Energy serves as the prime mover for every country’s growth. It is the fundamental requirement of each country in the present era. As the population increases day by day the electricity demand is also increasing rapidly. Pakistan has been facing the worst energy crises in this decade since its creation. The leading cause of this deprive is the mismanagement of government and poor policies. Pakistan is a country with massive potential of clean and green renewable sources of energy, wind energy holds a significant position in it, 50 GW of wind energy farms have been installed throughout the world. In Pakistan around 1237 MW wind power farms are installed out of which a major share contained by the Sindh province with the installed capacity of about 935 MW. This paper analyses the positive steps taken in the wind power sector of our country and Sindh province. Moreover, some recommendations are also presented regarding wind power potential which will be beneficial for insertion of the huge amount of cheap po...
{"title":"A review of wind energy potential in Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"M. Ahmed, Muhammad Ali, I. A. Memon","doi":"10.1063/1.5115376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115376","url":null,"abstract":"Energy serves as the prime mover for every country’s growth. It is the fundamental requirement of each country in the present era. As the population increases day by day the electricity demand is also increasing rapidly. Pakistan has been facing the worst energy crises in this decade since its creation. The leading cause of this deprive is the mismanagement of government and poor policies. Pakistan is a country with massive potential of clean and green renewable sources of energy, wind energy holds a significant position in it, 50 GW of wind energy farms have been installed throughout the world. In Pakistan around 1237 MW wind power farms are installed out of which a major share contained by the Sindh province with the installed capacity of about 935 MW. This paper analyses the positive steps taken in the wind power sector of our country and Sindh province. Moreover, some recommendations are also presented regarding wind power potential which will be beneficial for insertion of the huge amount of cheap po...","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114873109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensing and monitoring is vital for overhead structures such as High Voltage transmission lines (HVTLs) which may be damaged by severe weather conditions and environment, resulting in undesired variation in transmission lines. These sensors need to be continuously powered-up despite hazards. These current carrying conductors generate uncoupled electric and magnetic fields in close vicinity. The aim of this investigation is to analyze various high permeability materials with respect to their efficacy to concentrate the magnetic field when placed near the power lines which will complement the current induction process in the coil of energy harvester. High Magnetic permeable material such as Mu-Metal, silicon Steel and Ferrite were studied in terms of their ability to concentrate the magnetic flux for energy harvesting applications when placed under the region of magnetic field, produced by HVTLs. The modeling and Finite Element Analysis were done using finite Element code program Maxwell 3D from ANSYS which uses Maxwell Equations to solve complex Electromagnetic problems. In this study, different shapes and orientations of these High permeable materials were modeled, simulated and ultimately results were compiled. Mu-Metal showed the most desirable results due to its high ability to concentrate the magnetic flux and hence, induced voltages comparably much more than its other counterparts.
{"title":"Investigation on employability of high magnetic permeable materials for energy harvesting application in high voltage power lines magnetic field zone","authors":"H. Pervaiz, A. H. Khawaja","doi":"10.1063/1.5115372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115372","url":null,"abstract":"Sensing and monitoring is vital for overhead structures such as High Voltage transmission lines (HVTLs) which may be damaged by severe weather conditions and environment, resulting in undesired variation in transmission lines. These sensors need to be continuously powered-up despite hazards. These current carrying conductors generate uncoupled electric and magnetic fields in close vicinity. The aim of this investigation is to analyze various high permeability materials with respect to their efficacy to concentrate the magnetic field when placed near the power lines which will complement the current induction process in the coil of energy harvester. High Magnetic permeable material such as Mu-Metal, silicon Steel and Ferrite were studied in terms of their ability to concentrate the magnetic flux for energy harvesting applications when placed under the region of magnetic field, produced by HVTLs. The modeling and Finite Element Analysis were done using finite Element code program Maxwell 3D from ANSYS which uses Maxwell Equations to solve complex Electromagnetic problems. In this study, different shapes and orientations of these High permeable materials were modeled, simulated and ultimately results were compiled. Mu-Metal showed the most desirable results due to its high ability to concentrate the magnetic flux and hence, induced voltages comparably much more than its other counterparts.","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128297212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In modern power system the dependency on the large centralized generation network has been reduced by installing local Distributed Generation (DG), integrated at medium or high voltage level with power distribution system. In many researches the permanent integration of these DGs with different capacities is discussed. It is investigated that these DGs may create technical problems under the high load variations. An intelligent operational management system is required to operate the DGs in the conditions of highly load variation. In this paper an operating mechanism of Photovoltaic (PV) and Energy from the Municipal Solid Waste based distributed generation at optimal sites is proposed. Partial or conditional integration of these DGs have been carried out under scheduled load variation. The performance analysis of the distribution system is carried out here under different load scenarios and effectiveness of proposed technique is presented. It is depicted from the findings of the proposed technique that DGs not only reduce the power demand on utility grid but also reduce energy loss and enhance the end user voltage profile.In modern power system the dependency on the large centralized generation network has been reduced by installing local Distributed Generation (DG), integrated at medium or high voltage level with power distribution system. In many researches the permanent integration of these DGs with different capacities is discussed. It is investigated that these DGs may create technical problems under the high load variations. An intelligent operational management system is required to operate the DGs in the conditions of highly load variation. In this paper an operating mechanism of Photovoltaic (PV) and Energy from the Municipal Solid Waste based distributed generation at optimal sites is proposed. Partial or conditional integration of these DGs have been carried out under scheduled load variation. The performance analysis of the distribution system is carried out here under different load scenarios and effectiveness of proposed technique is presented. It is depicted from the findings of the proposed technique that D...
