Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00008
Francesco Duina, D. Carson
The ascendancy of far-right populist parties (FRPPs) in Europe has been nothing short of remarkable. Seen as the ‘fastest-growing party family’ in the continent (Golder, 2016, p. 477), FRPPs have won significant numbers of seats in national elections in recent years and assured for themselves a place in governing coalitions as partners or outright leaders. This has happened in a long and varied list of countries, ranging from Italy to Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Croatia and Slovakia.1 Even when electoral successes have not translated into government roles, they have constituted major achievements. In France, for instance, Marine Le Pen’s National Rally (known as National Front until 2018) stunned the political establishment by reaching the final run-offs in the presidential elections, where it lost to Emmanuel Macron’s Forward! party. Meanwhile, in 2017, the Alternative for Germany won seats in 14 of 16 state parliaments, and became the third largest party in the Bundestag (the first time a far-right party secured any seats there since 1957). In Spain, Vox scored an expected victory in the general elections of November 2019 by coming in third. FRPPs have done well at the EU level too: the Danish People’s Party, the United Kingdom’s UKIP and France’s National Rally scored unprecedented victories – for instance, at the 2014 European Parliament elections (Brack, 2015). While the subsequent elections in 2019 did not represent major victories for all major FRPPs, they did so for the Alternative for Germany, France’s National Rally and Italy’s League. These successes have had consequences. From immigration to taxation to support for the EU, FRPPs have directly shaped programs and priorities. They have also forced parties from the center to veer to the right to retain voters. Chancellor Angela Merkel’s reversal of her 2015 open-door immigration policy for Germany offers a good example. The victories have also helped relegate historically dominant mainstream parties to secondary roles, as in France and Italy. The rise of FRPPs has logically puzzled casual observers and academics alike. What can explain it? Numerous accounts have been offered. Media commentators have stressed factors such as economic distress, immigration and fears of cultural and identity dilution (Aisch, Pearce & Rousseau, 2017; Der Spiegel, 2010; Lebor, 2016; New York Times, 2016). Academic arguments point to these and other factors (Carter, 2005; Cochrane & Nevitte, 2014; Lubbers & Coenders, 2017; Mieriņa & Koroļeva, 2015; Stockemer, 2017). For example, Golder (2016) offers a useful categorization of those arguments, in line with previous research (see Halikiopoulou, Mock, & Vasilopoulou, 2013; Kitschelt, 1995; Norris, 2005; Van der Brug, Fennema, & Tillie, 2005). He identifies ‘supply-side’ argu-
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Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00005
Liah Greenfeld
The purpose of the present book is to give the reader an idea of what kinds of scholarship are undertaken today on the subject of nationalism around the world. It aims to bring to the reader’s attention representative work, not necessarily the “best,” recognizing that what is considered the best in various national traditions is likely to differ substantially. The time has passed when most participants in a scholarly discussion on a certain subject would share common agreed-upon standards, and when those who did not would not be included in the discussion at all. The world of scholarship as defined by the West has expanded dramatically, with a striking increase in the relevance for it of the post-Soviet and Chinese scholarly worlds in particular, which only a few decades earlier existed in their own closed spheres. And, in no area of study is the mutual relevance of these previously separate scholarly worlds more consequential than in that of nationalism – a subject of intense interest, transcending academia everywhere around the globe. At the same time, significant changes, resulting in a widespread intellectual disarray, have occurred within Western social sciences and it is no longer clear what constitutes acceptable scholarship within the fields, apart from the fact that it is accepted (as a PhD dissertation, for publication in a journal, etc.) somewhere. This is exacerbated by the division of the Western social science into separate disciplines. Since their subject is singular, human society, and no aspect of it can be understood in isolation from others, these disciplines differ mostly in style, and what may be praiseworthy scholarship in history would not pass muster in political science, what would be perfectly acceptable in sociology would be decried in economics, and vice versa, even when all these sovereign “academic nations” address precisely the same intellectual question. Added to this, what constitutes these disciplines is defined differently in various Western nations (UK and USA, not to speak of France, Germany, Italy and others in Europe) and completely differently within the independent scholarly traditions of the former Soviet and Sinic societies, and editors are left without standards, if the goal is to showcase representative work, or can select only from the limited and not at all representative work according to the standards of their national and disciplinary traditions and, ultimately, subjective judgment. As said, we have decided to present what there is and keep our judgment to ourselves. This decision has several implications. The first of these is that the present book must be regarded as a primary source for research on nationalism – a source of data, not a summary or analysis of the accumulated knowledge (but a basis for such summary and analysis) and certainly not a reflection of a general understanding of the phenomenon. In fact, the work assembled here, which accurately represents what scholarly research on nati
{"title":"Introduction to the Research Handbook on Nationalism","authors":"Liah Greenfeld","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present book is to give the reader an idea of what kinds of scholarship are undertaken today on the subject of nationalism around the world. It aims to bring to the reader’s attention representative work, not necessarily the “best,” recognizing that what is considered the best in various national traditions is likely to differ substantially. The time has passed when most participants in a scholarly discussion on a certain subject would share common agreed-upon standards, and when those who did not would not be included in the discussion at all. The world of scholarship as defined by the West has expanded dramatically, with a striking increase in the relevance for it of the post-Soviet and Chinese scholarly worlds in particular, which only a few decades earlier existed in their own closed spheres. And, in no area of study is the mutual relevance of these previously separate scholarly worlds more consequential than in that of nationalism – a subject of intense interest, transcending academia everywhere around the globe. At the same time, significant changes, resulting in a widespread intellectual disarray, have occurred within Western social sciences and it is no longer clear what constitutes acceptable scholarship within the fields, apart from the fact that it is accepted (as a PhD dissertation, for publication in a journal, etc.) somewhere. This is exacerbated by the division of the Western social science into separate disciplines. Since their subject is singular, human society, and no aspect of it can be understood in isolation from others, these disciplines differ mostly in style, and what may be praiseworthy scholarship in history would not pass muster in political science, what would be perfectly acceptable in sociology would be decried in economics, and vice versa, even when all these sovereign “academic nations” address precisely the same intellectual question. Added to this, what constitutes these disciplines is defined differently in various Western nations (UK and USA, not to speak of France, Germany, Italy and others in Europe) and completely differently within the independent scholarly traditions of the former Soviet and Sinic societies, and editors are left without standards, if the goal is to showcase representative work, or can select only from the limited and not at all representative work according to the standards of their national and disciplinary traditions and, ultimately, subjective judgment. As said, we have decided to present what there is and keep our judgment to ourselves. This decision has several implications. The first of these is that the present book must be regarded as a primary source for research on nationalism – a source of data, not a summary or analysis of the accumulated knowledge (but a basis for such summary and analysis) and certainly not a reflection of a general understanding of the phenomenon. In fact, the work assembled here, which accurately represents what scholarly research on nati","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129872199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00011
Nick Brooke
{"title":"Nationalism and terrorism","authors":"Nick Brooke","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126946590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00029
{"title":"Elite and Grassroots Conceptions of National Identity","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132521155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00047
{"title":"Section B Chinese Civilization","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"2 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113931895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00024
{"title":"Economic Nationalism vs Economic Determinism","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117280624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00039
{"title":"Competing for Supremacy","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124415634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00010
{"title":"Section B Post-Cold War Disarray","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127122482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781789903447.00014
{"title":"The Significance of Race","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781789903447.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903447.00014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294968,"journal":{"name":"Research Handbook on Nationalism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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