Theory Pract. Object Syst.最新文献

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Trader Down Under: Upside Down and Inside Out 下面的交易者:颠倒和内外

Theory Pract. Object Syst.

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9942(1997)3:1<15::AID-TAPO3>3.0.CO;2-6

M. Bearman, K. Duddy, K. Raymond, A. Vogel

In this article we present a new object-oriented design of a trader customized to the CORBA environment as a CORBA Service. Key design decisions include the separation of trader, service types, and service offers, the reuse of OMG's CORBA services, and the application of a fine-grain object model. Emphasis is also placed on the federation of traders by specifying interfaces for this purpose and a federation protocol. The fine-grain object model allows a wide range of implementations and configurations to satisfy different user requirements. This design is an object-oriented alternative to the trader specification to be adopted by the OMG.

在本文中，我们提出了一种新的面向对象的交易器设计，该交易器是为CORBA环境定制的，作为CORBA服务。关键的设计决策包括交易者、服务类型和服务提供的分离、OMG的CORBA服务的重用以及细粒度对象模型的应用。通过指定用于此目的的接口和联合协议，还强调了交易商的联合。细粒度对象模型允许广泛的实现和配置，以满足不同的用户需求。这种设计是OMG将采用的交易员规范的面向对象替代方案。

引用次数: 11

Building Reliable Distributed Systems with CORBA 用CORBA构建可靠的分布式系统

Theory Pract. Object Syst.

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9942(1997)3:1<31::AID-TAPO4>3.0.CO;2-A

Sean Landis, Silvano Maffeis

New classes of large-scale distributed applications will have to deal with unpredictable communication delays, with partial failures, and with networks that partition. In addition, sophisticated applications such as teleconferencing, video-on-demand, and concurrent software engineering require a group communication abstraction. These paradigms are not adequately addressed by CORBA. CORBA mainly deals with point-to-point communication and offers no support for the development of reliable applications that exhibit predictable behavior in distributed systems. In this article, we present extensions to CORBA which provide group communication, reliability, and fault tolerance. We also describe Orbix+Isis and Electra—two CORBA object request brokers that support the implementation of reliable distributed applications and groupware. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

新型的大规模分布式应用程序将不得不处理不可预测的通信延迟、局部故障和网络分区。此外，诸如电话会议、视频点播和并发软件工程等复杂的应用程序需要组通信抽象。CORBA没有充分处理这些范例。CORBA主要处理点对点通信，不支持开发在分布式系统中表现出可预测行为的可靠应用程序。在本文中，我们将介绍CORBA的扩展，这些扩展提供组通信、可靠性和容错性。我们还描述了Orbix+Isis和electric -两个CORBA对象请求代理，它们支持可靠的分布式应用程序和组件的实现。©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

引用次数: 117

Breaking Through the n3 Barrier: Faster Object Type Inference 突破n3障碍:更快的对象类型推断

Theory Pract. Object Syst.

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9942(199901/03)5:1<57::AID-TAPO5>3.0.CO;2-U

F. Henglein

Abadi and Cardelli [1] present a series of type systems for their object calculi, four of which are first-order. Palsberg [22] has shown how typability in each one of these systems can be decided in time O(n3) and space O(n2), where n is the size of an untyped object expression, using an algorithm based on dynamic transitive closure. In this paper we improve each one of the four type inference problems from O(n3) to the following time complexities: [see article pdf to view table] Furthermore, our algorithms improve the space complexity from O(n2) to O(n) in each case. The key ingredient that lets us “beat” the worst-case time and space complexity induced by general dynamic transitive closure or similar algorithmic methods is that object subtyping, in contrast to record subtyping, is invariant: an object type is a subtype of a “shorter” type with a subset of the method names if and only if the common components have equal types. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Abadi和Cardelli[1]给出了他们的对象演算的一系列类型系统，其中四个是一阶的。Palsberg[22]展示了如何使用基于动态传递闭包的算法，在时间O(n3)和空间O(n2)中决定这些系统中的可类型性，其中n是无类型对象表达式的大小。在本文中，我们将四种类型推理问题中的每一个从O(n3)提高到以下时间复杂度:[见文章pdf查看表]此外，我们的算法在每种情况下将空间复杂度从O(n2)提高到O(n)。让我们“战胜”由一般动态传递闭包或类似算法方法引起的最坏情况的时间和空间复杂性的关键因素是，与记录子类型相比，对象子类型是不变的:当且仅当公共组件具有相同类型时，对象类型是具有方法名子集的“较短”类型的子类型。©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

引用次数: 16

Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages - Introduction 面向对象语言基础-导论

Theory Pract. Object Syst.

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9942(199901/03)5:1<1::AID-TAPO1>3.0.CO;2-Y

B. Pierce

引用次数: 3

Architectural Support for Quality of Service for CORBA Objects 对CORBA对象服务质量的体系结构支持

Theory Pract. Object Syst.