{"title":"Operational management of renewable distributed generation integrated conditionally with the power distribution system","authors":"A. Rehman, S. Mushtaq, A. Shah, M. Abid","doi":"10.1063/1.5115374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115374","url":null,"abstract":"In modern power system the dependency on the large centralized generation network has been reduced by installing local Distributed Generation (DG), integrated at medium or high voltage level with power distribution system. In many researches the permanent integration of these DGs with different capacities is discussed. It is investigated that these DGs may create technical problems under the high load variations. An intelligent operational management system is required to operate the DGs in the conditions of highly load variation. In this paper an operating mechanism of Photovoltaic (PV) and Energy from the Municipal Solid Waste based distributed generation at optimal sites is proposed. Partial or conditional integration of these DGs have been carried out under scheduled load variation. The performance analysis of the distribution system is carried out here under different load scenarios and effectiveness of proposed technique is presented. It is depicted from the findings of the proposed technique that DGs not only reduce the power demand on utility grid but also reduce energy loss and enhance the end user voltage profile.In modern power system the dependency on the large centralized generation network has been reduced by installing local Distributed Generation (DG), integrated at medium or high voltage level with power distribution system. In many researches the permanent integration of these DGs with different capacities is discussed. It is investigated that these DGs may create technical problems under the high load variations. An intelligent operational management system is required to operate the DGs in the conditions of highly load variation. In this paper an operating mechanism of Photovoltaic (PV) and Energy from the Municipal Solid Waste based distributed generation at optimal sites is proposed. Partial or conditional integration of these DGs have been carried out under scheduled load variation. The performance analysis of the distribution system is carried out here under different load scenarios and effectiveness of proposed technique is presented. It is depicted from the findings of the proposed technique that D...","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129371350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial development plays an important role in economic growth but also results in resource depletion, environmental emissions and increased pressure on industries to respond to climate change. To address these challenges from a systems perspective, the concept of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has been applied at several industrial complexes around the world producing significant economic, environmental and social benefits. The EIP development uses IS as a driving force which tends to optimize resource flows by considering waste from one company as a raw material for another within the boundaries of an EIP. The experience of South Korea, a highly industrialized country and having more than 1,000 industrial complexes (72% share in the national economic output), provides an exemplary case for most developing countries including Pakistan. With a goal restructuring traditional industrial infrastructure, Korean government initiated a 15-year, 3-phase national EIP program in 2005 which focused on synergistic opportunities among co-located firms rather than the traditional end- of-the-pipe approaches (usually considered inefficient both economically and environmentally). The Korean EIP program was institutionalized under regional EIP centers at five demonstration sites which played an important role in bringing together all stakeholders including businessmen, government officials and researchers. Pakistan’s industrial base (24% of GDP), has been facing several challenges including technological inefficiencies and higher environmental pollution. Eco-industrial development becomes more important for Pakistan considering the recent development of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with an estimated investment above 40 billion US$ which is intended to modernize local infrastructure and economy along with the creation of special economic zones consisting of manufacturing and processing industries. Therefore, the successful symbiotic exchanges under the Korean EIP model can be thus applied in Pakistan for modernizing local industry by transforming them into EIPs that are economically beneficial, environmentally cleaner and technologically efficient.Industrial development plays an important role in economic growth but also results in resource depletion, environmental emissions and increased pressure on industries to respond to climate change. To address these challenges from a systems perspective, the concept of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has been applied at several industrial complexes around the world producing significant economic, environmental and social benefits. The EIP development uses IS as a driving force which tends to optimize resource flows by considering waste from one company as a raw material for another within the boundaries of an EIP. The experience of South Korea, a highly industrialized country and having more than 1,000 industrial complexes (72% share in the national economi
