscipline under the broader subject of “Music”. In the 2020’s a renewed interest in communal singing is surging in Denmark; this also entails an increasing focus on the benefits of school singing. Political and societal discourse is fraught with wishes of revitalizing singing culture in schools. However, the arguments to support such wishes are quite different in nature, sometimes leading to misconceptions. This article aims to show that arguments for school singing fall within a continuum between two poles: In one end of the continuum, singing is valued as a way to preserve a culturally valued repertoire of songs, and in the other end, singing is valued as a beneficial activity regardless of what is being sung. The purpose of the article is thus to establish a conceptual distinction that has hitherto been unclear, underscored by the inability of the Danish language to discriminate clearly between “song” and “singing”. To support our case, we mobilize the conceptual pair of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, arguing that these can be mapped on to the distinction between school singing as preservation of songs vs. as an activity in its own right. Further, we trace the occurrence and connotation of the word “song” in Danish public newspapers from the late 18th Century to the 2020’s, showing that the term does indeed fluctuate between connotations of tangible and intangible cultural heritage throughout the period.
{"title":"Sang og syngning i skolen","authors":"Lea Wierød Borčak, Katrine Frøkjær Baunvig","doi":"10.7146/sang.v4i.145310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/sang.v4i.145310","url":null,"abstract":"Songs and singing in school: Danish school singing between tangible and intangible cultural heritage \u0000For centuries, singing has played a vital role in elementary schools in Denmark. During the 20th Century, singing’s significance – in Denmark as well as elsewhere in Europe – was gradually downplayed, and singing was reduced from an independent subject and an overarching activity to a subdiscipline under the broader subject of “Music”. In the 2020’s a renewed interest in communal singing is surging in Denmark; this also entails an increasing focus on the benefits of school singing. Political and societal discourse is fraught with wishes of revitalizing singing culture in schools. However, the arguments to support such wishes are quite different in nature, sometimes leading to misconceptions. This article aims to show that arguments for school singing fall within a continuum between two poles: In one end of the continuum, singing is valued as a way to preserve a culturally valued repertoire of songs, and in the other end, singing is valued as a beneficial activity regardless of what is being sung. The purpose of the article is thus to establish a conceptual distinction that has hitherto been unclear, underscored by the inability of the Danish language to discriminate clearly between “song” and “singing”. To support our case, we mobilize the conceptual pair of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, arguing that these can be mapped on to the distinction between school singing as preservation of songs vs. as an activity in its own right. Further, we trace the occurrence and connotation of the word “song” in Danish public newspapers from the late 18th Century to the 2020’s, showing that the term does indeed fluctuate between connotations of tangible and intangible cultural heritage throughout the period.","PeriodicalId":292790,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskriftet SANG","volume":"54 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fællessang på flere måder","authors":"Sten Høgel","doi":"10.7146/sang.vi.142286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/sang.vi.142286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292790,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskriftet SANG","volume":"539 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"På sporet af den tabte revolution","authors":"Line Rishøj","doi":"10.7146/sang.vi.142290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/sang.vi.142290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292790,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskriftet SANG","volume":"551 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let Us All Sing!An Investigation of Metareferentiality in Hymn Singing from an Intermedial Perspective A number of hymns in The Danish Hymnal thematize the act of singing hymns together, thus incorporating a metareferential dimension. This article examines the significance and impact of this metareferentiality on the analysis of such hymns and for the understanding of the social context and practices they are embedded in. The theoretical framework for examining metareferentiality within a musical context is based on Werner Wolf’s definition, which characterizes metareferentiality as a form of self-reference that implies a reflection on the work’s media per se. It is argued that when applied to hymns and songs, this definition must be complemented with Lea Wierød Borčak’s view of hymns as both an emergent intermedial fusion of text and music and as a social practice. Building on this theoretical point of departure, this article analyzes the metareferential hymn ”Guds Menighed, syng for vor Skaber i Løn” (1847) written by N. F. S. Grundtvig. The analysis investigates the influence of metareferentiality on both the internal meaningmaking of the hymn and the social practice by exploring the connection between the hymn and the folk song ”Harpens Kraft”, to which the text is set. I show that the metareferentiality is closely linked to the emergent intermedial and social character of the hymn, as the metareferences are only actualized through a concrete, situated act of singing. Finally, the article discusses the function of metareferentiality in a wider context, where it can be seen as compensatory for absence or social uncertainty. In a historical context, this may add interesting perspectives on N. F. S. Grundtvig’s ideas, where metareferential hymns may be viewed as concrete tools for strengthening communal singing. These insights open a discussion about the inclusive and exclusive effects of communal singing.