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9942(1997)3:1<55::AID-TAPO6>3.0.CO;2-6

J. Zinky, D. Bakken, R. Schantz

CORBA is a commercial standard for distributed object computing which shows great promise in the development of distributed programs. Its interface description language (IDL) enables objects to be developed independently of the underlying programming language, operating system, or computer architecture on which they will execute. While this is sufficient in many environments, programs deployed in a wide-area distributed system encounter conditions which are much more hostile and varying than those operating in a single address space or within a single local area network. In this paper we discuss four major problems we have observed in our developing and deploying wide-area distributed object applications and middleware. First, most programs are developed ignoring the variable wide area conditions. Second, when application programmers do try to handle these conditions, they have great difficulty because these harsh conditions are different from those of the local objects they are used to dealing with. Third, IDL hides information about the tradeoffs any implementation of an object must make. Fourth, there is presently no way to systematically reuse current technology components which deal with these conditions, so code sharing becomes impractical. In this paper we also describe our architecture, Quality of Service for CORBA Objects (QuO), which we have developed to overcome these limitations and integrate their solution by providing QoS abstractions to CORBA objects. First, it makes these conditions first class entities and integrates knowledge of them over time, space, and source. Second, it reduces their variance by masking. Third, it exposes key design decisions of an object's implementation and how it will be used. Fourth, it supports reuse of various architectural components and automatically generates others. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

CORBA是一种用于分布式对象计算的商业标准，在分布式程序的开发中显示出巨大的前景。它的接口描述语言(IDL)使对象能够独立于它们将要执行的底层编程语言、操作系统或计算机体系结构进行开发。虽然这在许多环境中是足够的，但部署在广域分布式系统中的程序遇到的条件比在单个地址空间或单个局域网中运行的程序更加恶劣和多变。在本文中，我们讨论了我们在开发和部署广域分布式对象应用程序和中间件时观察到的四个主要问题。首先，大多数程序的开发忽略了可变的广域条件。其次，当应用程序程序员试图处理这些条件时，他们会遇到很大的困难，因为这些苛刻的条件与他们习惯处理的本地对象的条件不同。第三，IDL隐藏了关于任何对象实现必须做出的权衡的信息。第四，目前还没有办法系统地重用处理这些条件的现有技术组件，因此代码共享变得不切实际。在本文中，我们还描述了我们的体系结构，CORBA对象的服务质量(QuO)，我们开发该体系结构是为了克服这些限制，并通过向CORBA对象提供QoS抽象来集成它们的解决方案。首先，它使这些条件成为一流的实体，并将它们的知识随时间、空间和来源进行整合。其次，它通过掩蔽来减少方差。第三，它公开了对象实现的关键设计决策以及如何使用它。第四，它支持各种架构组件的重用，并自动生成其他组件。©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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引用次数: 573

Inheritance of Proofs 证明的继承

Theory Pract. Object Syst.

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9942(1998)4:1<51::AID-TAPO4>3.0.CO;2-A

M. Hofmann, Wolfgang Naraschewski, M. Steffen, T. Stroup

The Curry-Howard isomorphism, a fundamental property shared by many type theories, establishes a direct correspondence between programs and proofs. This suggests that the same structuring principles that ease programming be used to simplify proving as well. To exploit object-oriented structuring mechanisms for veriication, we extend the object-model of Pierce and Turner, based on the higher-order typed-calculus F ! , with a logical component. By enriching the (functional) signature of objects with a speciication, the methods and their correctness proofs are packed together in the objects. The uniform treatment of methods and proofs gives rise in a natural way to object-oriented proving principles | including inheritance of proofs, late binding of proofs, and encapsulation of proofs | as analogues to object-oriented programming principles. We have used Lego, a type-theoretic proof checker, to explore the feasibility of this approach. In particular, we have veriied a small hierarchy of classes. 1. Introduction Many programming languages have been developed to ease modular and structured design of programs. The popularity of powerful structuring techniques, including object-oriented ones, is a convincing argument that those mechanisms support the programming task. Depending on the programming style, they cater to divide-and-conquer strategies for breaking down large programs into abstract data types, modules, objects, or similar. Since the resulting components ideally mirror the decomposition of the problem into conceptually

Curry-Howard同构是许多类型理论共有的一个基本性质，它建立了程序和证明之间的直接对应关系。这表明简化编程的结构化原则也可以用于简化证明。为了利用面向对象的结构机制进行验证，我们扩展了Pierce和Turner的对象模型，基于高阶类型演算F !，其中包含逻辑组件。通过用规范丰富对象的(功能)签名，将方法及其正确性证明打包在对象中。方法和证明的统一处理以一种自然的方式产生了面向对象的证明原则，包括证明的继承、证明的后期绑定和证明的封装，作为面向对象编程原则的类比。我们使用类型理论证明检查器Lego来探索这种方法的可行性。特别是，我们已经验证了一个小的类层次结构。1. 许多编程语言都是为了简化程序的模块化和结构化设计而开发的。强大的结构化技术(包括面向对象技术)的流行是一个令人信服的论据，说明这些机制支持编程任务。根据编程风格的不同，它们采用分而治之的策略，将大型程序分解为抽象数据类型、模块、对象或类似的东西。因为所得到的组件理想地反映了问题在概念上的分解

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引用次数: 11

A Perspective on Object-Oriented Research 面向对象研究的展望

Theory Pract. Object Syst.

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/j.1096-9942.1995.tb00013.x

P. Wegner

引用次数: 0

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