{"title":"Applying the Korean EIP program for sustainability and natural resource management: Industrial synergies under CPEC","authors":"I. Shah, Hung‐Suck Park","doi":"10.1063/1.5115375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115375","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial development plays an important role in economic growth but also results in resource depletion, environmental emissions and increased pressure on industries to respond to climate change. To address these challenges from a systems perspective, the concept of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has been applied at several industrial complexes around the world producing significant economic, environmental and social benefits. The EIP development uses IS as a driving force which tends to optimize resource flows by considering waste from one company as a raw material for another within the boundaries of an EIP. The experience of South Korea, a highly industrialized country and having more than 1,000 industrial complexes (72% share in the national economic output), provides an exemplary case for most developing countries including Pakistan. With a goal restructuring traditional industrial infrastructure, Korean government initiated a 15-year, 3-phase national EIP program in 2005 which focused on synergistic opportunities among co-located firms rather than the traditional end- of-the-pipe approaches (usually considered inefficient both economically and environmentally). The Korean EIP program was institutionalized under regional EIP centers at five demonstration sites which played an important role in bringing together all stakeholders including businessmen, government officials and researchers. Pakistan’s industrial base (24% of GDP), has been facing several challenges including technological inefficiencies and higher environmental pollution. Eco-industrial development becomes more important for Pakistan considering the recent development of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with an estimated investment above 40 billion US$ which is intended to modernize local infrastructure and economy along with the creation of special economic zones consisting of manufacturing and processing industries. Therefore, the successful symbiotic exchanges under the Korean EIP model can be thus applied in Pakistan for modernizing local industry by transforming them into EIPs that are economically beneficial, environmentally cleaner and technologically efficient.Industrial development plays an important role in economic growth but also results in resource depletion, environmental emissions and increased pressure on industries to respond to climate change. To address these challenges from a systems perspective, the concept of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has been applied at several industrial complexes around the world producing significant economic, environmental and social benefits. The EIP development uses IS as a driving force which tends to optimize resource flows by considering waste from one company as a raw material for another within the boundaries of an EIP. The experience of South Korea, a highly industrialized country and having more than 1,000 industrial complexes (72% share in the national economi","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122770055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahan Khan Magsi, I. A. Kandhar, R. Brohi, A. Channa
The contamination of water with extensive metal concentrations has been an extraordinary harmful and have unfriendly impact on environment. Biosorption is one of the natural treatments that have raised innovation for the removal of metal from fluid and is found more ecological friendly. The removal of trace metal concentrations from wastewater by using bioadsorbent prepared from the fish scales was determined during this study. Biosorption treatment was used by the application of fish scale to remove, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic from synthetic wastewater. During this study batch and column methods were applied by using varying doses, rpm, and contact time of the adsorbent were followed. The batch study at dose of 250 mg per 50 ml of wastewater showed maximum removal of copper 95% and arsenic 68 %. During the column study 20 g of bioadsorbent at flow rate one litre per 120 minutes at 2 hours contact time the removal of five metals were investigated, whereas the removal percent of copper was 99 %, chromium 96 %, lead 99 %, cadmium 98 %, and arsenic 98.3% was observed during the experiments on the synthetic wastewater treatment. The wastewater and treated water samples were analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The present study investigated fruitful utilization of fish scales as bioadsorbent.