让我们一起唱！从中间视角探究赞美诗演唱中的元参照性 丹麦赞美诗》中的一些赞美诗将一起唱赞美诗的行为主题化，从而纳入了元参照维度。本文探讨了这种元参照性对分析此类赞美诗的意义和影响，以及对理解赞美诗所处的社会环境和实践的意义和影响。维纳-沃尔夫（Werner Wolf）将元参照性定义为一种自我参照形式，意味着对作品媒介本身的反思。本文认为，当应用于赞美诗和歌曲时，这一定义必须与 Lea Wierød Borčak 关于赞美诗的观点相辅相成，即赞美诗既是文本与音乐的新兴媒介融合，也是一种社会实践。基于这一理论出发点，本文分析了 N. F. S. Grundtvig 创作的元指涉赞美诗 "Guds Menighed, syng for vor Skaber i Løn"（1847 年）。该分析通过探讨赞美诗与民歌 "Harpens Kraft "之间的联系，研究了元参照性对赞美诗的内在意义和社会实践的影响。我的研究表明，元参照性与赞美诗新出现的媒介间性和社会性密切相关，因为元参照只有通过具体的、情景化的歌唱行为才能实现。最后，文章讨论了元参照性在更广泛背景下的功能，它可以被视为对缺失或社会不确定性的补偿。在历史背景下，这可能为格伦特维格（N. F. S. Grundtvig）的观点增添了有趣的视角，元参照性赞美诗可被视为加强集体歌唱的具体工具。这些见解开启了关于集体歌唱的包容性和排他性影响的讨论。
{"title":"Lad os alle synge!","authors":"Jakob Kjær Bødker","doi":"10.7146/sang.v4i.140097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/sang.v4i.140097","url":null,"abstract":"Let Us All Sing!An Investigation of Metareferentiality in Hymn Singing from an Intermedial Perspective A number of hymns in The Danish Hymnal thematize the act of singing hymns together, thus incorporating a metareferential dimension. This article examines the significance and impact of this metareferentiality on the analysis of such hymns and for the understanding of the social context and practices they are embedded in. The theoretical framework for examining metareferentiality within a musical context is based on Werner Wolf’s definition, which characterizes metareferentiality as a form of self-reference that implies a reflection on the work’s media per se. It is argued that when applied to hymns and songs, this definition must be complemented with Lea Wierød Borčak’s view of hymns as both an emergent intermedial fusion of text and music and as a social practice. Building on this theoretical point of departure, this article analyzes the metareferential hymn ”Guds Menighed, syng for vor Skaber i Løn” (1847) written by N. F. S. Grundtvig. The analysis investigates the influence of metareferentiality on both the internal meaningmaking of the hymn and the social practice by exploring the connection between the hymn and the folk song ”Harpens Kraft”, to which the text is set. I show that the metareferentiality is closely linked to the emergent intermedial and social character of the hymn, as the metareferences are only actualized through a concrete, situated act of singing. Finally, the article discusses the function of metareferentiality in a wider context, where it can be seen as compensatory for absence or social uncertainty. In a historical context, this may add interesting perspectives on N. F. S. Grundtvig’s ideas, where metareferential hymns may be viewed as concrete tools for strengthening communal singing. These insights open a discussion about the inclusive and exclusive effects of communal singing.","PeriodicalId":292790,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskriftet SANG","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Varm op: En håndbog om koropvarmning, stemmetræning og sang i fællesskab","authors":"Frieda Funk","doi":"10.7146/sang.v4i.139802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/sang.v4i.139802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292790,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskriftet SANG","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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