{"title":"Removal of metals from water using fish scales as a bio adsorbent","authors":"Shahan Khan Magsi, I. A. Kandhar, R. Brohi, A. Channa","doi":"10.1063/1.5115382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115382","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of water with extensive metal concentrations has been an extraordinary harmful and have unfriendly impact on environment. Biosorption is one of the natural treatments that have raised innovation for the removal of metal from fluid and is found more ecological friendly. The removal of trace metal concentrations from wastewater by using bioadsorbent prepared from the fish scales was determined during this study. Biosorption treatment was used by the application of fish scale to remove, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic from synthetic wastewater. During this study batch and column methods were applied by using varying doses, rpm, and contact time of the adsorbent were followed. The batch study at dose of 250 mg per 50 ml of wastewater showed maximum removal of copper 95% and arsenic 68 %. During the column study 20 g of bioadsorbent at flow rate one litre per 120 minutes at 2 hours contact time the removal of five metals were investigated, whereas the removal percent of copper was 99 %, chromium 96 %, lead 99 %, cadmium 98 %, and arsenic 98.3% was observed during the experiments on the synthetic wastewater treatment. The wastewater and treated water samples were analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The present study investigated fruitful utilization of fish scales as bioadsorbent.","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126980654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atif Hussain Memon, F. Ahmed, Zeeshan Khatri, Avesh Kumar, Pardeep Kumar, Nadir Hussain
The removal of toxic heavy metals with nano fibers from the surface and ground water has gained enormous interest in the recent years to improve the quality of water. From these toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) is the most worrisome as it persists in the environment and cannot be broken down into less toxic substances. It has been discharged as a waste from various industrial operations, that is, metal plating, alloying and mining. Cd pollution is particularly concerning in the developing world in that the cadmium waste is not collected separately from general waste, and often ends up in landfills. In our study, Zein nano fibers were prepared via electro spinning technique and then used as an adsorbent material for the Cd ions removal. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized by atomic adsorption spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR and SEM measurements. Different parameters were used in the adsorption processes such as pH, contact time, mass of sheet and cadmium concentration to achieve maximum removal efficiency of ca...
{"title":"Selective adsorption of cadmium ions by nanofibers membrane from aqueous solution","authors":"Atif Hussain Memon, F. Ahmed, Zeeshan Khatri, Avesh Kumar, Pardeep Kumar, Nadir Hussain","doi":"10.1063/1.5115367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115367","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of toxic heavy metals with nano fibers from the surface and ground water has gained enormous interest in the recent years to improve the quality of water. From these toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) is the most worrisome as it persists in the environment and cannot be broken down into less toxic substances. It has been discharged as a waste from various industrial operations, that is, metal plating, alloying and mining. Cd pollution is particularly concerning in the developing world in that the cadmium waste is not collected separately from general waste, and often ends up in landfills. In our study, Zein nano fibers were prepared via electro spinning technique and then used as an adsorbent material for the Cd ions removal. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized by atomic adsorption spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR and SEM measurements. Different parameters were used in the adsorption processes such as pH, contact time, mass of sheet and cadmium concentration to achieve maximum removal efficiency of ca...","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127437447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the developed countries, working on the recycling and waste disposal by different methods are carried out in order to reduce the environmental as well as socio-economic consequences. The most important challenge for developing country is to provide clean quality of water, quality of air, and soil quality. But soil, water, air quality in Pakistan are deteriorated because of improper management of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The MSW is generated at the alarming rate in Pakistan because of over growing population and urbanization. Urban area of every city of Pakistan is not sustainable for citizen because of dumping and burning of MSW. The MSW is not a homogeneous mixture but it is heterogeneous mixture of various components such as putrescible, recyclable, combustible, hazardous etc. In this study, yard wastes were collected from departments as well as hostels of the university and quantified, characterized and assessed by using standard methodology. Also the percentage of individual components of yard waste including tree leaves, grass, garden trimming etc. and their characteristics like moisture contents, volatile matters, ash contents, as well as percentage of elements (C, H, N, O, S) were determined. The yard waste generation per day is determined in this present work that is 50.13 kg/day. The results and findings of the study reveal that huge quantity of yard waste is generated and dumped in an open environment without any treatment. Moreover, it has been concluded and recommended that the generated yard waste is suitable for biological treatment such as anaerobic digestion and/or aerobic composting rather than it’s openly dumping and/or burning.In the developed countries, working on the recycling and waste disposal by different methods are carried out in order to reduce the environmental as well as socio-economic consequences. The most important challenge for developing country is to provide clean quality of water, quality of air, and soil quality. But soil, water, air quality in Pakistan are deteriorated because of improper management of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The MSW is generated at the alarming rate in Pakistan because of over growing population and urbanization. Urban area of every city of Pakistan is not sustainable for citizen because of dumping and burning of MSW. The MSW is not a homogeneous mixture but it is heterogeneous mixture of various components such as putrescible, recyclable, combustible, hazardous etc. In this study, yard wastes were collected from departments as well as hostels of the university and quantified, characterized and assessed by using standard methodology. Also the percentage of individual components of yard...
{"title":"Assessment of yard waste for biological treatment in the Mehran UET, Jamshoro","authors":"Farooq Umar Sidhu, M. Korai, M. Memon","doi":"10.1063/1.5115380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115380","url":null,"abstract":"In the developed countries, working on the recycling and waste disposal by different methods are carried out in order to reduce the environmental as well as socio-economic consequences. The most important challenge for developing country is to provide clean quality of water, quality of air, and soil quality. But soil, water, air quality in Pakistan are deteriorated because of improper management of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The MSW is generated at the alarming rate in Pakistan because of over growing population and urbanization. Urban area of every city of Pakistan is not sustainable for citizen because of dumping and burning of MSW. The MSW is not a homogeneous mixture but it is heterogeneous mixture of various components such as putrescible, recyclable, combustible, hazardous etc. In this study, yard wastes were collected from departments as well as hostels of the university and quantified, characterized and assessed by using standard methodology. Also the percentage of individual components of yard waste including tree leaves, grass, garden trimming etc. and their characteristics like moisture contents, volatile matters, ash contents, as well as percentage of elements (C, H, N, O, S) were determined. The yard waste generation per day is determined in this present work that is 50.13 kg/day. The results and findings of the study reveal that huge quantity of yard waste is generated and dumped in an open environment without any treatment. Moreover, it has been concluded and recommended that the generated yard waste is suitable for biological treatment such as anaerobic digestion and/or aerobic composting rather than it’s openly dumping and/or burning.In the developed countries, working on the recycling and waste disposal by different methods are carried out in order to reduce the environmental as well as socio-economic consequences. The most important challenge for developing country is to provide clean quality of water, quality of air, and soil quality. But soil, water, air quality in Pakistan are deteriorated because of improper management of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The MSW is generated at the alarming rate in Pakistan because of over growing population and urbanization. Urban area of every city of Pakistan is not sustainable for citizen because of dumping and burning of MSW. The MSW is not a homogeneous mixture but it is heterogeneous mixture of various components such as putrescible, recyclable, combustible, hazardous etc. In this study, yard wastes were collected from departments as well as hostels of the university and quantified, characterized and assessed by using standard methodology. Also the percentage of individual components of yard...","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130053619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Arain, Mehr-un-Nisa Qureshi, A. Channa, I. Jokhio, Kundan Kumar, Farwa Shah
The research was carried out with the end goal to give a detailed survey of current research to use Algae in order to remove nutrients such as Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) and also to determine treatment of synthetic waste water by using Algae. In this study, a Photobioreactor was fabricated on the basis of utilization of minimum space and suitable materials to maintain the quality and objective of this project. Total numbers of tank in Photobioreactor were 5 and total volume of water was 60 liters. Synthetic wastewater was produced using different quantities of Dextrin, Yeast extra, Sodium Carbonate, Soluble Starch, Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Washing Powder, Potassium Sulfate, Settled sewage, Shampoo etc since the domestic wastewater contains a number of unwanted constituents. The Photobioreactor helped in storing synthetic waste water, providing growth medium for algae, settle down the sediments, filter out the remaining sediments and finally storing the clean water. The results obtained from the study showed considerable decrease in pH, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphates, sulfates and nitrates. The initial pH was determined to be 7.8 whereas after treatment it reduced to 7.5. BOD reduced from 22 mg/L to 15.5 mg/L, COD reduced from 15 mg/L to 9.5 mg/L, Nitrates reduced from 39.5 mg/L to 20 mg/L, Sulfates reduced from 14.5 mg/L to 10 mg/L and Phosphates reduced from 12 mg/L to 7 mg/L. Thus the reduction in various numbers of nutrients indicated that wastewater treatment using Algae is quite favorable in terms of economic and ecological point of view. Water collected at the end of the process was clean enough to be used in daily life routines.The research was carried out with the end goal to give a detailed survey of current research to use Algae in order to remove nutrients such as Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) and also to determine treatment of synthetic waste water by using Algae. In this study, a Photobioreactor was fabricated on the basis of utilization of minimum space and suitable materials to maintain the quality and objective of this project. Total numbers of tank in Photobioreactor were 5 and total volume of water was 60 liters. Synthetic wastewater was produced using different quantities of Dextrin, Yeast extra, Sodium Carbonate, Soluble Starch, Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Washing Powder, Potassium Sulfate, Settled sewage, Shampoo etc since the domestic wastewater contains a number of unwanted constituents. The Photobioreactor helped in storing synthetic waste water, providing growth medium for algae, settle down the sediments, filter out the remaining sediments and finally storing the clean water. The results obtained from the s...
{"title":"Removal of nutrients from wastewater through photobioreactor using algae","authors":"M. Arain, Mehr-un-Nisa Qureshi, A. Channa, I. Jokhio, Kundan Kumar, Farwa Shah","doi":"10.1063/1.5115366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115366","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out with the end goal to give a detailed survey of current research to use Algae in order to remove nutrients such as Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) and also to determine treatment of synthetic waste water by using Algae. In this study, a Photobioreactor was fabricated on the basis of utilization of minimum space and suitable materials to maintain the quality and objective of this project. Total numbers of tank in Photobioreactor were 5 and total volume of water was 60 liters. Synthetic wastewater was produced using different quantities of Dextrin, Yeast extra, Sodium Carbonate, Soluble Starch, Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Washing Powder, Potassium Sulfate, Settled sewage, Shampoo etc since the domestic wastewater contains a number of unwanted constituents. The Photobioreactor helped in storing synthetic waste water, providing growth medium for algae, settle down the sediments, filter out the remaining sediments and finally storing the clean water. The results obtained from the study showed considerable decrease in pH, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphates, sulfates and nitrates. The initial pH was determined to be 7.8 whereas after treatment it reduced to 7.5. BOD reduced from 22 mg/L to 15.5 mg/L, COD reduced from 15 mg/L to 9.5 mg/L, Nitrates reduced from 39.5 mg/L to 20 mg/L, Sulfates reduced from 14.5 mg/L to 10 mg/L and Phosphates reduced from 12 mg/L to 7 mg/L. Thus the reduction in various numbers of nutrients indicated that wastewater treatment using Algae is quite favorable in terms of economic and ecological point of view. Water collected at the end of the process was clean enough to be used in daily life routines.The research was carried out with the end goal to give a detailed survey of current research to use Algae in order to remove nutrients such as Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) and also to determine treatment of synthetic waste water by using Algae. In this study, a Photobioreactor was fabricated on the basis of utilization of minimum space and suitable materials to maintain the quality and objective of this project. Total numbers of tank in Photobioreactor were 5 and total volume of water was 60 liters. Synthetic wastewater was produced using different quantities of Dextrin, Yeast extra, Sodium Carbonate, Soluble Starch, Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Washing Powder, Potassium Sulfate, Settled sewage, Shampoo etc since the domestic wastewater contains a number of unwanted constituents. The Photobioreactor helped in storing synthetic waste water, providing growth medium for algae, settle down the sediments, filter out the remaining sediments and finally storing the clean water. The results obtained from the s...","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131912104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluctuation in traffic is considered as a significant environmental predictor for physical inactivity. The unfit vehicles, engines, cylinders, and horns create the noise and air pollution. Traffic noise pollution along with faulty design and construction of buildings near by roads create physical and mental disturbance and other problems for residents. The traffic noise annoyance is related to lower physical activity, especially in residential sectors. This research aims to investigate the impact of traffic on adjacent residential pockets. The data related to noise pollution was collected through the digital noise meter at five different areas located nearby motorway. Different readings were measured at different distances 0ft to 200ft from the road. The result shows that vehicle like; Trucks, Trailers, Buses and Cars, exceeds the sound level of 120 db, which is physically painful, unpleasant and it also creates noise pollution. Chronic noise exposure can also result in permanent threshold shifts and loss of hearing in specific frequency ranges. The authorities are required to add remedies by means of adding barriers to control impacts of noise and pollution on nearby residences.Fluctuation in traffic is considered as a significant environmental predictor for physical inactivity. The unfit vehicles, engines, cylinders, and horns create the noise and air pollution. Traffic noise pollution along with faulty design and construction of buildings near by roads create physical and mental disturbance and other problems for residents. The traffic noise annoyance is related to lower physical activity, especially in residential sectors. This research aims to investigate the impact of traffic on adjacent residential pockets. The data related to noise pollution was collected through the digital noise meter at five different areas located nearby motorway. Different readings were measured at different distances 0ft to 200ft from the road. The result shows that vehicle like; Trucks, Trailers, Buses and Cars, exceeds the sound level of 120 db, which is physically painful, unpleasant and it also creates noise pollution. Chronic noise exposure can also result in permanent threshold shifts and loss...
{"title":"To analyze the effect of road traffic noise on surrounding buildings","authors":"Bilawal Sathio, K. M. Brohi, Raheela Laghari","doi":"10.1063/1.5115371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115371","url":null,"abstract":"Fluctuation in traffic is considered as a significant environmental predictor for physical inactivity. The unfit vehicles, engines, cylinders, and horns create the noise and air pollution. Traffic noise pollution along with faulty design and construction of buildings near by roads create physical and mental disturbance and other problems for residents. The traffic noise annoyance is related to lower physical activity, especially in residential sectors. This research aims to investigate the impact of traffic on adjacent residential pockets. The data related to noise pollution was collected through the digital noise meter at five different areas located nearby motorway. Different readings were measured at different distances 0ft to 200ft from the road. The result shows that vehicle like; Trucks, Trailers, Buses and Cars, exceeds the sound level of 120 db, which is physically painful, unpleasant and it also creates noise pollution. Chronic noise exposure can also result in permanent threshold shifts and loss of hearing in specific frequency ranges. The authorities are required to add remedies by means of adding barriers to control impacts of noise and pollution on nearby residences.Fluctuation in traffic is considered as a significant environmental predictor for physical inactivity. The unfit vehicles, engines, cylinders, and horns create the noise and air pollution. Traffic noise pollution along with faulty design and construction of buildings near by roads create physical and mental disturbance and other problems for residents. The traffic noise annoyance is related to lower physical activity, especially in residential sectors. This research aims to investigate the impact of traffic on adjacent residential pockets. The data related to noise pollution was collected through the digital noise meter at five different areas located nearby motorway. Different readings were measured at different distances 0ft to 200ft from the road. The result shows that vehicle like; Trucks, Trailers, Buses and Cars, exceeds the sound level of 120 db, which is physically painful, unpleasant and it also creates noise pollution. Chronic noise exposure can also result in permanent threshold shifts and loss...","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115214498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable energy technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future socio-economic needs. They provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources which ultimately reflect the climate change threat. In many countries, these are selected on the basis of routinely available indigenous resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal. The increasing trend of inexhaustible alternative energy sources, uses such as solar, wind, hydro and biomass in developing countries can play a dominant role in reducing CO2 emissions. In comparison to ongoing dependency on fossil fuel-based electricity, solar energy promises a more economic and uninterrupted source of electrical energy. Solar energy is the low cost, universal source of energy as the sun shines throughout the year. This energy can be converted into useful electrical energy using photovoltaic technology. In the past 30 years solar systems have experienced rapid sales growth, declining capital costs and electricity generation cost, and has continued to improve their performance characteristics. Unfortunately, many places in Pakistan, the lack of reliable power grid, whereas continuous outage of electricity are causing serious problems in every field where reliable power is essential. Pakistan is blessed with 5.5 Wh m−2 d−1 solar insulation with annual mean sunshine duration of 8–10 h d−1 throughout the country. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA in collaboration with USAID reported that the solar energy potential of 2.9 Million MW exists in Pakistan. Pakistan set a target to add approximately 10 GW of renewable capacity by 2030 in addition to replacing 5% diesel with biodiesel by 2015 and 10% by 2025. This paper presents a thorough review of the current status and future potentials of renewable energy sector in Pakistan.Renewable energy technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future socio-economic needs. They provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources which ultimately reflect the climate change threat. In many countries, these are selected on the basis of routinely available indigenous resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal. The increasing trend of inexhaustible alternative energy sources, uses such as solar, wind, hydro and biomass in developing countries can play a dominant role in reducing CO2 emissions. In comparison to ongoing dependency on fossil fuel-based electricity, solar energy promises a more economic and uninterrupted source
可再生能源技术被认为是清洁的能源，这些资源的最佳利用可以最大限度地减少对环境的影响，产生最少的二次废物，并且根据当前和未来的社会经济需要是可持续的。它们通过替代最终反映气候变化威胁的传统能源，为减缓温室气体排放和减少全球变暖提供了极好的机会。在许多国家，这些选择是基于常规可用的本地资源，如生物质能、风能、太阳能、水电和地热。发展中国家使用取之不尽、用之不竭的替代能源，如太阳能、风能、水能和生物质能的趋势日益增加，可在减少二氧化碳排放方面发挥主导作用。与目前对化石燃料电力的依赖相比，太阳能有望成为一种更经济、更不间断的电力能源。太阳能是一种低成本的普遍能源，因为太阳全年都在照射。这种能量可以通过光伏技术转化为有用的电能。在过去的30年里，太阳能系统经历了快速的销售增长，资本成本和发电成本的下降，并不断提高其性能特征。不幸的是，在巴基斯坦的许多地方，缺乏可靠的电网，而持续的停电在每一个需要可靠电力的领域都造成了严重的问题。巴基斯坦拥有5.5 Wh m - 2 d - 1的太阳能绝缘，全国年平均日照时间为8-10 h d - 1。美国国家可再生能源实验室(NREL)与美国国际开发署合作报告称，巴基斯坦的太阳能潜力为290万兆瓦。巴基斯坦设定了到2030年增加约10吉瓦可再生能源容量的目标，此外，到2015年用生物柴油替代5%的柴油，到2025年替代10%的柴油。本文对巴基斯坦可再生能源部门的现状和未来潜力进行了全面的回顾。可再生能源技术被认为是清洁的能源，这些资源的最佳利用可以最大限度地减少对环境的影响，产生最少的二次废物，并且根据当前和未来的社会经济需要是可持续的。它们通过替代最终反映气候变化威胁的传统能源，为减缓温室气体排放和减少全球变暖提供了极好的机会。在许多国家，这些选择是基于常规可用的本地资源，如生物质能、风能、太阳能、水电和地热。发展中国家使用取之不尽、用之不竭的替代能源，如太阳能、风能、水能和生物质能的趋势日益增加，可在减少二氧化碳排放方面发挥主导作用。与目前对化石燃料电力的依赖相比，太阳能有望成为一种更经济、更不间断的电力能源。太阳能是一种低成本、普适的能源。
{"title":"Techno-economic study of renewable energy in Pakistan: The case of solar energy","authors":"Mehwish Soomro, S. Memon, I. Memon","doi":"10.1063/1.5115377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115377","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future socio-economic needs. They provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources which ultimately reflect the climate change threat. In many countries, these are selected on the basis of routinely available indigenous resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal. The increasing trend of inexhaustible alternative energy sources, uses such as solar, wind, hydro and biomass in developing countries can play a dominant role in reducing CO2 emissions. In comparison to ongoing dependency on fossil fuel-based electricity, solar energy promises a more economic and uninterrupted source of electrical energy. Solar energy is the low cost, universal source of energy as the sun shines throughout the year. This energy can be converted into useful electrical energy using photovoltaic technology. In the past 30 years solar systems have experienced rapid sales growth, declining capital costs and electricity generation cost, and has continued to improve their performance characteristics. Unfortunately, many places in Pakistan, the lack of reliable power grid, whereas continuous outage of electricity are causing serious problems in every field where reliable power is essential. Pakistan is blessed with 5.5 Wh m−2 d−1 solar insulation with annual mean sunshine duration of 8–10 h d−1 throughout the country. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA in collaboration with USAID reported that the solar energy potential of 2.9 Million MW exists in Pakistan. Pakistan set a target to add approximately 10 GW of renewable capacity by 2030 in addition to replacing 5% diesel with biodiesel by 2015 and 10% by 2025. This paper presents a thorough review of the current status and future potentials of renewable energy sector in Pakistan.Renewable energy technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future socio-economic needs. They provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources which ultimately reflect the climate change threat. In many countries, these are selected on the basis of routinely available indigenous resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal. The increasing trend of inexhaustible alternative energy sources, uses such as solar, wind, hydro and biomass in developing countries can play a dominant role in reducing CO2 emissions. In comparison to ongoing dependency on fossil fuel-based electricity, solar energy promises a more economic and uninterrupted source","PeriodicalId":294515,"journal":{"name":"5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (EESD-2018)","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127481098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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